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1
Optical network CERNET's experience and prospective
Xing Li , Congxiao Bao
2004-02
2
Outline
CERNET Introduction
CERNET Operation Experience
Link Bandwidth and IP address Estimation
Next Generation Plan
Conclusion
3
Introduction
China Education and Research Network (CERNE
T) is the first and largest academic Internet backbo
ne in China.
The CERNET project was started in 1994.
4
CERNET Statistics (1)
8 national Pops are connected via 2.5Gbps DWDM links 30 provincial Pops are connected via multiple 155Mbps S
DH links 38 GigaPops distributed in 36 cities, covering all the provi
nces in Mainland China. 300 campus networks connect to their nearest Pops via 100
Mbps-1Gbps links. 1,200 education and research institutions connected and pr
ovide Internet connectivity 12 million users 320 million students/school kids
5
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
CERNET Statistics (2)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Member Hosts
Users
6
CERNET Statistics (3)
7
CERNET Topology
徐闻
长春
哈尔滨
乌鲁木齐
拉萨
西宁兰州银川
呼和浩特
台北
沈阳
南昌
西安 徐州
武汉 合肥
郑州
石家庄
北京
南宁
广州
福州
杭州上海
南京
天津
贵阳
海口三亚
湛江
无锡
大连
太原 济南 烟台
成都
长沙
重庆 黄梅
九江
昆明
青岛
汕头
唐山
汉中
宜昌
珠海深圳惠州
柳州百色 厦门
主干网地区网
GigaPop
Pop
桂林
深圳
8
CERNET Performance Matrix
9
CERNET Link History
1995– 64K leased lines link to 8 regional network centers
1996– 512K leased lines link to 8 regional network centers
– 9.6K X.25 or 64K leased line to 28 provincial centers
1997– 3.7M point-to-point satellite link to 8 regional network centers
– 64K point-to-point satellite link to 12 remote provincial centers
1999– 155M SDH link to 8 regional network centers
10
CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (1)
CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project was completed in 2001.
This project using more than 20,000KM dark fiber to build CERNET's
own transport network.
It is a network with 40 Gbps (16 x 2.5 Gbps) capacity and provides 2.
5Gbps Internet connectivity to 8 GigaPops and multiple 155Mbps Inte
rnet connectivity to 16 cities.
CERNET has Pops in 36 cities covering all the provincial capitals and
some big cities.
There were about more than 1000 universities connected.
11
CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (2)
大连
北京
郑州
石家庄
武汉
合肥
南京
上海
长沙
南昌 杭
州
广州
福州
成都
昆明
重庆
厦门
海口
桂林
沈阳
哈尔滨
天津
济南
南宁
深圳
太原
青岛
12
CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (3)
北京
西安
成都
广州
武汉
南京上海
沈阳
乌鲁木齐
银川
兰州
西宁
昆明
贵阳拉萨
重庆
桂林
南宁
海口深圳
长沙
郑州 合肥
济南
青岛
南昌杭州
福州
厦门
大连
长春 哈尔滨
呼和浩特
天津石家庄
太原1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
8
11
9I D
D
D
1314
15
16
17
18
1920
21
22
23
24
2526
27
29
2830
3132
35
34 3637
3839
41
40
42
37
45
44
47
46
48
49
13
Current Architecture (4)
DWDM 16x2.5G Lucent
SDH 16x155M Lucent
Router Cisco Router Cisco
2.5G
2.5G
155M
Dark Fiber
14
CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (5)
15
Typical Site Configuration Example
To Beijing To Hefei
(Ring1)
OLS80G6x155M(e)+4x155M(e)
To Guangzhou5x155M(e)
ADM16/1
(Ring2)
(Ring3)
2.5G To Beijing2.5G To Nanjing
2.5G To Guangzhou
TimingTSG3800
PRR-10 GSP48VPower
To University
9x155M(o)+5x155M(o)+4x155M(o)
ADM16/1
ADM16/1
ADM16/1
2x15
5Me)
ADM16/1
3x155M(e)4x155M(e)
OLS80G
3c
3c
9c1c
2c
3c
3c
1c
2c
9c
9c
2c
1c 1c
9c
4c2.5G To Chengdu
4x155M(e)
To Chengdu
2c
4c
3c
9c
OLS80G
OLS80G
OLS80G
OLS80G
16
Bandwidth Comparison
0.001
0.1
10
1000
100000
10000000
Dec-
94
Dec-
96
Dec-
98
Dec-
00
Dec-
02
CERNET
US
17
CERNET Operation Experience
Bandwidth is never enough
Protection can be done in layer 3
Unified network management system is desirable
Flow control and security is essential
18
Bandwidth is never enough But after 3 to 12 months, the links were congested again and the users were
shouting for a higher bandwidth. It seems that the optical network is the only
solution.
