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VirtualizationIntroduction
Copyright©2015,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
SimonCOTERPrincipalProductManagerOracleVM&VirtualBoxsimon.coter@oracle.comhttps://blogs.oracle.com/scoter
November21st,2016
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
SafeHarborStatementThefollowingisintendedtooutlineourgeneralproductdirection.Itisintendedforinformationpurposesonly,andmaynotbeincorporatedintoanycontract.Itisnotacommitmenttodeliveranymaterial,code,orfunctionality,andshouldnotberelieduponinmakingpurchasingdecisions.Thedevelopment,release,andtimingofanyfeaturesorfunctionalitydescribedforOracle’sproductsremainsatthesolediscretionofOracle.
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Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
Whatisvirtualization?
OperatingSystem
App.A App.B App.C App.D
Hardware
VirtualizationLayer
VirtualContainer
App.A App.B
Hardware
VirtualContainer
App.C App.D
‘Nonvirtualized’ systemAsingleOScontrolsallhardwareplatformresources
VirtualizedsystemItmakesitpossibletorunmultipleVirtualContainersonasinglephysicalplatform
Virtualizationisabroadterm(virtualmemory,storage,network,etc)Virtualizationbasicallyallowsonecomputertodothejobofmultiplecomputers,bysharingtheresourcesofa
singlehardwareacrossmultipleenvironments
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
Howdiditstart?
• Servervirtualizationhasexistedforseveraldecades– IBMpioneeredmorethan30yearsagowiththecapability
to“multitask”• Theinceptionwasinspecialized,proprietary,high-endserverand
mainframesystems• By1980/90serversvirtualizationadoptioninitiatedareduction
– Inexpensivex86hardwareplatforms– Windows/LinuxadoptedasserverOSs
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ComputingInfrastructure– 2000• 1machineà 1OSà severalapplications• Applicationscanaffecteachother• Bigdisadvantage:machineutilizationisverylow,mostofthetimesitisbelow
than25%
X86WindowsXP
X86Windows2003
X86Suse
X86RedHat
12%HardwareUtilization
15%HardwareUtilization
18%HardwareUtilization
10%HardwareUtilization
App App App App App App App App
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
Virtualizationagain…
x86serverdeploymentsintroducednewITchallenges:• Lowserverinfrastructureutilization(10-18%)• Increasingphysicalinfrastructurecosts(facilities,power,cooling,etc)• IncreasingITmanagementcosts(configuration,deployment,updates,etc)• Insufficientfailoveranddisasterprotection
Thesolutionforalltheseproblemswastovirtualizex86platforms
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
ComputingInfrastructure- Virtualization• Itmatchesthebenefitsofhighhardwareutilizationwithrunningseveraloperatingsystems
(applications)inseparatedvirtualizedenvironments– Eachapplicationrunsinitsownoperatingsystem– Eachoperatingsystemdoesnotknowitissharingtheunderlyinghardwarewithothers
X86Multi-Core,MultiProcessor
70%HardwareUtilization
X86WindowsXP
App.A
X86Windows2003
App.B
X86SuseLinux
App.C
X86RedHatLinux
App.D
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
EvolutionofSoftwaresolutions
• 1st Generation:Fullvirtualization(Binaryrewriting)– SoftwareBased– VMwareandMicrosoft
Time
• 3rd Generation:Silicon-based(Hardware-assisted)virtualization– Unmodifiedguest– VMwareandXenon
virtualization-awarehardwareplatforms
• 2nd Generation:Paravirtualization– Cooperativevirtualization– Modifiedguest– VMware,Xen
DynamicTranslation
VirtualMachine
Hardware
OperatingSystem
VirtualMachine…
Hypervisor
Hardware
VMVM
Hardware
VirtualMachine
VirtualMachine…
VirtualizationLogic
Hypervisor
…
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FullVirtualization
• 1st Generationofferingofx86/x64servervirtualization• Dynamicbinarytranslation
– Theemulationlayertalkstoanoperatingsystemwhichtalkstothecomputerhardware
– TheguestOSdoesn'tseethatitisusedinanemulatedenvironment
