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Government of Sri Lanka METRO COLOMBO URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
(MCUDP)
The Consultancy Services for the Preparation of a Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
Technical Report 07 WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
No.MCUDP/PHRD/03
January 2016
WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
TEAM MEMBERS
Rob MCINNES ................................................ Team leader
Sibila JAKSIC .................................................. Institutions and policy Project manager
Rob MCINNES ................................................ Ecosystem services_PRA_Questionnaires
Mark EVERARD .............................................. Ecosystem services
Anusha BANDARA ......................................... Ecosystem services _Economic valuation
Lalith AMARALAL ........................................... Ecosystem services_PRA
GREEN MOVEMENT ...................................... Ecosystem services _Questionnaires
Devaka WEERAKOON .................................... Biodiversity
Gilles MOYNOT .............................................. Biodiversity
Guillaume SALMON ....................................... Communication Plan
Nicolas BARGIER ............................................ Water and soil quality
Ranjana PIYADASA ........................................ Water and soil quality
Pierre RIGAUDIERE ........................................ Physical features_Hydrology
Anura RANWALA ........................................... Physical features_Hydrology
GIS team : Thilina Buddima PALLETHANNE, Anthony ROUÉ, Vu Hai LE, Inakshi KARUNAWARDANA,
Olivier PETOT (ASCONIT) and “SAFEGE” GIS team
Supportive roles :
Missaka HETTIARACHCHI ............................. Institutions and policy
Mathieu SOUQUET ....................................... Wetland Management Strategy
Keerthi Sri JAYAWARDENA ........................... Hydrology background
Indrasiri L.H .................................................. Expert GIS
Janaka DHARMASENA .................................. Urban planning issues
Emmanuel THIRY .......................................... Advisory on governance issue
Field assessment and survey were accomplished with participation of GREEN MOVEMENT staff for
ecosystem services assessment and students from Colombo University for water quality and
ecological surveys.
WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area Metro Colombo Wetland Management Strategy was developed as a complementary initiative
towards achieving capacity enhancement for flood and drainage management under the World Bank
funded Metro Colombo Urban Development Project.
The study received grant funding from the Japan Policy and Human Resources Development Fund
and was directly supervised by the Wetland Management Division of the Sri Lanka Land Reclamation
and Development Corporation :
Dr. N. S. Wijayarathne ‐ Deputy General Manager
L C G Soysa ‐ AGM ‐ Coordinator
W D C T Gunasiri ‐ Environmental Scientist ‐ Surface and Ground Water and Soil surveys
P D Pindeniya ‐ Ecologist ‐ Biodiversity Field surveys
Ranoshi Siripala ‐ Ecologist ‐ Biodiversity Field surveys
Kumudu Shirani ‐ Engineer ‐ Ecosystem Service Assessment
U Y I L Dharmasoma ‐ Surface and Ground Water surveys
Dammika Marasinghe ‐ Administrative Officer ‐ Social Surveys
WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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CONTENTS
1 CLASSIFICATION OF WETLANDS IN THE COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION _______________________________________________ 1
2 THE RAMSAR CLASSIFICATION OF WETLANDS ________________ 5
3 METRO COLOMBO WETLANDS ZONING MAP ‐ HYDROLOGICAL FUNCTIONING __________________________________________ 9
4 METRO COLOMBO WETLANDS ZONING MAP ‐ HABITAT TYPES _ 11
5 METRO COLOMBO WETLANDS ZONING MAP – FUNCTIONAL WETLAND CLASSIFICATION _______________________________ 13
6 METRO COLOMBO WETLANDS TYPE PHOTOGRAPHS __________ 15
WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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1 CLASSIFICATION OF WETLANDS IN THE COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION
WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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Dominant water source Hydrodynamic Habitat type Habitat