19
Protection can be done in layer 3
北京
郑州
西安
武汉 合肥 上海
南昌 杭州
广州
成都
沈阳
南宁
天津
福州
重庆
济南大连
长春 哈尔滨
长沙
南京
厦门
兰州
深圳
石家庄
银川西宁
乌鲁木齐
昆明贵阳拉萨
太原呼和浩特
青岛
桂林海口
20
Unified network management system is desirable
21
Flow Control and Security is Essential
22
Link Bandwidth and IP Address Estimation
University Connectivity Demand
School connectivity Demand
Economical Considerations
23
University Connectivity Demand
16 Million students enrolled in 2003 universities and institutes located
in more than 260 cities in Mainland China in year 2002.
The average number of enrollment per university/institute is about 8,0
00 students.
If 1 Mbps connectivity is required per student, an average sized campu
s network will need about 8 Gbps of aggregated bandwidth.
When 80 vs. 20 rule applied, the CERNET backbone should provide 4
Tbps aggregated bandwidth reaching more than 260 cities.
For one IP address per student assignment, 1 /8 space is needed.
24
School connectivity Demand
The student population in Mainland China is about 300 Million in 200
2. There are about 1.2Million schools.
If 0.5 Mbps connectivity is required per head with 80 vs. 20 rule appli
ed, the CERNET backbone should provide 30 Tbps aggregated bandw
idth.
For one IP address per head assignment, 19 /8 spaces are needed.
25
Economical Considerations
The calculated bandwidth should be provided with affordable price,
which should be able cover
– the link to the global Internet
– the port to other Internet backbone in China
– the construction and operation CERNET backbone
– the metropolitan networks and the campus networks
What can be collected
– University student 30 RMB/month
– School kids 3 RMB/month
26
Next Generation Plan
CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan
CNGI and CERNET2 plan
Next Generation Network Exchange Point Dragon
Tap
IPv6 Service
Multicast Service
Advanced Applications
27
CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan (1)
5 Gbps to 5 cities, 2.5Gbps to 20 cities
CERNET IDS
CERNET Transport
CERNET IP Backbone
重点学科信息服务体系
大型仪器设备共享
数字图书馆及
中美图书百万册
其他各种教育信息化应用
教育科研网格ChinaGrid
28
CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan (2)
上海
沈阳
大连
长春 哈尔滨
北京
郑州西安
武汉
合肥
杭州
广州
成都
天津
重庆
济南
厦门
长沙
南京
福州
兰州
银川西宁
乌鲁木齐
太原呼和浩特
昆明贵阳拉萨
南宁
深圳桂林海口
南昌
石家庄青岛
29
CNGI Backbones
CPN
主干网1 主干网2 主干网n
MAN
Global IPv6
MAN MAN
GigaPoPGigaPoP GigaPoP GigaPoP
GigaPoP
GigaPoP GigaPoP
6IX
CPNCPN CPN CPN
30
CERNET2 plan
北京
郑州西安
武汉 合肥 上海
杭州
广州
成都
沈阳
天津
重庆
济南
厦门
大连
长春 哈尔滨
长沙
南京
兰州
10G
2.5G
用户接入网 用户接入网 用户接入网
用户接入网 用户接入网
用户接入网
用户接入网
用户接入网用户接入网用户接入网
用户接入网
用户接入网
用户接入网
用户接入网
用户接入网用户接入网
用户接入网 用户接入网 用户接入网
10 Gbps to 5 cities, 2.5Gbps to 20 cities
31
CERNET NSFCNET CSTNET
GEANT( EU)
APAN( AP)
Abilene( US)
DRAGONTAP
45M
155M s
10M bps/
45M /155M /
622M /2.5G
2M /
45M
STARTAP
Next Generation Network Exchange Point DragonTap
32
Advanced Applications
33
Conclusions
China is a developing country, the education modernization is the key
for its future development.
Providing Internet connectivity to all the universities and schools is
one of the major step in the modernization process.
CERNET architecture board is planning to upgrade the national
backbone, the metropolitan networks and the campus networks again
for higher performance and better manageability for affordable cost.
The scalability of providing Internet services to all the educational
population in Mainland China is the key of success.
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