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04-1
Chapter 4– Protective Actions
Haz MatIncident Considerations
04-2
Protective Actions
Session Objectives– Understand protective action options
during a hazardous materials response– Understand the concept of; sheltering
actions, evacuation, and population management
04-3
Controlling Access
Law enforcement and Fire Department personnel share responsibility
04-4
Law Enforcement Personnel
Establish outer perimeters Establish corridors for ingress and
egress Control spectators Ensure that personnel are not exposed
in a downwind toxic situation
04-5
Protecting The Public
The first priority in haz mat response is to protect the public – accomplished by ordering protective
actions There are two actions that can be taken:
– Shelter-in-Place– Evacuation
04-6
Shelter-in-Place (SIP)
The preferred initial action in many cases is sheltering-in-place
04-7
Shelter-in-Place Considerations: The hazardous material involved Location of the emergency Time of day Type of containers involved Size of involved area Weather conditions and related factors Number and type of casualties Traffic and crowd conditions
04-8
Shelter-In-Place Instructions
Close doors Close and lock windows Turn off HVAC Close fireplace dampers Tune into EBS for further information
04-9
If an explosion is possible:
Close drapes, curtains, and shades over windows
Stay away from exterior windows to prevent potential injury from flying glass
04-10
Evacuation
Evacuation takes time– when in doubt, begin with Shelter-In-Place
protection Incidents involving flammable
atmospheres and explosions require evacuation
04-11
Evacuation Order
May be either voluntary or mandatory– Voluntary order
people are not required to leave
– Mandatory order all must evacuate due to the immediate hazard
04-12
Responsibilities For Evacuation:
Evacuation distances are determined by the Fire Department and/or Health Department
Law enforcement agency:– plan and carry out the evacuation order– provide for the shelter and welfare of
evacuees
04-13
Protective Action Distances
Use NA ERG for initial protective action distances
1996NORHT AMERICAN
EMERGENCY RESPONSEGUIDEBOOK
04-14
Initial Perimeter Considerations
Amount of haz mat involved – actual and potential
Elevation of the release Population density Presence of drainage, flood
control and sewer systems Wind conditions Topography
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Evacuation Concerns
Potential health concerns Concern about missing family members Animal control Transportation problems Traffic conditions People-related problems
04-16
Making the Decision to Evacuate
How much time is needed for the evacuation process?
First action is to isolate the area and deny access
Evacuation vs. Rescue
04-17
Evacuation Warnings
Include the following information:– Evacuation type (mandatory vs. voluntary)– Best available route(s) out of the area– Location of evacuation centers
if established
– Anticipated duration of emergency– Time remaining before the situation
becomes critical
04-18
Resources Needed for Evacuation General guidelines:
– Single family dwellings - 2 people per block– Small apartment buildings - 2 people per
building– Large apartment buildings - 2 people per
floor
04-19
Evacuation Legal Considerations
It is not legal to force occupants from their private property when, after being notified of the risk, they wish to remain
04-20
Evacuation Centers/Assistance
Locations that may be utilized for evacuation centers include:– School facilities– National Guard armories– Parks and other large public facilities
If necessary, direct evacuees to a place of relative safety as an “initial evacuation point”
04-21
Red Cross and Salvation Army
– Food/Mobile Feeding– Clothing– Lodging– Medical and nursing assistance– Various family services– Rehabilitation– Emergency housing– Medical assistance– Referral services
04-22
Working with the Media
Public Information Officer (PIO)– should be identified immediately– provide direct liaison to the media for
release of Emergency Broadcast messages
04-23
Authority to Order an Evacuation
04-24
Evacuation plan
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