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© THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS
THIS INFORMATION CARRIER CONTAINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION WHICH SHALL NOT BE USED, REPRODUCED OR DISCLOSEDTO THIRD PARTIES WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION BY THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS, AS APPLICABLE.
Unclassifed
UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005
JTA-3: EM-ambient site survey of industrial environments
Frank Leferink, Veronique Beauvois, Johan Catrysse
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UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
Background
The knowledge of the ambient noise is of interest in Planning and setting up wireless datacommunications (in industrial
applications) and to estimate the risk and impact of electromagnetic interference.
No (as far as known) data available on the EM ambient in industrial environments
Actions 2004/2005: Collect and compare standards Collect data from external sources Collect data via measurements
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UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
Standards
ITU-R P.372-8: Radio Noise CCIR, “World distribution and characteristics of atmospheric radio noise,”
Report 322, International Radio Consultive Committee, International Telecommunications Union, 1964
ITU-P.534 Method for calculating sporadic-E field strength CCIR, “Man-made radio noise,” Report 258-5, International Radio
Consultive Committee, International Telecommunications Union, 1990 ERC Report 69: Propagation Model CIGRE 36.04: Guide on EMC in Power Plants and Substations ITU 61 WG documents IEC 61000-2 environments CENELEC CLC/TS 50217 (2004-04): Guide for in situ measurements – In
situ measurement of Disturbance emission
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UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
Activities outside Europe
Australia: DSTO-TR-0855, A Comparison of DSTO and DERA HF Background Noise Measuring System with the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) Model Data (2000)
US: NRaD TD 2813: CCIR Report 322 Noise Variation Parameters (1995) US: NTIA Report 95-321: Broadband Spectrum Survey at Denver,
Colorado, Sanders-Lawrence, (1995) US: NTIA Report 96-330: The natural and man-made noise environment
in personal communications services bands, Spaulding (1996) US: NTIA Report 02-390, Man-Made noise measurements (2001) Japan, Radio Noise Measurements and Related Standards, Sugiura
(2003)
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UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
Activities in Europe
Belgium: Study and simulation of the ambient noise of an industrial environment for wireless communication applications, Catrysse-Rayee, Degrendele (2005)
Netherlands: Radio Noise Measurements-European harmonisation of measurement methods (2005)
Spain: Novel Procedure to Determine Statistical Functions of Impulsive Noise, Torio-Sanchez (2005)
Sweden: Measurements of Man-Made Noise at VHF, Rantakko-Lofsved-Alexandersson (2005)
UK: RA(OfCom) AY 3952: Feasibility Study into the Measurement of Man-Made Noise (2001)
UK: RA(OfCom) AY4119: Man-Made Noise Measurement Programme (2003) UK: Man-Made Noise Measurement Programme, Wagstaff-Merricks, IEE
Proc.Comm(2005) Etc. etc. etc.
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UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
Conclusion on available data
There is a limited amount of information regarding man-made noise data.
It was either recorded before digital systems were deployed It was recorded at limited bandwidths and at frequencies below
900MHz. The currently available models (ITU or other) have value but are
likely not to be sufficient for digital modulation methods. There is a need to produce models, representative of current
environmental conditions, and with appropriate bandwidths (and therefore time-resolutions) commensurate with current technology.
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UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
What is MMN
Man Made Noise (MMN): White Gaussian Noise (WGN) and Impulsive Noise (IN),
most of it is Class B noise, typically made up of very short impulses that are very wideband and are frequently man-made in origin. The class includes impulses from automotive ignition circuits, thermostats, lighting, etc.
Measurements cumbersome: fixed frequency and sampling the IF
Dedicated to establishing the noise floor for services
But results have not been used to establish the EMI limits…..
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UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
Measurements
To establish noise floor for services: fixed frequency, and measure IF (APD)
EMI: scan of whole spectrum needed Frequency spectrum:
30 Hz - 10 kHz 9 kHz - 150 kHz 150 kHz - 30 MHz 30 MHz - 1 GHz 1 GHz - 12 GHz
receiver
ADC
computer
Needed for establishing the influence of noise on specific services
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UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
Measurements
Students Clean power:
Static converter in a faraday box
Measurements performed by COST 286 members: Catrysse: Beauvois: Leferink: Batterman You????
