ACHARYA'S N R V SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

ACHARYA’S N R V SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE(AFFILIATED TO VTU, BELAGAVI, ACCREDITED BY COA, AICTE, NEW DELHI)

Acharya Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Road, Acharya PO, Bangalore-560 107, India

VISHVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY“Jnana Sangama”, Belagavi 590018

Thesis

Architectural Design Project

2016-2017

“REJUVENATION OF SHIVARAPATNA”In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree

Bachelor of ArchitectureSubmitted by

IQRA AIMEN

1AA13AT046

PROF. RAMAKRISHNA B

CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that this is a bonafide record of the

Architectural Design Project completed by Ms. IQRA AIMEN

of 8th Semester, B. ARCH, USN 1AA13AT046 on project titled

“REJUVENATION OF SHIVARAPATNA”

This has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of B.ARCH awarded by VTU,

Belagavi during the year 2016-2017.

Prof. _________________

Acharya’s NRV School Of Architecture

Prof. _____________________

Thesis Guide: Ramakrishna B

Acharya’s NRV School Of Architecture

External Examiner 1 External Examiner 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO CONTENT PG.NO

1. INTRODUCTION2. VILLAGE PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE3. RURAL TOURISM4. LITERATURE STUDY5. CASE STUDY6. SITE ANALYSIS 417. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 488. STANDARDS AND BYE-LAWS 549. AREA REQUIREMENTS 6010. CONCEPTUAL PLANNING 6111. ZONING AND BUBBLE DIAGRAM 6712. MASTERPLAN 7113. TOURIST BLOCK 7414. COMMUNITY CENTER 7715. MARKET AND PARK 8016. ACCOMODATION 8317. BIBLIOGRAPHY 86

INTRODUCTION

The aim of the thesis is roughly divided into two parts. One is to promote the indian art and culture and the second is the development of the rural village in which a dying art form is being practiced.

The first aim of the thesis is to create a center which will create an environment that will be educating the public on the indigenous traditions and at the same time will bridge the gap between the craftsmen and the purchaser, giving better opportunity to the artisan/ craftsman for marketing.

The indian art and craft makes india a famous tourist destination. People love to shop in india for the variety it provides in art and craft. Every region has it unique creative art and craft.

The main aim is to create a space for recreation and interaction, where the general masses can come, see the displayed art form, interact with the artists and get informed in the general sense of the word about the art and the artists currently practicing it.

Hence the artisans development is necessary and has been selected as the cornerstone of this thesis project.

To establish a center for the preservation and promotion of traditional performing and visual arts. Various art-forms in the traditional idiom will also be promoted as part of the center cultural programmers.

To establish, equip and maintain schools, auditorium, libraries, archives, museums, studios, workshops and other facilities necessary to fulfill the above objectives and provide recreational facilities.

To create an environment for the preservation of the traditional crafts which are fast dying due to the onslaught of industrial products. In the pursuit of this aim, it would further be necessary to establish a direct contact between the craftsmen and the buyer by removing the middleman.

The second aim of the project is to develop a village by using the principles of rural tourism.

To provide the village with basic living standards and making it into a self sustainable and self sufficient village.

Why India’s rural development is important for the nation?

India lives in its villages, and while the cities have grown immensely over the last 20 years, rural areas have not seen that kind of development.

For India’s economy to be strong, the rural economy needs to grow. Rural areas are still plagued by problems of malnourishment, illiteracy, unemployment and lack of basic infrastructure like schools, colleges, hospitals, sanitation, etc. This has led to youth moving out of villages to work in cities.

This could be compared to the brain drain from India to US. Our villages need to grow in tandem with cities and standard of life has to improve there for inclusive growth to happen. If rural India is poor, India is poor.

POVERTY IN INDIAN VILLAGES

India lives in many generations, and visiting rural areas very easily shows that they lag behind cities by decades. While we have latest services and products available in our cities now, villagers are still coping with age old products. It is easy to see the rising disconnect between cities and villages.

Some examples are – While we have international fully air conditioned schools in our cities, the schools in villages still don’t have benches and chairs, leave alone computers.

