The Ability to Bestow Confidence and Stimulate New Ideas

ANDEAN PASTVolume 9

2009

Editors

MONICA BARNES

Brazos Valley Museum of Natural History

and

DANIEL H. SANDWEISS

University of Maine

Graphics Editor

DAVID FLEMING

Associate Editor

RUTH ANNE PHILLIPS

With a special contribution by

HEATHER LECHTMAN

andFREDA YANCY WOLF DE ROMERO

Editorial Advisory Board

RICHARD L. BURGER

Yale University

THOMAS F. LYNCH

Brazos Valley Museum of Natural Historyand Texas A&M University

MICHAEL E. MOSELEY

University of Florida

JAMES B. RICHARDSON IIIUniversity of Pittsburgh

Copyright 2009 by the Cornell University Latin American Studies Program

ISSN 1055-08756

ANDEAN PAST is a peer-reviewed, numbered publication series dedicated to research in thearchaeology and ethnohistory of Western South America. Current research reports, obituaries, andautobiographies are subject to editorial review only. Although Andean Past focuses on precolumbiantimes, it includes articles on the colonial period that enhance understanding of indigenous culturesbefore 1492. ANDEAN PAST encourages data-based submissions, contributions to the history ofAndean archaeology, papers grounded in environmental archaeology, fresh interpretations supportedby accompanying data, interim and field reports, and the publication of short documents. Weemphasize high quality grayscale photographs and black-and-white line illustrations.

The Cornell Latin American Studies Program is the publishing institution for ANDEAN PAST.Copyright for Andean Past resides with Cornell LASP on behalf of the editors unless a specificportion, for example, an illustration, is noted as copyrighted by another party. Authors may re-publish their Andean Past articles, obituaries, or reports, in English or in translation, in print, or inelectronic format, provided that at least one year has elapsed since the original publication in AndeanPast as defined by the date on the Editor’s Preface, that prior publication in Andean Past is indicatedin the republication, that Cornell LASP’s copyright is acknowledged, and that the editors of AndeanPast are notified of the republication. If a portion of an article is copyrighted by a third party, authorsmust request specific written permission from that party to republish. This includes on-line postingsin electronic format.

Orders should be addressed to: Latin American Studies Program, 190 Uris Hall, Cornell University,Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A.; telephone (607) 255-3345, fax (607) 255-8989, email:jc949@einaudi.cornell.edu

Inquiries and manuscripts submitted for future volumes should be sent to:

Monica Barnes377 Rector Place, Apartment 3CNew York, New York 10280

Telephone (212) 945-0535, cell phone (917) 992-5880, e-mail: monica@andeanpast.org

Cover: Workmen restore the Huánuco Pampa ushnu platform as directed by John Victor Murra andGordon Hadden (1966). Photograph courtesy of the Anthropology Division, American Museum of NaturalHistory.

ANDEAN PAST

Volume 92009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Editor’s Preface by Monica Barnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v-xii

SPECIAL MEMORIAL SECTION: JOHN VICTOR MURRA - INTELLECTUAL, SCHOLAR, TEACHER, AND MENTOR

John Victor Murra (August 24, 1916 - October 16, 2006): An Interpretative Biographyby Monica Barnes with a Bibliography of Works by and about John Victor Murracompiled by David Block and Monica Barnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-63

John Victor Murra: A Mentor to Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-85

Introduction by Heather Lechtman and Freda Yancy Wolf de Romero . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Anthropology Is My Village by Heather Lechtman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66-68

Mentors as Intellectual Parents by Freda Yancy Wolf de Romero . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69-72

An Extraordinary Teacher Who Taught All the Time by Patricia Netherly . . . . . 72-73

Kicking Off a New Perspective in Ethnohistory by Ana María Lorandi . . . . . . . . 73-75

The Ability to Bestow Confidence and Stimulate New Ideas by Victoria Castro . 75-77

The Green Patchwork Paper by Rolena Adorno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77-79

Do Anthropology the Way Poets Write Poetry by Inge Maria Harman . . . . . . . . 80-82

Eight Thousand Solutions to the Same Problem by Silvia Palomeque . . . . . . . . . 82-85

