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40 OSIA Standards & Technology Review
OSIA S & TR
1.
. 1992 Tom Caudell
,
[1] .
Paul Milgram 1994
(Reality) (Virtuality) (Continuum) ,
(Augmented reality), (Augmented virtuality)
[2]. 1997
Ronald Azuma 3
. , . ,
. , 3 [3]. Azuma
Milgram
,
.
(Google) .
Google trends [4] 2009
, [5]
1) 2010
1)
| ,
| ,
Paul Milgram 1994 (Reality) (Virtuality)
(Continuum) ,
(Augmented reality), (Augmented
virtuality)
41
04
,
.
(AppStore)
.
.
,
.
.
(Gartner) (Hype Cycle)
2008 (10 )
2009
(5 10 ) [6].
.
2.
2.1
2004 .
, (Inertial Tracking),
(Magnetic Tracking), (Acoustic Tracking), GPS (Optical Tracking)
(Hybrid) [7].
| | Google trends ( : Augmented reality, virtual reality) [4]
- 2 -
(Gartner) (Hype Cycle) 2008 (10 ) 2009 (5 10 ) [6]. .
Google trends ( : Augmented reality, virtual reality) [4]
2.
2.1
2004 . , (Inertial Tracking), (Magnetic Tracking), (Acoustic Tracking), GPS (Optical Tracking) (Hybrid) [7]. , . , ISMAR(International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality) . 2008 Mark Billinghurst ISMAR 10 10 , [8].
Mark Billinghurst 10 , , , [8]. (jitter) (drift) [8]. (Tangible) (collaborative)
42 OSIA Standards & Technology Review
OSIA S & TR
,
.
,
ISMAR(International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality)
. 2008
Mark Billinghurst ISMAR 10 10
, [8].
Mark Billinghurst 10
, ,
, [8].
(jitter) (drift)
[8].
(Tangible) (collaborative) .
See-through HMD(Head Mounted Display) (Projection-based)
PC, UMPC(Ultra-Mobile PC), PDA (Handheld) [8].
, [8]. 2008
Mark Billinghurst
, [9].
2009 (CAMAR: Context-Aware Mobile Augmented Reality)
[10-11].
(Customizing)
[10], (ubiquitous
augmentation), , .
[11]. (Challenges)
, ,
, (intelligent visualization), ,
(mediation) , ,
[11].
2.2
2009
43
04
. Juniper research 2009
. 5(
, GPS, , (Tilt sensor), (Digital compass))
[12] Nokia, Apple, HTC
,
[12]. Juniper research
, 7 [12].
.
SERI KT
, (, /), (, )
(, /)
(GPS ) () [13-14].
[13-14].
.
,
.
3.
2009 .
.
,
, .
3.1
Azuma [3]
. 2007 Georg Klein
PTAM (Parallel Tracking And Mapping)
[15], 2009 iPhone SLAM(Simultaneous
44 OSIA Standards & Technology Review
OSIA S & TR
Localization And Mapping) [16].
[17, 24].
(Encoding) [17, 24]. PC SLAM
.
2008 Wagner , Wagner
(20Hz) 6DOF (Markerless) . Wagner
SIFT (Scale-Invariant
Feature Transform) Fern [18]. Kimberly Spreen
ARhrrrr! ,
NVIDIA Tegra (Kit) Concorde fast GPU
GPU . (Natural
feature tracking)
[19].
3.2
. A. Kruger
(Projection AR)
[20]. C. Woodward
| | () iPhone() SLAM[15-16] () [17, 24]
- 4 -
. , .
3.
2009 . . , , .
3.1
Azuma [3] . 2007 Georg Klein PTAM (Parallel Tracking And Mapping) [15], 2009 iPhone SLAM(Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) [16]. [17, 24]. (Encoding) [17, 24]. PC SLAM .
() iPhone() SLAM[15-16] () [17, 24]
2008 Wagner , Wagner (20Hz) 6DOF (Markerless) . Wagner SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) Fern [18]. Kimberly Spreen ARhrrrr! , NVIDIA Tegra (Kit) Concorde fast GPU GPU
| | (ARhrrrr!) [19]
- 5 -
. (Natural feature tracking) [19].