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Noise levels in ITU P.372
0372-03
A
E (0°)
D
C
B
E (90°)F
2 5 2 5 2 5109108
1010 1011
0
10
20
30
40
– 40
– 30
– 20
– 10
t (
K)
a
FIGURE 3
Fa versus frequency (108 to 1011 Hz)
F (
dB)
a
Frequency (Hz)
(1 GHz)
2.9 10
2.9
2.9 106
2.9 105
2.9 104
2.9 103
2.9 102
2.9 10 –1
2.9 10 –2
1
ABCDE
F
: estimated median business area man-made noise: galactic noise: galactic noise (toward galactic centre with infinitely narrow beamwidth): quiet Sun (½° beamwidth directed at Sun): sky noise due to oxygen and water vapour (very narrow beam antenna);: upper curve, 0° elevation angle; lower curve, 90° elevation angle: black body (cosmic background), 2.7 K minimum noise level expected
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Noise levels in CCIR 322
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Frequency [MHz]
No
ise
Fig
ure
ab
ove
kT
B [d
B]
Atmospheric Noise Figure, Northern Hemisphere [dB]
Atmospheric Noise Figure, Atlantic Ocean [dB]
Urban Man-made Noise Figure [dB]
Suburban Man-made Noise Figure [dB]
Galactic Noise Figure [dB]
Typical Receiver Noise Figure [dB]
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UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Frequency [MHz]
Non
Con
trol
labl
e Fi
eld
Stre
ngth
s [d
BuV
/m]
Atmospheric Noise, Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Noise, Atlantic Ocean
Urban Man-made Noise Suburban Man-made
Galactic Noise Typical Receiver Noise
CCIR rep. 1963, levels converted to field strength
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UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
Measurement data
UK Ofcom Including statistics
Netherlands: 1997, 1999, 2005 Belgium
Both only 'worst case': related to upper decile
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UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
RA(OfCom) report AY 4119
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Conclusion UK study
The mean values of Fa observed during this study appear significantly higher than the median values given in [P.372]. The best explanation available for this is that the number of electronic and electrical devices has grown dramatically in the UK over the past few decades. Whilst EMC legislation has suppressed the IN emissions from automotive sources, there is a general background of WGN that is possibly caused by the incoherent summation of the radiation from hundreds of pieces of equipment. If so, then this is an important finding that should be verified by further tests.
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UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
Experiments in The Netherlands: dec 1999
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
[dBµV/m]
30M 40M 50M 70M 100M 200M 300M 400M 600M 1G [Hz]
MESYAK-BOT/F_NUL-PKLIMEN 55011 F QP 1m
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Experiments in The Netherlands: dec 1999
From a Thales report 1999:'The noise levels and resulting radiated emission levels presented in Figure 2 are based on the studies performed around 1960. Comparing these levels with our measurement results obtained in nowadays urban and suburban environments in 1997 and 1999 we can observe an increase of approximately 20dB'
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UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
Experiments on Atlantic (also industrial…): 2005
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MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005
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UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
Experiments on Atlantic (also industrial…): 2005
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Frequency [MHz]
Re
ce
ive
r n
ois
e l
ev
el
[dB
uV
]
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Experiments in The Netherlands: july 2005
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000Frequentie (MHz)
Vel
dst
erkt
e (d
BµV
/m)
Ambient 29-06-2005
Ambient 29-06-2005
Ambient 28-06-2005
Ambient 28-06-2005
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UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE
Actions: overview and status
What: When: Who: More details on the ITU-R P.372 2004 Ian Flinthoft More details on related CIGRE documents 2004 Prof. Varju More details on related ITU 61 WG documents 2004 Prof. Varju More details on related work within CENELEC SC205A (esp. WG10)
2004 Prof. John Newbury
Summary of EN 61000-2-x, ITU and other related documents
11-2004 Véronique Beauvois
Generic formulation on collecting RF ambient data in actual industrial environment and measurement procedure
4-2005 Prof. Johan Catrysse Prof. Frank Leferink
Statistical evaluation of data 4-2005 Prof. Ferran Silva Dr. Welinder
Preliminary report 11-2005 Prof. Frank Leferink Perform measurements
2005 Prof. Johan Catrysse Véronique Beauvois Prof. Frank Leferink ???
Collect data and publish 2006 ???
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