• AllofthehardwareisemulatedincludingtheCPU• TwopopularopensourceemulatorsareQEMUandBochs
EmulatedHardware
VirtualMachine
GuestO
SDeviceDrivers
App.A
App.B
App.C
Hardware
HostOS
DeviceDrivers
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FullVirtualization- Advantages
• Theemulationlayer– IsolatesVMsfromthehostOSandfromeachother– ControlsindividualVMaccesstosystemresources,preventinganunstableVMfromimpactingsystem
performance
• TotalVMportability– Byemulatingaconsistentsetofsystemhardware,VMshavetheabilitytotransparentlymovebetweenhosts
withdissimilarhardwarewithoutanyproblems• Itispossibletorunanoperatingsystemthatwasdevelopedforanotherarchitectureonyourownarchitecture
• AVMrunningonaDellservercanberelocatedtoaHewlett-Packardserver
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
FullVirtualization- Drawbacks• Hardwareemulationcomeswithaperformanceprice• Intraditionalx86architectures,OSkernelsexpecttorunprivilegedcodeinRing0
– However,becauseRing0iscontrolledbythehostOS,VMsareforcedtoexecuteatRing1/3,whichrequirestheVMMtotrapandemulateinstructions
• Duetotheseperformancelimitations,paravirtualization andhardware-assistedvirtualizationweredeveloped
Application Ring3
OperatingSystem
Ring0
Traditionalx86Architecture
Application Ring3
GuestOS Ring1/3
VirtualMachineMonitor
Ring0
FullVirtualization
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
Para-Virtualization
• TheGuestOSismodifiedandthusrunkernel-leveloperationsatRing1(or3)– theguestisfullyawareofhowtoprocessprivilegedinstructions– thus,privilegedinstructiontranslationbytheVMMisnolonger
necessary– TheguestoperatingsystemusesaspecializedAPItotalktothe
VMMand,inthisway,executetheprivilegedinstructions• TheVMMisresponsibleforhandlingthevirtualizationrequests
andputtingthemtothehardware
VirtualMachineMonitor
VirtualMachine
GuestO
S
DeviceDrivers
App.A
App.B
App.C
SpecializedAPI
Hardware
Hypervisor
DeviceDrivers
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
Para-Virtualization• Today,VMguestoperatingsystemsareparavirtualized usingtwodifferentapproaches:
– RecompilingtheOSkernel• Paravirtualization driversandAPIsmustresideintheguestoperatingsystemkernel• YoudoneedamodifiedoperatingsystemthatincludesthisspecificAPI,requiringacompilingoperatingsystems
tobevirtualizationaware– Somevendors(suchasNovell)haveembracedparavirtualization andhaveprovidedparavirtualized OS
builds,whileothervendors(suchasMicrosoft)havenot– Installingparavirtualized drivers
• Insomeoperatingsystemsitisnotpossibletousecompleteparavirtualization,asitrequiresaspecializedversionoftheoperatingsystem
• Toensuregoodperformanceinsuchenvironments,paravirtualization canbeappliedforindividualdevices• Forexample,theinstructionsgeneratedbynetworkboardsorgraphicalinterfacecardscanbemodifiedbefore
theyleavethevirtualizedmachinebyusingparavirtualized drivers
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
Hardware-assistedvirtualization
• TheguestOSrunsatring0• TheVMMusesprocessorextensions(suchasIntel®-VTorAMD-V)to
interceptandemulateprivilegedoperationsintheguest• Hardware-assistedvirtualizationremovesmanyoftheproblemsthat
makewritingaVMMachallenge• TheVMMrunsinamoreprivilegedringthan0,avirtual-1ringis
createdVirtualMachineMonitor
VirtualMachine
GuestO
SDeviceDrivers
App.A
App.B
App.C
SpecializedAPI
Hardware
Hypervisor
DeviceDrivers
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
Hardware-assistedvirtualization
• Pros– ItallowstorununmodifiedOss(solegacyOScanberunwithoutproblems)
• Cons– SpeedandFlexibility
• AnunmodifiedOSdoesnotknowitisrunninginavirtualizedenvironmentandso,itcan’ttakeadvantageofanyofthevirtualizationfeatures– Itcanberesolvedusingparavirtualization partially
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
ABriefHistoryofXenintheCloud
Oct‘03
XenPresentedatSOSP
XCP1.xCloudMgmt
‘08‘06
AmazonEC2andSlicehostlaunched
RackspaceCloud
Late 90s
XenoServer Project(CambridgeUniv.)