feature Wetland type Wetland description Ramsar wetland classification types
Freshwater
Non‐tidal
Open water Flowing water
Floating vegetation Freshwater, non‐tidal, flowing water with floating vegetation M, N, 9 Open water Freshwater, non‐tidal, open flowing water body M, N, 9
Standing water
Floating vegetation Freshwater, non‐tidal, standing water with floating vegetation O, P, Tp, Ts, 2, 3, 6, 7 Open water Freshwater, non‐tidal, open standing water body O, P, Tp, Ts, 2, 3, 6, 7
Herb‐dominatedLow herb
Active paddy Active paddy land 3 Abandoned paddy Abandoned paddy land dominated by low herbs Tp, Ts, U, 3 Marginal vegetation Low herb communities on margins of non‐tidal freshwater bodies Tp, Ts
Tall herb Abandoned paddy Abandoned paddy land dominated by tall herbs Tp, Ts, W, U, 3 Marginal vegetation Tall herb communities on margins of non‐tidal freshwater bodies Tp, Ts W
Woodland Annona woodland Freshwater, non‐tidal Annona dominated woodland Xf, Xp Mixed woodland Freshwater, non‐tidal mixed woodland Xf, Xp
Weak‐moderately tidal
Open water Flowing water
Floating vegetation Freshwater, weak/moderately tidal, flowing water with floating vegetation M, N, 9 Open water Freshwater, non‐tidal, open flowing water body M, N, 9
Standing water
Floating vegetation Freshwater, non‐tidal, standing water with floating vegetation O, P, Tp, Ts, 2, 6, 7 Open water Freshwater, non‐tidal, open standing water body O, P, Tp, Ts, 2, 6, 7
Herb‐dominatedLow herb Marginal vegetation Low herb communities on margins of weak/moderately ‐tidal freshwater
bodies Tp, Ts
Tall herb Marginal vegetation Tall herb communities on margins of weak/moderately ‐tidal freshwater bodies Tp, Ts W
Woodland Annona woodland Freshwater, weak/moderately tidal Annona dominated woodland Xf, Xp Mixed woodland Freshwater, weak/moderately tidal mixed woodland Xf, Xp
Seasonally brackish / Brackish
Weak‐moderately tidal
Open water Flowing water
Floating vegetation Brackish, weak‐moderately tidal, flowing water with floating vegetation M, N, 9 Open water Brackish, weak‐moderately tidal, open flowing water body M, N, 9
Standing water
Floating vegetation Brackish, weak‐moderately tidal, standing water with floating vegetation O, P, Q, R, Sp, Ss, Tp, 2, 3, 6, 7 Open water Brackish, weak‐moderately tidal, open standing water body O, P, Q, R, Sp, Ss, Tp, 2, 3, 6, 7
Herb‐dominatedLow herb Marginal vegetation Low herb communities on margins of weak/moderately ‐tidal brackish bodies Sp, Ss, Tp, Ts Tall herb Marginal vegetation Tall herb communities on margins of weak/moderately ‐tidal brackish bodies Sp, Ss, Tp, Ts W
Woodland Annona woodland Brackish, weak/moderately tidal Annona dominated woodland I, Xf, Xp Mixed woodland Brackish, weak/moderately tidal mixed woodland I, Xf, Xp
Strongly tidal
Open water Flowing water
Floating vegetation Brackish, strongly tidal, flowing water with floating vegetation M, N, 9 Open water Brackish, strongly tidal, open flowing water body M, N, 9
Standing water
Floating vegetation Brackish, strongly tidal, standing water with floating vegetation O, P, Q, R, Sp, Ss, Tp, 2, 3, 6, 7 Open water Brackish, strongly tidal, open standing water body O, P, Q, R, Sp, Ss, Tp, 2, 3, 6, 7
Herb‐dominatedLow herb Marginal vegetation Low herb communities on margins of strongly ‐tidal brackish bodies Sp, Ss, Tp, Ts Tall herb Marginal vegetation Tall herb communities on margins of strongly ‐tidal brackish bodies Sp, Ss, Tp, Ts W
Woodland Annona woodland Brackish, strongly tidal Annona dominated woodland I, Xf, Xp Mixed woodland Brackish, strongly tidal mixed woodland I, Xf, Xp
WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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2 THE RAMSAR CLASSIFICATION OF WETLANDS
WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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Ramsar Classification System for Wetland Type. (Note: “floodplain” is a broad term used to refer to one or more wetland types, which may include examples from the R, Ss, Ts, W, Xf, Xp, or other wetland types. Some examples of floodplain wetlands are seasonally inundated grassland (including natural wet meadows), shrublands, woodlands and forests. Floodplain wetlands are not listed as a specific wetland type herein.)