“Kinsmen Resurrected”: John Victor Murra and the History of Anthropologyby Frank Solomon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87-102

GENERAL CONTENT

Costanza Di Capua Di Capua (December 17, 1912 - May 5, 2008)by Karen Olsen Bruhns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103-107

Reconstruction of the Burial Offering at Punkuríin the Nepeña Valley of Peru’s North-Central Coast by Víctor Falcón Huayta . . . . . . 109-129

An Analysis of the Isabelita Rock Engraving and Its Archaeological Context,Callejón de Huaylas, Peru by Víctor Manuel Ponte Rosalino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131-175

Strange Harvest: A Discussion of Sacrifice and Missing Body Partson the North Coast of Peru by Catherine M. Gaither, Jonathan Bethard,Jonathan Kent, Víctor Vásquez Sánchez, Teresa Rosales Tham, and Richard Busch . . . 177-194

A Design Analysis of Moche Fineline Sherds from the Archaeological Site of Galindo,Moche Valley, Peru by Gregory D. Lockard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195-228

More than Meets the Eye: A Study of Two Nasca Motifs by Ana Nieves . . . . . . . . . . 229-247

Early Cotton Network Knotted in Colored Patterns by Grace Katterman . . . . . . . . . . 249-275

Climate, Agricultural Strategies, and Sustainability in the Precolumbian Andesby Charles R. Ortloff and Michael E. Moseley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277-304

Experiences with the Institute of Andean Research 1941-42 and 1946 by Gordon R. Willey.With an Introduction by Richard E. Daggett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305-316

CURRENT RESEARCH

Archaeological Investigations at Antumpa (Jujuy): Contributions to the Characterization ofthe Early Ceramic Period in the Humahuaca Region by Juan B. Leoni . . . . . . . . . . . . 317-322

San Pedro de Atacama by Carolina Agüero, Mauricio Uribe, and Carlos Carrasco . . . . 323-328

Tarapacá Region by Mauricio Uribe, Leonor Adán, Carolina Agüero,Cora Moragas, and Flora Viches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329-335

New Archaeological and Rock Art Projects in Bolivia by Matthias Strecker,Freddy Taboada, and Claudia Rivera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336-339

Exchange at Chavín de Huántar: Insights from Shell Databy Matthew P. Sayre and Natali Luisa López Aldave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340-345

La Forteleza at Ollantaytambo by J. Lee Hollowell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346-351

Addresses of Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353-354

Advice to Contributors to Andean Past . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355-357

75 - John V. Murra: A Mentor to Women

road when I was just 31 years old and could re-orientate myself thanks to this great teacher ofteachers.

Translated from the Spanish by Monica Barnes

REFERENCES CITED

Cardich, Augusto1975 Agricultores y pastores en Lauricocha y límites

superiores del cultivo. Revista del Museo Nacional41:11-36 (Lima).

Duviols, Pierre1973 Huari y Llacuaz: Agricultores y pastores: Un

dualismo prehispánico de oposición y comple-mentariedad. Revista de Museo Nacional 39: 95-117 (Lima).

Lorandi, Ana María1977 Arqueología y etnohistoria: Hacia una visión

totalizadora del Mundo Andino. In Obra delcentenario del Museo de La Plata, Volume 2, pp.27-50. La Plata, Argentina: Facultad de CienciasNaturales y Museo.

1978 Les horizons andines: Critique d’un modèle.Annales: Economie, Societé, Civilization 33(5-6):921-926. Special issue edited by JacquesRevel, John Victor Murra, and Nathan Wachtel.

1986 Horizons in Andean Archaeology. In Anthro-pological History of Andean Polities, edited by JohnVictor Murra, Nathan Wachtel, and JacquesRevel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Pressand Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences del’Homme.

Murra, John Victor1972 El Control vertical de un máximo de pisos ecoló-

gicos en la economía de las sociedades andinas.In Visita de la provincia de León de Huánuco en1562 by Iñigo Ortiz de Zúñiga, edited by John V.Murra, Volume 2, Visita de los Yacha y mitmaq-kuna cuzqueños encomendados en Juan SanchezFalcon, transcribed by Felipe Márquez Abanto,pp. 427-476. Huánuco, Perú: Universidad Na-cional Hermilio Valdizán, Facultad de Letras yEducación, Series Documentos para la Historiay Etnología de Huánuco y la Selva Central.

Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, María1974 Pescadores, artesanos y mercaderes costeños en

el Perú prehispánico. Revista del Museo Nacional41:311-349.

THE ABILITY TO BESTOW CONFIDENCE AND

STIMULATE NEW IDEAS

VICTORIA CASTRO

Santiago de Chile

No one can doubt John Murra’s ability tobestow confidence and stimulate new ideasamong his students. The notable thing aboutthis surprising relationship is that he neverdiscriminated in this form of instructionbetween men and women. He simplyappreciated the modesty, talent, and honesty ofpeople.

I first met John Murra in 1971 when I wasan anthropology student. On the occasion ofthe Congress of Archaeology we receivedvisitors at the University of Chile and I wasdazzled by two teachers, John Victor Murra andLuis Guillermo Lumbreras.1 Both embodied adynamic notion of history, and of the Andeanworld, for sure. Their commitment to work leftan indelible imprint on me, and also significantlymarked my path in life, as a graduate student, asa teacher, and as a researcher, up to the present.

The summer school course which Johntaught at the University of Chile in January1984 included an analysis of the possibilities ofthe comparative method, the topic of exchange,the new work of Nathan Wachtel2 in Cocha-bamba, Bolivia on the collca or storehouses ofthe Inca, along with criticism of Murra’s ownwork, and the inculcation of the necessity tostudy and republish documents continuously.Among the themes to which he called ourattention was the miracle of the potato,ethnological advances, and work in nativelanguages up to and including recent Andean

1 Editors’ note: for Lumbreras, see Barnes, this volume,note 90.

2 Editors’ note: for Wachtel see Lorandi, note 1.

ANDEAN PAST 9 (2009) - 76

ethno-astronomy, to say nothing of his closestspecialities such as changes in, and theexpansion of, Tawantinsuyu; weavers andpotters; coca fields; and mullu or Spondylus shell.

When I presented him with the proposal formy master’s thesis, directed by Rolando Mellafeat the University of Chile he commented to me:

“. . . The thesis project. I will tell you thatthe plan of study seems to me to be only afirst approximation . . . But, you also haveto tell yourself that I have never studiedreligious phenomena, and I don’t feelprepared, on one hand, but on the otherhand, the fact is that these themes attractme. I have had many debates with [Pierre]Duviols3 on the theme to the point that hebelieves that I must occupy myself with it,an area in which I know very well that Idon’t have any sensibilities and I don’ttouch such themes. I was reared in anatmosphere in which the anti-clericalstruggle was a fundamental element, andthis has left psychological roots, althoughnot intellectual ones.

Now I know through the reading of somany old papers that there was always animportant struggle involving the priestsand friars of the first century and a half ofthe colonial occupation . . . I believe thatthis isn’t reflected in your project. Eventhough we don’t have direct data on theAndean population, we can focus on thereflection of what happens in theecclesiastical literature” (Murra, personalcommunication, 25 February 1986).4

During the course of my research, on a visitto Santiago, I gave him the work to read, and sothat he could comment upon the first chapter ofthis thesis, in which, to some extent, I hadconsidered his suggestions. Eleven years later hewrote from Madrid, “Congratulations on havingfinished the thesis! And it’s 530 pages!” Whoelse could have shared the joy, although I haddelayed eleven years in finishing Huaccamuchay: Evangelización y religión andina en Char-cas, Atacama colonial (Huaca Worship: Evangeli-zation and Andean Religion in Charcas, ColonialAtacama).

At some point I sent him a work on terraces,a small article in a scientific journal, and hewrote to me that,

This is a theme which merits a great dealof attention . . . One of the agreeablethings about Creces is seeing your name asan author identified with the Universidadde Chile” (personal communication, 12May 1988).5

At this time we were still under militarygovernment and any kind of stability wasdifficult.