(ARhrrrr!) [19]
3.2
. A. Kruger (Projection AR) [20]. C. Woodward , , [21]. S. Feiner (Prototype) AR street view [22]. S. Feiner , , GPS (User interface) [22]. , , [23]. .
[20], [21], [22] [23]
3.3
2.1 (Challenges) . , ,
45
04
,
,
[21]. S. Feiner (Prototype)
AR street view [22]. S. Feiner
, , GPS
(User interface) [22]. ,
,
[23]. .
3.3
2.1 (Challenges)
.
, ,
[24]. , , ,
N95, M480, M490 [24].
, [24-25],
.
[17, 24]. (Agent)
.
(Mashup) [24, 26].
(Pose) ,
[24].
, ,
[24, 27].
| | [20], [21], [22] [23]
- 5 -
. (Natural feature tracking) [19].
(ARhrrrr!) [19]
3.2
. A. Kruger (Projection AR) [20]. C. Woodward , , [21]. S. Feiner (Prototype) AR street view [22]. S. Feiner , , GPS (User interface) [22]. , , [23]. .
[20], [21], [22] [23]
3.3
2.1 (Challenges) . , ,
46 OSIA Standards & Technology Review
OSIA S & TR
4.
.
. , , .
,
(Concept) .
LBS(Location-based service)
.
(Wearable computing) , 1993 Fitzmaurice
GPS (Compass) [28] , 1997 Steve Feiner
AR Touring Machine [29] .
15 .
15 .
, (Vision)
, 11 1999 ( SIFT [30])
.
3 [18-19], 1 ~ 2
.
(Hybrid)
| |
- 6 -
[24]. , , , N95, M480, M490 [24]. , [24-25], . [17, 24]. (Agent) . (Mashup) [24, 26]. (Pose) , [24]. , , [24, 27].
4.
. . , , . , (Concept) .
LBS(Location-based service) . (Wearable computing) , 1993 Fitzmaurice GPS (Compass) [28] , 1997 Steve Feiner AR Touring Machine [29]
47
04
. [24-
27] .
. [24]
, [17]
[25]
. (Tagging) [27]
.
[26] ,
.
,
.
. ,
(Protocol) [31]
.
.
(Hype cycle) .
IT (Gartner)
SPRXMobile [32] Augmented Reality Hype Cycle
(Hype Cycle). LBS
(Pseudo AR) ,
(Markerless)
. 2D
| | () ()
- 7 -
. 15 . 15 . , (Vision) , 11 1999 ( SIFT [30]) . 3 [18-19], 1 ~ 2 . (Hybrid) . [24-27] .
. [24] , [17] [25] . (Tagging) [27] . [26] , .
() ()
, . . , (Protocol) [31] . .
48 OSIA Standards & Technology Review
OSIA S & TR
3D 3D
.
(Viewer)
.
,
.
3D
.
5.
,
.
()
.
, .
| | (Hype Cycle)
- 8 -
(Hype cycle) .
IT (Gartner) SPRXMobile [32] Augmented Reality Hype Cycle (Hype Cycle). LBS (Pseudo AR) , (Markerless) . 2D 3D 3D . (Viewer) . , . 3D .
(Hype Cycle)
5.
, . () .
49
04
,
.
15 ,
11 .
,
,
. , //
U- ,
(In-situ)
.
[1] T. P. Caudell, and D. W. Mizell, Augmented Reality: An Application of Heads-Up Display
Technology to Manual Manufacturing Processes, Proceedings of 1992 IEEE Hawaii International
Conference on Systems Sciences, pp 659-669, 1992.
[2] P. Milgram and F. Kishino, "Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays", IEICE Transactions on
Information and Systems, pp. 1321-1329, 1994.
[3] R. Azuma, A Survey of Augmented Reality, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments,
pp. 355385, 1997.
[4] Google Trends, http://google.com/trends/ (accessed March. 20. 2010).
[5] I. Sutherland, A Head-Mounted Three Dimensional Display, Proceedings of Fall Joint Computer
Conference, pp. 757-764, 1968.
[6] Gartner, http://www.gartner.com/ (accessed March. 20. 2010).
[7] , , , , Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 29-40, 2004.
