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© OECD/IEA 2014
© OECD/IEA 2014
Countries with a shared history
© OECD/IEA 2014
Regional trends
Implementation Challenges
Lack of Well-elaborated Policies and Regulations
Varied Trends in Market Designs
Significant Energy Resources
© OECD/IEA 2014
TPES in producing countries and Belarus
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Ukraine Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Belarus Turkmenistan Azerbaijan
Mtoe
Coal Peat Oil Natural gas Nuclear Hydro Biofuels and waste Solar, wind and geothermal*
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Kyrgyzstan Georgia Moldova Armenia Tajikistan
Mtoe
* Negligible.
Total primary energy supply
TPES in non-producing countries
© OECD/IEA 2014
Electricity generation
Generation: Larger producers
* Negligible.
0
50
100
150
200
250
Ukraine Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Belarus
TWh
Coal Oil Natural gas Nuclear Hydro Biofuels and waste Solar, wind and geothermal*
0
5
10
15
20
25
Azerbaijan Turkmenistan Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan Georgia Armenia Moldova
TWh
Smaller producers
© OECD/IEA 2014
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
toe/
1000 U
SD G
DP P
PP
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Ukraine
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Kazakhstan
Belarus
Armenia
Georgia
Tajikistan
Azerbaijan
Energy intensity (TPES/GDP) in all countries, 1990-2012
Energy intensity
© OECD/IEA 2014
Planning for the future
AMBITIOUS TARGETS ALIGNED WITH GOALS
Kazakhstan Moldova
PLANNED DEVELOPMENTS AIMED AT RELIABILITY
Belarus Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
REQUIRE ELABORATION Armenia
Kyrgyzstan REQUIRE NEW STRATEGIES
Azerbaijan Georgia
Tajikistan REQUIRE REVISION Ukraine
NEED FOR POLICY BASED ON ENERGY STATISTICS
© OECD/IEA 2014
Considerable potential
Potential for an energy transition
Energy pricing
Secondary legislation elaborating on rules for
grid integration
Vague policy
Energy efficiency Renewable Energy
© OECD/IEA 2014
Challenges and opportunities
Strategies based on data
Emergency preparedness
Strong demand
Aging infrastructure
Energy efficiency potential
Renewable energy potential
Energy markets
© OECD/IEA 2014
Recommendations – energy policy
Long term policies and comprehensive strategies
Focus on sustainability
Introduction of secondary legislation
Timely implementation of agreed policies and measures
Independence of regulators
Improved data collection and use
© OECD/IEA 2014
Recommendations – energy security
Diversify supply and export options
Decrease energy intensity
Maximise energy efficiency gains
Utilise renewable energy potential
Phase out energy related subsidies
Develop emergency response mechanisms
Promote energy technology related R&D
© OECD/IEA 2014
Recommendations - markets
Promote an open market
Enable market-driven investment
Encourage regional market developments
© OECD/IEA 2014
Recommendations – sustainable development
Upgrade or replace aging infrastructure
Establish robust energy efficiency measures and governance
Promote funding and incentive mechanisms
Ensure sound grid integration of renewables
© OECD/IEA 2014
Recommendations - investment
Maintain clear, predictable and transparent investment framework
Ensure smart investment policies and measures
Support investments into long-term sustainable development
Encourage public participation in key energy investment decisions
Promote investment in state of the art energy efficiency technology
© OECD/IEA 2014
Thank you for your attention
© OECD/IEA 2014
Reserve Slides
Regional Highlights
© OECD/IEA 2014
Regional highlights: Eastern Europe
Belarus • Publicly owned integrated system • Energy sector restructuring instigated • Stable development • Improved investment climate • Good regional integration Moldova • EU Association Agreement • Progress in harmonizing legislation under the ECT • Enhanced regulatory framework • District heating sector restructuring • Renewable energy developments
© OECD/IEA 2014
Regional highlights: Eastern Europe
Ukraine • EU Association Agreement • Energy sector challenges and opportunities
• Coal, gas, electricity and heat sectors and infrastructures • Implications to domestic, regional and international
markets • Crises management group; Demand restraint procedures
• Reshaping energy policies, attuning to new realities • Developments in regulatory structures, adjustments
to tariffs • Enhanced legal framework, large body of legislation
in place
© OECD/IEA 2014
Regional highlights: Central Asia
Kazakhstan • Clear policy directions • Ambitious goals for green economy and energy • Progress in designing functional energy market
fundamentals • Weak demand side management for efficiency gains • Ample renewables potential, slow development
Kyrgyzstan • Developments in renewables, large hydro power
remains in focus • Politicized energy pricing • Weak implementation of energy sector reforms
© OECD/IEA 2014
Regional highlights: Central Asia
Tajikistan • Focus on large hydro power developments • Improved legal framework; weak implementation • Slow progress in energy sector reforms Turkmenistan • Developments towards sustainable energy use • Focus on diversifying export markets • Downstream petroleum developments Uzbekistan • High domestic consumption • Weak demand side management for EE gains • Fertilizer and petrochemical industry developments
