其他保存方法 Other Preservation Methods

其他保存方法Other Preservation Methods

黃顯宗東吳大學

M202

第三部份：食品保存與微生物

教學目標

認識其他食品保存方法與微生物之關係認識發展中的食品保存方法與微生物之關係

ASEPSIS

避免微生物污染食物的天然阻隔

如 組織、表皮、硬殼等

加工的無菌操作包裝處理

Removal of Microorganisms

Filtrationjuice, soft drink, beer, wine, water

CentrifugationSedimentationWashing

High Pressure Processing

Shape, color, and nutrients of most foods are not affected.

Commercially available in Japan since the early 1990s.

Reference

Change in inactivation of Zygosaccharomyces bailii with pressure

http://www.wsu.edu/~gmhyde/433_web_pages/433Thermal-nontherm-procesg/HighHydroPressure.html

MPa Psi kg/cm2 kg/in21 145 10.19 101945.15

1個標準大氣壓等於 101,325 Pa0.101325 MPa

Control of Listeria in meat by high pressure

http://www.amif.org/AMIFResearch/1AMIpressure.pdf#search='High%20Pressure%20listeria'

D value又出現了

Response of Bacteria

Mutants resistant to high pressure were found

Stress response system stimulated

Pulsed Electric Fields, PEF

短暫高電壓的處理G ＋較 G- 耐性強，更不容易殺死孢子比營養細胞耐性強Stationary phase 比 log phase 耐性強傷害細胞膜致細胞死亡與電的強度、處理時間、處理溫度有關

Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water

是利用稀鹽水加以電解，在陽極產生具 pH 值在 2 ～ 6 之間、氧化還原電位 (oxidation reduction potential, ORP) 為 +1,000 mV 以上，含有效氯並具有殺菌特性之酸性電解水

酸性電解水，具有殺菌能力

Electrolyzed water

http://www.ewatersystems.com.au/e-water/electrolyzed-water/how-does-it-work/

電解水處理 Listeria 菌

Liu and Su, 2006

處理 E. coli, Salmonella 和 Listeria 菌

Venkitanarayanan et al., 1999

Manothermosonication

或稱為 Thermoultrasonication同時結合熱與超音波處理Effective in reducing the thermal

resistance of enzymes peroxidase, lipoxygenase and polyphenol oxidase.

Alternative Food Processing Technologies

Pulsed Light, Oscillating Magnetic Fields, Ultrasound, X-ray….

FDA http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/%7Ecomm/ift-toc.h

tml

PEF 處理 Listeria 菌Inactivation kinetics of L. innocua NCTC 11289 at different electric field strengths. Symbols: ■, 2.0 to 2.1 V/μm;   , 2.3 to 2.5 V/μm; ●, 2.7 to 3.0 V/μm;  , 3.2 to 3.5 V/μm; ■, 3.6 to 3.9 V/μm. The pH of the treatment medium was 5, the conductivity was 0.51 S/m at an inlet temperature of 40°C, and the pulse length was 3.9 μs. The inoculum contained 1.4 × 106 CFU/ml. The results are the means of data from two experiments, and standard deviations are indicated by error bars.

Wouters et al., 1999

使用 Phages

如針對 Listeria, E. coli, Salmonella 等參考文獻

細菌形成，如乳酸菌 Protein 性質 , destroyed by digestive enzymes Nontoxic Heat stable, storage stability No off-flavors or off-odors Narrow spectrum of antimicrobial activity舉例

Nisin Subtilin, against G+ bacteria, like Nisin

菌種改良

Bacteriocins

Bacteriocins-Nisin

http://ans-bv.nl/Admin/mkstats/usage_200310.html

Bacteriocins

Nisin

Subtilin

Tetracyclines

Natamycin