We have a huge shortage of teachers in rural areas, and the school drop out rate is huge. In cities, we have wide roads, flyovers and underpasses while many villages still don’t have proper roads. Urban-rural road links can play a vital role in rural growth.

Employment opportunities are hardly there in villages which forces youth to move to cities creating imbalance in the ecosystem and leaving the villages deprived.

While we may have numerous hospitals, nursing homes and medical facilities in cities, villages neither have health awareness nor health facilities. See the condition of major hospitals like AIIMS to know how many villagers have to flock to cities for even basic treatments.

Indian villages and their problems

The government has identified 15 basic amenities to enhance quality of life in villages. It has asked gram panchayats (GPs) to make all these facilities available to the people. These include drinking water, playgrounds and open-air theatres.

The move is aimed at arresting the migration of rural people towards urban areas. In a circular issued last week, the Rural Development and Panchayat Raj (RDPR) Department said of the 6.11 crore population of Karnataka, nearly 61 per cent live in rural areas. There are 59,532 habitats and 27,397 villages within 5,629 GPs.

There are 30 districts in karnataka

• Lack of sanitation

• Lack of water supply

• No proper supply of

electricity

• Lack of good infrastructures

• Lack of education

• Less employment

opportunities

• Standard of living is very

• No recreational amenities

A Village Development Plan (VDP) is a plan outlining the desired developments - according to the

inhabitants – for the quality of life within the village and in the immediate surroundings.

A VDP: Identifies issues affecting the community: – social, environmental and economic. It’s a

statement about how a community sees itself developing over the next few years and what actions are

needed to realise that vision.

Village planning and architecture

In the past, human settlements, both in rural and urban areas, had grown in an evolutionary manner. In this century, the forces of industrial development have accelerated the growth rate of urban settlements. This raises organized efforts for planned development of urban areas.

Nowadays, urban planning paradigms have been coterminous with the paradigms for industrial development. As a consequence, the present urban planning principles and techniques being applied to the development of human settlements have little impact on rural settlements which are, by definition, agricultural in nature.

Whatever organized effort has been made to develop the built environment of rural settlements (villages and hamlets) the emphasis has been on providing a downgraded version of urban services; like metalled roads, electric supply, piped water supply, and urban-style buildings to meet the requirements of dwellings, schools, and other community facilities. Villagers have found it hard to make satisfactory use of these efforts at ‘planned development’. Furthermore, these facilities cannot be properly maintained on account of their inappropriateness, leading to a huge loss to the national exchequer.

Rural settlement planning needs to be approached from a fresh viewpoint. The built environment of villages has a much closer relationship with the natural cycles of climate, topography, and materials than is the case with cities. Building construction in rural areas is also affected by the availability of skilled artisans. Building artisans from rural areas have been migrating in large numbers to cities to look for more lucrative work. It is very clear that unless the present conditions relating to building development in rural areas are reformulated, there will be continued degradation of the rural built environment which will inevitably lead to social dysfunction as well.

Rural settlements require the application of specialized expertise as much as cities do. The planning and design of roads, drains, sewerage, water supply, electrification, telecommunication, and other infrastructural services needs to be oriented specifically for rural conditions. The materials and construction techniques appropriate to patterns of village life need to be clearly studied and optimized

Rural tourism

Tourism growth potential can be harnessed as a strategy for Rural Development. The development of a strong platform around the concept of Rural Tourism is definitely useful for a country like India, where almost 74% of the population resides in its 7 million villages.

Across the world the trends of industrialization and development have had an urban centric approach. Alongside, the stresses of urban lifestyles have led to a “counter urbanization” syndrome. This has led to growing interest in the rural areas.

At the same time this trend of urbanization has led to falling income levels, lesser job opportunities in the total areas leading to an urbanization syndrome in the rural areas. Rural Tourism is one of the few activities which can provide a solution to these problems. Besides, there are other factors which are shifting the trend towards rural tourism like increasing levels of awareness, growing interest in heritage and culture and improved accessibility, and environmental consciousness.

