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Dioxins, Furans and HCBsinventoryfor CEPA
Jan 1999
Federal provincial task force &
Environment Canada
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Caveats: letters were sent to the sectors identified to request release of information
• Voluntary reporting by industry and public agencies
• required reporting from pulp and paper industry, cement industry and some incinerators
• estimated data
• initial compilation of date, not exhaustive or complete
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Figure 1 - PCDDs/PCDFs Releases in grams TEQ/y in Canada to all Media (1999:
projections) (Soil data are incomplete)
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PCDDs/PCDFs Summary ( g TEQ/y)
1990 1997 1999
Air releases 353 290 199Effluents 454 5 5
To Soil (not complete) 173 173 173Total Releases 980 468 377
In Products 226 226 226
HCB Summary ( kg/y)2
Air releases 71 55 55Effluents 1 0 0
To Soil (not complete) 2 2 2
Total Releases 74 57 57
In Products 2 2 2
1 Projections for 19992 HCB summary not including all sources (information not available)
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Water releases
• 99% reduction
• result of regulation changes in pulp and paper industry
• captured and sent to Soil releases??
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Soil releases
• Pesticides: PCDDs/PCDFs are released to all media due to the use of pesticides.
• Inservice treated wood(utility poles,RR ties)
• No mention of pulp and paper effluent such as black liquor, e.g. Domtar Dombind)
• sewage sludge on agricultural land
• what about incinerator fly/bottom ash??
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Municipal Waste Incineration (151.7 gram TEQ/y - 50.8% of total)
• Largest sources of dioxin and furan
• existing incinerators (9 large, many small, and as well back yard barrell burning
• future incinerators
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Ontario municipal waste incinerators
• Oshawa GM EFWfacility
• Hamilton SWARU solid waste reduction unit
• London Victoria Hospital EFW
• Brampton Peel EFW resource recovery unit
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Federal Incinerators All Types (0.6 gram TEQ/year)
• Before 1990: 241 federal incinerators in operation in Canada releasing an estimated 1.3g TEQ/y.
• 1997, approximately 93 federal incinerators, releasing 0.6 gm TEQ/y.
• burn municipal or biomedical waste, etc.
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Residential wood burning
• 12% of chlorinated dioxin/furan input
• How can this be so?
• Burning treated wood?
• Burning pvc plastics?
• Back yard barrell burners?
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Figure 2 - Expected PCDDs/PCDFs Atmospheric
Releases in 1999 (200 grams TEQ/y)
Canada,
all provinces total
17Mun. Waste Inc.
Resid. Wood Comb.
Sintering Plants
Burning Salt Laden Wood
Steel Manufacturing
Fuel Comb. (Traff ic)
Resid. Oil Comb.
Electric Pow er Generation
Wood w aste combustion
Cement Kilns
Hospital Incinerators
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1995 TSMP
• In 1995, the Federal Government adopted the Toxic Substances Management Policy (TSMP). The policy has two key management objectives:
virtual elimination from the environment of toxic substances that result predominantly from human activity, and that are persistent and bioaccumulative (Track 1 substances); and …….
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1997, Track 1
• In 1997, Environment Canada indicated its intention to manage PCDDs/PCDFs and Hexachlorobenzene as Track 1 substances and published the Scientific Justification for PCDDs/PCDFs - Candidate Substances for Management under Track 1
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Hospital incinerators,1995
• 219 incinerators burning biomedical waste in Canada. Testing for dioxins/furans has been completed at 6 typical Ontario incinerators and the results of these tests extrapolated to all facilities in Canada based on the quantity of material burned. The estimated PCDDs/PCDFs emissions from hospital incinerators in Canada was 8.3 grams TEQ /y. in 1995.
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Hospital incinerators,II
• Since 1995, a number of hospital incinerators has been shut down, thus reducing the total number of hospital incinerators to 160 and the total PCDDs/PCDFs releases to 2.5 g TEQ/y. All Hospital Incinerators in B.C. are expected to shut down by December 1998. This would further reduce the release from this sector.
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Hospital incinerators, III
• No mention of or accounting for:
• fly/bottom ash,
• accounting for 1/3 the original volume
• landfilled
• in the US : hazardous waste
• maybe no dioxin/furan in Ash?
• Old units: no air emission controls at all
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