3 Editors’ note: for Duviols see Barnes, this volume, note54.

4 “. . . el proyecto de tesis. Te diré que el programa meparece sólo un primer bosquejo. . . Pero también tienesque darte cuenta que yo nunca he estudiado fenómenosreligiosos, ya que no me siento preparado, por un lado,

pero por otro el hecho es que me atraen estos temas. ConDuviols he tenido muchos debates sobre el tema ya que elcree que yo tengo que ocuparme, donde yo se muy biendonde no tengo sensibilidad y no toco tales temas. He sidocriado dentro de un ambiente donde la lucha anti-clericalera elemento fundamental y esto ha dejado raícespsicológicas aunque no intelectuales.

Ahora sé que la lectura de tantos papeles viejos quesiempre hubo una lucha importante involucrando lossacerdotes y frailes del primer siglo y medio de la ocupa-ción colonial–creo que esto no está reflejado en tu proyec-to. Ya que no tenemos datos directos de la poblaciónandina, tenemos que fijarnos en el reflejo de lo que pasabaen la literatura eclesiástica.”

5 Es un tema que merece mucha atención. . . una de lasreflexiones agradables de Creces es ver tu nombre comoautora identificado con la Universidad de Chile.

77 - John V. Murra: A Mentor to Women

He never stopped thanking me for so muchcare and effort expended on the transcription ofthe audio tapes of the interviews which latergave form to Nispa Ninchis. My fellow editorsCarlos Aldunate and Jorge Hidalgo and Ioverwhelmed him with our questions during astay which we shared with John for this purposein Zapallar, on the Chilean coast. During thelong process of correcting these transcriptionsJohn demonstrated infinite patience and I, aftera while, learned many things. John’s repliesnever ceased surprising us. In personal terms,like so many of us, in some way he made you aparticipant in his decisions and sought youropinions while relating various situations.

His correspondence provided, at the sametime, lessons on the world and, especially, onpeople. He stimulated and pleased with his veryspecial manner of teaching. However, withoutdoubt the strongest aspect was thedemonstration that he believed in you and yourwork, something which was not merelyintellectual, but also involved you completely asa human being. Ever since 1983, when helistened to, and commented on, our work on thealtiplano origins of the Toconce Phase (1300-1450 A.D.; Castro et al.1984), he showed us hisinterest and approval. His opinions created inme a solid confidence in the work we weredoing, as well as in my intuitions, and, alongwith that, a very powerful tie of friendship andtrust.

I will never forget how he spoke aboutwomen he admired. For example he said thatHeather Lechtman was “an extraordinaryperson with much imagination” (personalcommunication, 1977). This was praise I heardhim deliver in many forms– towards hisextraordinary friend and doctor Lola Hoffman,6

and about the affection and loyalty of FredaWolf and AnaMaría Soldi.7

Murra solidified my holistic comprehensionof the Andean world, and of history, and gaveme the certainty that by combining the separatetactics of anthropology, archaeology, ethno-history, and ethnography one could increase theenormous complexity of its unique culturalhistory.

Translated from the Spanish by Monica Barnes

REFERENCE CITED

Castro, Victoria, Carlos Aldunate, and José Berenguer1984 Origenes altiplanicos de la fase Toconce. Estudios

Atacameños 7:209-235.

THE GREEN PATCHWORK PAPER

ROLENA ADORNO

New Haven, Connecticut

As I reflect on the role that John Murraplayed in the development of my intellectualand professional academic life, I focus on thelessons I learned from him as a teacher. Murrawas perhaps the most exciting professor I had ingraduate school, but we got off to a rocky start.Having decided in 1972 that I wanted toconcentrate on colonial Spanish Americanliterature as my field of specialization in thedoctoral program in Romance Studies, Spanish,at Cornell University, I was advised by faculty inmy department to take a course or two onAndean ethnohistory and civilization fromProfessor Murra. So I went to his office atadvising time, taking my turn among thestudents lined up to see him. When I introducedmyself and told him that I was interested in

6 Editors’ note: Lola Hoffman (d. 1988) was a psychoana-lyst who treated both Murra and his friend the Peruviannovelist, essayist, poet and anthropologist, José María

Arguedas.

7 Editors’ note: for AnaMaría Soldi, see Barnes, thisvolume, note 67.