Wetland Types Ramsar Code
Marine/Coastal Wetlands
Permanent shallow marine waters in most cases less than six metres deep at low tide; includes sea bays and straits. A
Marine sub‐tidal aquatic beds; includes kelp beds, sea‐grass beds, tropical marine meadows. B
Coral reefs. C Rocky marine shores; includes rocky offshore islands, sea cliffs. D Sand, shingle or pebble shores; includes sand bars, spits and sandy islets; includes dune systems and humid dune slacks. E
Estuarine waters; permanent water of estuaries and estuarine systems of deltas. F Intertidal mud, sand or salt flats. G Intertidal marshes; includes salt marshes, salt meadows, saltings, raised salt marshes; includes tidal brackish and freshwater marshes. H
Intertidal forested wetlands; includes mangrove swamps, nipah swamps and tidal freshwater swamp forests. I
Coastal brackish/saline lagoons; brackish to saline lagoons with at least one relatively narrow connection to the sea. J
Coastal freshwater lagoons; includes freshwater delta lagoons. K Karst and other subterranean hydrological systems, marine/coastal Zk(a)
Inland Wetlands
Permanent inland deltas. L Permanent rivers/streams/creeks; includes waterfalls. M Seasonal/intermittent/irregular rivers/streams/creeks. N Permanent freshwater lakes (over 8 ha); includes large oxbow lakes. O
Seasonal/intermittent freshwater lakes (over 8 ha); includes floodplain lakes. P
Permanent saline/brackish/alkaline lakes. Q Seasonal/intermittent saline/brackish/alkaline lakes and flats. R Permanent saline/brackish/alkaline marshes/pools. Sp Seasonal/intermittent saline/brackish/alkaline marshes/pools. Ss Permanent freshwater marshes/pools; ponds (below 8 ha), marshes and swamps on inorganic soils; with emergent vegetation water‐logged for at least most of the growing season.
Tp
Seasonal/intermittent freshwater marshes/pools on inorganic soils; includes sloughs, potholes, seasonally flooded meadows, sedge marshes. Ts
Non‐forested peatlands; includes shrub or open bogs, swamps, fens. U Alpine wetlands; includes alpine meadows, temporary waters from snowmelt. Va Tundra wetlands; includes tundra pools, temporary waters from snowmelt. Vt Shrub‐dominated wetlands; shrub swamps, shrub‐dominated freshwater marshes, shrub carr, alder thicket on inorganic soils. W
Freshwater, tree‐dominated wetlands; includes freshwater swamp forests, seasonally flooded forests, wooded swamps on inorganic soils. Xf
Forested peatlands; peatswamp forests. Xp Freshwater springs; oases Y Geothermal wetlands Zg Karst and other subterranean hydrological systems, inland Zk(b)
Human‐made wetlands
Aquaculture (e.g., fish/shrimp) ponds 1
Ponds; includes farm ponds, stock ponds, small tanks; (generally below 8 ha). 2 Irrigated land; includes irrigation channels and rice fields. 3 Seasonally flooded agricultural land (including intensively managed or grazed wet meadow or pasture). 4
Salt exploitation sites; salt pans, salinas, etc. 5 Water storage areas; reservoirs/barrages/dams/impoundments (generally over 8 ha). 6 Excavations; gravel/brick/clay pits; borrow pits, mining pools. 7 Wastewater treatment areas; sewage farms, settling ponds, oxidation basins, etc. 8 Canals and drainage channels, ditches. 9 Karst and other subterranean hydrological systems, human‐made 10
WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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3 METRO COLOMBO WETLANDS ZONING MAP
_ HYDROLOGICAL FUNCTIONING
WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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4 METRO COLOMBO WETLANDS ZONING MAP
_ HABITAT TYPES
WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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5 METRO COLOMBO WETLANDS ZONING MAP
_ FUNCTIONAL WETLAND CLASSIFICATION
WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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6 METRO COLOMBO WETLANDS TYPE PHOTOGRAPHS LOCATION
WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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WETLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ‐ Technical Report 07 ‐ WETLAND CLASSIFICATION MAPS Metro Colombo Urban Development Project ‐ Consultancy Services for the Preparation of Management Strategy for Wetlands and Carrying out an Assessment of Water Quality in the Inland Waterways and Lakes within Metro Colombo Area
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