‘09 ‘11
XCPAnnounced
‘12
XCPpackagesinLinux
XenforARMbasedServersPVHmode
Linux3.0
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
• GuardianofXenHypervisorandrelatedOSSProjects• XenGovernancesimilartoLinuxKernel• Projects– XenHypervisor(ledby5committers,2fromCitrix)– XenCloudPlatformakaXCP(ledbyCitrix)– XenARM:Xenformobiledevices(ledbySamsung)– PVOPS:XencomponentsandsupportinLinuxKernel(ledbyOracle)
• 10+vendorscontributingmorethan1%totheproject(AWS,AMD,Citrix,GridCentric,Fujitsu,Huawei,iWeb,Intel,NSA,Oracle,Samsung,Suse,…)
Xen.org
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XenVariantsforServer&Cloud
XenHypervisor XCP
Increasedleveloffunctionalityandintegrationwithothercomponents
Default/XL(XM)Toolstack /Console Libvirt /VIRSH XAPI /XE
Products OracleVM HuaweiUVP CitrixXenServer
GetBinaries from… LinuxDistros LinuxDistros Debian &Ubuntu
ISO fromXen.org
Usedby… ManyOthers
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
Extendingtheconceptofvirtualizationfordesktops• Servers
– Hostedvirtualization- mainframes– VMMs/BareMetalhypervisors– OSvirtualization
• Desktops– Desktopvirtualization– Server-sideworkspacevirtualization– Client-sideworkspacevirtualization
• Applicationvirtualization– Applicationisolation– Applicationstreaming
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
DesktopVirtualization• AVMMorhypervisorrunningonaphysicaldesktop
• Examplesinclude:– MicrosoftVirtualPC– OracleVMVirtualBox
– ParallelsDesktopforMac
– VMwareFusion
• Usecasesinclude:– EmulatingWindowsgamesontheMacintosh
– TestingcodeinsideVMs– Underpinningclient-sideworkspacevirtualization
• DesktophypervisorsandVMMsdon’tnecessarilyscaletomeetenterpriseneeds;that’swhymostoftheprovidershaveserverproductsaswell
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
Server-sideworkspacevirtualization• Aworkspace(desktopoperatingsystemwithcustomconfiguration)runninginsideavirtualmachine
hostedonaserver
• Examplesinclude:– VMwareVDI
• Usecasesinclude:– Centrallymanageddesktopinfrastructure
– Securityenforcementandlockdown
• Apoolofvirtualworkspacesresidesontheserver.RemoteuserslogintothemfromanynetworkeddeviceviaMicrosoft’sRemoteDesktopProtocol(RDP)
• Userscancustomizetheirvirtualworkspacetotheirheart’scontent,whileoperatorsenjoytherelativelystraightforwardtaskofmanagingdesktopconfigurationononecentralserver
• Connectionbrokersarbitratebetweenapoolofvirtualworkspacesresidingonacentralserver
• Thebiggestproblemwithserver-hostedworkspacevirtualizationisthatit’sabandwidthhog.Performanceisconstrainedbytheperformanceofyournetwork
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
Blade&Servers
• Manually installed servers, manually configured networks, manually configured operating systems, lightly automated deployments
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VirtualMachines
• Software installed servers (guests), partially automated networks, manually configured operating systems, lightly automated deployments
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
Containers:LXC&Docker• Software installed servers (guests),
fully automated network setup, automated OS setup, automated application setup, automated deployments, slice up VM into smaller units• Each unit appears to the application
as owning it’s own OS• In reality, all units share the same
kernel
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DevOps
• DevOps ("development" and "operations") aims at establishing a culture and environment where building, testing, and releasing software, can happen rapidly, frequently, and more reliably.
Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
Vision:Virtualization&Container…….together
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Copyright©2015, Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|
Q&A
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