© OECD/IEA 2014
Regional highlights: Caucasus
Armenia • New interconnections, redesign of energy markets • Positive trends in renewable energy developments • Need for functional energy efficiency policies Azerbaijan • Focus on renewable energy developments • Need for transparent regulatory regime Georgia • EU Association Agreement; Energy Community
Treaty • Energy policies and measures remain hydro centered • Weak demand side management
© OECD/IEA 2014
Reserve Slides
Country Highlights
© OECD/IEA 2014
Country highlights: Armenia
Armenia... • relies on gas and oil imports for 75% of its total
energy supply Armenia could... • actively discuss the set-up of a regional market with
Georgia • boost implementation of its energy efficiency plan • strengthen initiatives at local and city levels on
energy savings and use of renewable energy
© OECD/IEA 2014
Country highlights: Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan... • is a net exporter of oil and gas Azerbaijan could... • expedite structural energy policy reforms toward
opening the market • introduce energy efficiency governance structure,
policies, and measures • encourage larger scale deployment of energy
efficiency and renewable technologies • develop an energy efficiency strategy
© OECD/IEA 2014
Country highlights: Belarus
Belarus... • has a fully state-owned energy sector Belarus could... • enhance the predictability of the investment climate • promote grid integration of renewable energy and
ensure the attractiveness of green tariffs • gradually phase out subsidies on energy • implement plans for energy sector restructuring
© OECD/IEA 2014
Country highlights: Georgia
Georgia... • is a stable transit country with enhanced regional
interconnections • has potential for opening of the electricity market Georgia could... • focus on large hydropower development • develop an energy strategy based on evidence • establish energy efficiency governance structure and
policies • encourage energy research, develop investments,
and promote efficiency and renewable technology deployment
© OECD/IEA 2014
Country highlights: Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan... • is the world’s leading oil producer • has clear economic and energy policy directions and
ambitious goals for a low-carbon economy Kazakhstan could... • make progress on designing functional energy
market fundamentals • maximise energy efficiency gains by co-ordinating
demand side policies • ensure stable, predictable and transparent
investment procedures • enhance energy data management and use
© OECD/IEA 2014
Country highlights: Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan... • has plentiful water resources and significant
deposits of coal Kyrgyzstan could... • reassess electricity, gas and district heating tariffs
resulting from the necessary investment in aging infrastructure
• consider incentive schemes for energy efficiency improvements
• raise public awareness on energy savings, energy efficiency gains and the real cost of electricity
© OECD/IEA 2014
Country highlights: Moldova
Moldova... • lacks energy resources and is almost entirely
dependent on imports of fossil fuels and electricity Moldova could... • enhance investment measures by encouraging a
stable and predictable regime for renewable energy • improve governance of energy efficiency policies
and measures • develop a system to collect accurate demand side
data
© OECD/IEA 2014
Country highlights: Tajikistan
Tajikistan... • is endowed with abundant water potential and is
almost exclusively reliant on hydro for electricity generation
Tajikistan could... • develop a methodology for electricity and gas tariffs • ensure coherence with key legislation, including tax,
customs and land codes • establish a government entity in charge of energy
efficiency
© OECD/IEA 2014
Country highlights: Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan... • is one of the largest gas resources holders in the
Caspian region and holds significant volumes of recoverable oil
Turkmenistan could... • develop robust policies to curb domestic demand
growth and allow for increased exports • encourage the deployment of advanced energy-
efficient technologies • develop clear, transparent and reliable mechanisms
for encouraging upstream petroleum and renewable energy investments
© OECD/IEA 2014
Country highlights: Ukraine
Ukraine... • sits at the crossroads of the European Union,
Russian Federation and Black Sea and Caspian regions
Ukraine could... • rethink short, medium, and long-term energy
strategies to account for new realities • undertake energy market reform • enhance domestic gas production • develop social protection for vulnerable customers • boost measures for energy efficiency and
development of renewable energy • develop emergency response mechanisms
© OECD/IEA 2014
Country highlights: Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan... • is rich in natural gas resources and has an economy
that has grown without recession since the 1990’s Uzbekistan could... • take aggressive action on removing energy subsidies • encourage the deployment of advanced energy
efficiency and renewable energy technologies • encourage smart investments in the country’s
conventional and alternative energy developments
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