[8] F. Zhou, H. B. Duh and M. Billinghurst, Trends in Augmented Reality Tracking, Interaction and
Display: A Review of Ten Years of ISMAR, IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented
Reality, pp. 193-202, 2008.
[9] , , , , Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 5-14,
2008.
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OSIA S & TR
[10] S. Oh and W. Woo, CAMAR: Context-aware Mobile Augmented Reality in Smart Space,
International Workshop on Ubiquitous Virtual Reality, pp. 48-51, 2009.
[11] C. Shin, W. Lee, Y. Suh, H. Yoon, Y. Lee and W. Woo, CAMAR 2.0: Future Direction of Context-
Aware Mobile Augmented Reality, International Symposium on Ubiquitous Virtual Reality 2009,
pp. 21-24, 2009.
[12] W. Holden, Whitepaper: Mobile Augmented Reality ~ A Whole New World, Juniper Research,
November, 2009.
[13] , , SERI , 46, 2010 3.
[14] KT, (Augmented Reality) Mobile
, DigiEco Issue Report, 20094.
[15] G. Klein and D. Murray, Parallel tracking and mapping for small ar workspaces, Proceedings of
6th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2007), pp.
225-234, 2007.
[16] SLAM on iPhone, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBI5HwitBX4 (accessed March. 20. 2010).
[17] W. Lee and W. Woo, Real-time Color Correction for Marker-based Augmented Reality
Applications, International Workshop on Ubiquitous Virtual Reality 2009, pp. 32-25, 2009.
[18] D. Wagner, G. Reitmayr, A. Mulloni, T. Drummond and D. Schmalstieg, Pose tracking from natural
features on mobile phones, Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed
and Augmented Reality, 2008 (ISMAR 2008), pp. 125-134, 2008.
[19] ARhrrrr!, http://www.augmentedenvironments.org/lab/research/handheld-ar/arhrrrr/ (accessed
March. 20. 2010).
[20] J. Schning, M. Rohs, S. Kratz, M. Lchtefeld and A. Krger, Map Torchlight: a Mobile
Augmented Reality Camera Projector Unit, In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference
Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems(SIGCHI 2009), pp. 3841-3846,
2009.
[21] T. Harviainen, O. Korkalo and C. Woodward, Camera-based Interactions for Augmented Reality,
Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (ACE 2009), Vol. pp. 307-310, 2009.
[22] Y. Tokusho and S. Feiner, Prototyping an Outdoor Mobile Augmented Reality Street View
Application, IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 2009.
[23] , , ,
: , 2010. (Accepted for publication)
51
04
[24] , , , , , , , , , CAMAR 2.0:
, SK Telecommunication Review, Vo. 19, No. 6, pp. 860-876, 2009.
[25] Y. Oh and W. Woo, , HCI, pp. 312-
314, 2010.
[26] H. Yoon and W. Woo, CAMAR Mashup: Empowering End-user Participation in U-VR
Environment, International Symposium on Ubiquitous Virtual Reality 2009, pp. 33-36, 2009.
[27] H. Kim and W. Woo, Real and Virtual Worlds Linkage through Cloud-Mobile Convergence,
Workshop on Cloud-Mobile Convergence for Virtual Reality (CMCVR10), March 20, 2010.
(Accepted for publication)
[28] G. W. Fitzmaurice, "Situated Information Spaces and Spatially Aware Palmtop Computers,
Communications of the ACM, Special Issue on Computer Augmented Environments: Back to the
Real World, vol. 36, issue 7, pp. 39-49, 1993.
[29] S. Feiner, B. MacIntyre, T. Hllerer and A. Webster, A Touring Machine: Prototyping 3D Mobile
Augmented Reality Systems for Exploring the Urban Environment, Proceedings of First IEEE
International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC '97), pp 7481. 1997.
[30] D. G. Lowe, Object Recognition from Local Scale-invariant Features," Proceedings of the
International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 11501157, 1999.
[31] H. R. Schmidtke and W. Woo, Towards ontology-based formal verification methods for context
aware systems, Pervasive 2009, pp. 309-326, 2009.
[32] SPRXMobile, http://www.sprxmobile.com/ (accessed March. 20. 2010).
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