© T. M. Whitmore Today Social Geography Race & Ethnicity Religion

•Social GeographyRace & EthnicityReligion

Questions?

•R to U migration?

•Social class/income wealth

Race & Ethnicity

•Colonial legacy of population holocaust, slavery, and miscegenation

•Post-colonial migrations — much in 19th CenturyAsianEuropean

•=> complex map

Current ethnic distributions• Current spatial distributions

Afro-American (Latin Americans are “Americans,” too) Brazil Caribbean (Garifuna)

Amerindian Former high culture areas of

Mesoamerica and AndesMestizo: Mexico & CA; BrazilEuro-American: Costa Rica; Southern Cone

Garifuna

Race in Latin America

•Racial mixing – but Euro-prestige

•Racial “bleaching”

•Racism

•“Social” racesBut see TV

• Indigenismo & Négritude

Catholic Heritage I•Spanish Catholic roots

•Spiritual conquest — an integral part of the conquest of the Americas

•Legacy of Church’s history in Latin AmericaIdentified with power/economic eliteReform in form of liberation theology

=> oppression of the poor is a sin

Catholic Heritage II• Overwhelmingly people say “soy Catholico”

= “I am a Catholic” Church attendance is often lowBut presence is everywhere

• “Folk” Catholicism — merging of Roman Catholic ritual and beliefs with indigenous (Amerindian) beliefs

• Roman Catholic beliefs have merged with various African religious traditions in the Caribbean and Brazil especially

Obatala known as the parent of the Orishas and all human kind. The saint he represents is "Our lady of Mercy“

Religion: Non-Catholic

• Hindu and Islam — imported with indentured labor to Suriname, Guiana, Trinidad & Tobago mostly (but minorities in all of the Caribbean)

• Judaism — accompanied 1st migrants from Spain (conversos)

• Evangelical Protestants Protestants outlawed in

Spanish/Portuguese colonial timesVery rapid growth in past few decades~40% of Guatemala~1/3 of Brazil

Inter-Personal socio-cultural traits

• Machismo — men in control of their lives and the lives of others in their lives

• Marianismo — roughly the inverse of machismo (from the idea that the ideal woman resembles Mary in her virtue and purity)

• Role conflict (e.g., casas chicas)

• “Personalismo” — much of social, economic, indeed all life in LA depends on social/family ties & personal spheres of influence and obligation

© T. M. Whitmore Today Social Geography Race & Ethnicity Religion

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