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© 2013 Rockwell Collins All rights reserved.
Accelerating Industrial Application of Additive Manufacturing for Printed Electronics
December 3, 2013Curt Anderson, Ph.D., Rockwell CollinsJames Finn, International TechneGroup Inc.
© 2013 Rockwell Collins All rights reserved.
Contributing Organizations
2
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Introduction
• Printed Electronics (PE) is poised to become game changing Additive Manufacturing (AM) solution
• PE can augment or replace existing manufacturing steps– Reduced cost– Increased flexibility– Unique designs– Reduce waste
• Recent technology advancements enhance PE– Materials (Nano particle)– Print tools– Process tools
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Definition of Terms
• Additive Manufacturing (AM)
Mechanical or Passive Components3D Construct of a Single MaterialMechanical Requirements Define FunctionExamples: Turbine Blade, Lever, Spring, etc.
Active Components3D Construct of Multiple MaterialsCombination of Mechanical and Materials Interactions Define the FunctionExamples: Electronic Circuit, Solar Cell, Fuel Cell, etc.
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Definition of Terms
• Printed Electronics (PE)
Low Profile (2D), Planar Substrate, High VolumeGravure, Offset, FlexographicR2R on flexible substratesExamples: LED lighting, Solar Cells, Displays, etc.
Low Profile (2D), Planar Substrate, Medium VolumeScreen, Ink Jet, Needle DispenseExamples: Surface Mount, Touch panels, Underfill, etc.
High Profile (3D), Non Planar Substrates, Low VolumeAerosol Jet®, DispenseJet, Needle/Orifice DispenseExamples: Conformal Circuits, Antennas, etc.
Aerosol Jet® (AJ)
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Why AM/PE?
• Cost• SWaP• Capabilities• Customization• Uniqueness• Rapid Prototype
Ernst, J. (2011). High Volume Production of All-Printed Rewritable Memory. SemiCon West. SemiCon
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Printed Electronics Market
IDTechEx. (2011). Retrieved September 7, 2011, from IDTechEx: www.idtechex.com
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Early Defense Applications
• Antennas• Interconnects• Embedded Passives• Complex Circuitry
Plourde, R. (2011, February 10). Aerosol Jet Deposition Technology & Applications. Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA: Optomec
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PE Circuit Including Standard Components
9
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Definition of Problem
• Complex designs use CAD tools• Translation of CAD to machine print
tools is weak or non-existent– Current translation technology is
designed for subtractive tools• PE translation is complex due to
electrical, material and mechanical interactions– Example: printed resistor (what controls
the design/translation?)• Multiple print tools not supported• Standards (file format/rules) don’t
exist
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Future State Vision
• Design PE using CAD systems• Automatic translation of CAD data to AM tools• PE manufactured in-line using various tools• Supported by Industry (Easy to learn/transfer)
Hypothetical R2R manufacturing of near field communication sensors
Uwe Partsch, S. M. (2011, September 13). Materials and Applications for Aerosol Jet Printed Functional Layers. Dresden, Germany: Optomec
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CAD Translation Process Vision
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Ink Jet Versus Aerosol Jet®
13
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Script Editor Sandbox
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Design Rules
• PE design rules are different• Available electronic CAD systems follow PCB
design rules
Substrate Substrate
Standard Vertical Via Beveled Via
Metallic Conductors
PCB Design PE Design
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Demonstration of a Printed Crossover
16
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Multiple Materials• Translate multiple types of materials from CAD design• Sequencing
– Layering (i.e., similar to 3D printers)– Material dependent (sequence to specific print tool)
• Materials properties effects– Sintering temperature, solvent composition, drying time– Affected by print speed, co-solvents, pressure– Targeted electrical properties
Frisbie, C. D. (2012, May). New Materials for Printed Polymer Electronics. Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota
Printed Transistors
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Example: Conductive Materials Properties
• Wide range of conductivity• Resultant conductivity
– Affected by dispense or print method
– Affected by post print processing
• Vendor variation• Lot to lot variation• Intellectual property
constraints
18
Source: NanoMas Technologies, Inc
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Filling Algorithms and Symbol Library
• Fill patterns impact the electrical performance of a printed component.
• Symbol library used to advance the CAD translation to machine code
Panhalkar, et al., “A Novel Additive Manufacturing File Format For Printed Electronics”, Proceedings of the ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, IMECE2013, Nov. 13-21, 2013, San Diego, CA USA
© 2013 Rockwell Collins All rights reserved.
Motion Control Programming
• Available CAD motion control languages have subtractive manufacturing concepts.
• PE require additive manufacturing concepts
• Standard File Format as an intermediate data neutral prior to machine code generation
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Adaptive Pattern Matching
• Printing surface can warp, twist, stretch (+/-) and bend with part-to-part rotation.
• Optical pattern recognition and adaptive on- the-fly print adjustments
Design Rotation Stretch (+) Skew
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Sustainability (Subtractive Versus Additive)
22
• Direct write reduces the number of process steps
• Less waste– Uses high percentage of
material– Removal of steps that
generate large amounts of waste (developing/etching/plating)
• Less toxicity in waste– Plating waste– Etchants
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Other Considerations
• Technology Transfer – Course work– PEOS (on-line, open
source)
• Training Centers
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Summary
• A team was formed to accelerate the additive manufacturing of printed electronics
• A future state vision was created• Translation of CAD to machine code was identified as a major
deficiency in the current technology state• The team is proposing and executing research to advance the
CAD to machine code translation technology
24
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Contact InformtionContact information
Jim Finn – International TechneGroup Inc. - Jim.Finn@iti-global.com
Mike O’Reilly – Optomec, Inc. – moreilly@optomec.com
Curtis Anderson - Rockwell Collins – cwanders@rockwellcollins.com
Dennis Thompson – SCRA – dennis.thompson@scra.org
Susan Moehring – TechSolve, Inc. – moehring@techsolve.org
Sam Anand – University of Cincinnati – anands@ucmail.uc.edu
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