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PhotosynthesiPhotosynthesiss
Energy & Life
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Overview of Overview of PhotosynthesiPhotosynthesi
ss
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AutotrophsAutotrophs
Plants and some Plants and some other types of other types of organisms that organisms that contain the contain the pigment pigment chlorophyllchlorophyll are able to use are able to use light energy from light energy from the sunthe sun to produce to produce chemical bond chemical bond energy in (glucose).energy in (glucose).
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AutotrophsAutotrophs•Autotrophs Autotrophs
include include organismsorganisms that make that make their own foodtheir own food
•Autotrophs Autotrophs can use the can use the sun’s energy sun’s energy directlydirectly
EuglenaEuglena
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HeterotrophsHeterotrophs• Heterotrophs are Heterotrophs are
organisms that organisms that can NOT make can NOT make their own foodtheir own food
• Heterotrophs Heterotrophs can NOT directly can NOT directly use the sun’s use the sun’s energyenergy
• Heterotrophs Heterotrophs must consume must consume food.food.
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EnergyEnergy• Energy Takes Many Energy Takes Many
Forms such as Forms such as light, light, heat, electrical, heat, electrical, chemical, mechanicalchemical, mechanical
• Energy can be Energy can be changed from changed from one one form to anotherform to another
• Energy can be stored Energy can be stored in chemical bonds & in chemical bonds & then released laterthen released later
Candles release energy as HEAT & LIGHTCandles release energy as HEAT & LIGHT
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ATP – Cellular EnergyATP – Cellular Energy• Adenosine TriphosphateAdenosine Triphosphate• Contains two, high-energy Contains two, high-energy
phosphate bondsphosphate bonds• Also contains the nitrogen base Also contains the nitrogen base
adenine & a ribose sugaradenine & a ribose sugar
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ADPADP• Adenosine DiphosphateAdenosine Diphosphate• ATP releases ATP releases energyenergy, a , a free free
phosphate,phosphate, & & ADPADP when cells when cells take energy from ATPtake energy from ATP
One phosphate bond has been removed
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Sugar in ADP & ATPSugar in ADP & ATP
•Called ribose
•Pentose sugar
•Also found on RNA
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Importance of ATPImportance of ATP
Principal Compound Used To Store Energy In Living Organisms
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Releasing Energy From Releasing Energy From ATPATP•ATP is constantly being ATP is constantly being
used and remade by cellsused and remade by cells•ATP provides all of the ATP provides all of the
energy for energy for cell activitiescell activities•The high energy The high energy
phosphate bonds can be phosphate bonds can be BROKENBROKEN to to release release energyenergy
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Releasing Energy From Releasing Energy From ATPATP
• AddingAdding A A Phosphate Phosphate Group To ADP Group To ADP stores Energy in stores Energy in ATPATP
• RemovingRemoving A A Phosphate Phosphate Group From ATP Group From ATP Releases Energy Releases Energy & forms ADP& forms ADP
Loose
Gain
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Cells Using Biochemical Cells Using Biochemical EnergyEnergy
Cells Use ATP For:• Active transport• Movement• Photosynthesis• Protein Synthesis• Cellular
respiration• All other cellular
reactions
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More on ATPMore on ATP• Cells Have Enough ATP Cells Have Enough ATP
To Last For A To Last For A Few Few SecondsSeconds
• ATP must ATP must constantlyconstantly be be mademade
• ATP ATP Transfers Energy Transfers Energy Very WellVery Well
• ATP Is ATP Is NOTNOT Good At Good At Energy StorageEnergy Storage
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GlucoseGlucose•Glucose is a Glucose is a
monosaccharidemonosaccharide
•CC66HH1212OO66
•One Molecule of One Molecule of glucose Stores glucose Stores 90 90 TimesTimes More Chemical More Chemical Energy Than One Energy Than One Molecule of ATPMolecule of ATP
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The Photosynthesis The Photosynthesis EquationEquation
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PigmentsPigments
• In addition to water, carbon dioxide, and light energy, photosynthesis requires Pigments
•Chlorophyll is the primary light-absorbing pigment in autotrophs
•Chlorophyll is found inside the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplasts
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PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
•Carbon dioxide (COCarbon dioxide (CO22)) requiring process that uses requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and light energy (photons) and water (Hwater (H22O)O) to produce to produce organic biomolecules organic biomolecules (glucose).(glucose).
• 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
SUNphotonsphotons
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PlantsPlants• Autotrophs Autotrophs – produce their own – produce their own
food food (glucose)(glucose)• Process called Process called photosynthesisphotosynthesis• Mainly occurs in the leaves:Mainly occurs in the leaves:
a.a.stoma - poresstoma - pores
b.b.mesophyll cellsmesophyll cells
StomaMesophyllCell
Chloroplast
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Stomata (stoma)Stomata (stoma)PoresPores in a plant’s cuticle in a plant’s cuticle
through which through which waterwater and and gasesgases are exchanged are exchanged between the plant and the between the plant and the atmosphere.atmosphere.
Guard CellGuard CellCarbon Dioxide (CO2)
Oxygen (O2)
Found on the underside of Found on the underside of leavesleaves
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Stomata (stoma)Stomata (stoma)PoresPores in a plant’s cuticle in a plant’s cuticle
through which through which waterwater and and gasesgases are exchanged are exchanged between the plant and the between the plant and the atmosphere.atmosphere.
Guard CellGuard CellCarbon Dioxide (CO2)
Oxygen (O2)
Found on the underside of Found on the underside of leavesleaves
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Light and Light and PigmentsPigments
• Energy From The Sun Enters Earth’s Biosphere As Photons
•Photon = Light Energy Unit
• Light Contains A Mixture Of Wavelengths
•Different Wavelengths Have Different Colors
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Light & PigmentsLight & Pigments
•Different pigmentsDifferent pigments absorb absorb different different wavelengthswavelengths of light of light
•Photons of light Photons of light “excite”“excite” electrons in the plant’s electrons in the plant’s pigmentspigments
• Excited electrons carry the Excited electrons carry the absorbed energy which is absorbed energy which is eventually found in eventually found in glucose.glucose.
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Chlorophyll Chlorophyll
•Found in all Found in all plants, Protist, & plants, Protist, & cyanobacteriacyanobacteria•Makes Makes photosynthesis photosynthesis possiblepossible
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The End
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