In the developed countries, this has resulted in a new style of tourism of visiting village settings to experience and live a relaxed and healthy lifestyle. This concept has taken the shape of a formal kind of Rural Tourism. Under this Scheme, thrust will be to promote village tourism as the primary tourism product to spread tourism and its socio-economic benefits to rural and its new geographic regions. Key geographic regions would be identified for development and promotion of Rural Tourism.

The implementation would be done through a convergence committee headed by the district collector. Activities like improving the environment, hygiene, infrastructure etc. would be eligible for assistance. Apart from providing financial assistance the focus would be to tap the resources available under different schemes of department of rural development, state governments and other concerned departments of the govt. of India

Indians believe in holidays: The country has among the largest number of public holidays in the world. Yet the most common reason for getting away is to “visit a native place.” Migrant workers return to their family farms at harvest time. Others return to their villages (and extended families) for an annual pilgrimage. The concept of a holiday where you let your hair down and relax has been accepted only in recent years.

The idea of rural tourism is, therefore, a bit of a puzzle for many Indians. They go back to their village every year; why should they pay good money to go to some other village? Rustic charms hold greater appeal for foreign tourists. Concerted government and travel industry efforts to sell India abroad with campaigns such as “Incredible India” began only this decade, but rural tourism as a product is still evolving.

Just what is rural tourism? The government has taken a broad view. “Any form of tourism that showcases rural life, art, culture and heritage at rural locations, thereby benefiting the local community economically and socially as well as enabling interaction between the tourists and the locals for a more enriching tourism experience, can be termed as rural tourism,” says a Ministry of Tourism policy paper. “Rural tourism is essentially an activity which takes place in the countryside. It is multifaceted and may entail farm/agricultural tourism, cultural tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism and ecotourism. As against conventional tourism, rural tourism has certain typical characteristics: It is experience-oriented; the locations are sparsely populated; it is predominantly in natural environments; it meshes with seasonality and local events; and it is based on the preservation of culture, heritage and traditions.”

Not everyone applies such a broad definition. Ecotourism — which concerns itself with the preservation of the environment while offering the best to tourists — is more fashionable these days. And some in government and the tourism industry would like to focus on ecotourism rather than rural tourism, which could have a down-market, rough-it-out connotation. “Ecotourism and rural tourism are not exactly the same but can be clubbed together for greater benefits,” says Md. Jawaid, a former minister in the eastern state of Bihar who has promoted the website ecotourismindia.com. “This is just an information site now,” Jawaid says. “It is a small effort on my part to promote tourism in the rural areas of India. But we have big plans. The potential is huge.”

Rajesh K. Aithal, assistant professor of marketing at the Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow, has another definition. “Rural tourism is a form of tourism in which the guests get to enjoy the unique culture of village life through participation in events, or experiencing the local cuisine, or buying ethnic goods, and in the process also improve the welfare of the local people.

• The Project’s employment potential focuses on low-income rural communities, women, unemployed youth and disadvantaged groups. This also conforms to the two themes prioritized by the Government for the United Nations Development Assistance Framework during 2003-2007: gender equality and strengthening of decentralization.

• Targeted at both the domestic and international visitor, this alternative model supports the Rural Tourism objectives of the National Tourism Policy. It runs alongside conventional tourism models with the rural poor being the target beneficiaries.

• The Endogenous Tourism Project thus aims at developing strong community-private partnerships. As part of UNDP’s Sustainable Livelihoods theme, the Endogenous Tourism approach will initiate and build upon community-level initiatives to address issues of poverty. By group mobilization, built around locally owned income-generating activities, the Project will also attempt up gradation of skills and open up access to credit and resource support.

• The new tourism models promoted by the Endogenous Tourism Project will be community-owned, culturally expressive and environmentally sustainable. The Project will thereby develop a new Indian brand of tourism based on the rural lifestyle experience.

• The initiative aims to enable the local community to introduce visitors to their art and craft, culture and natural heritage.

• Hodka is one of the 31 villages in India that is hosting a new tourism experience – where tourists will be hosted by an artisan community. Shaam-e-Sarhad is a tourist camp, built, owned, and managed by the Hodka community. Tourism could enable the community to improve the quality of their life by creating more livelihood options while also enabling them to conserve and further develop their unique culture.

Architecture

Mud, or, to be more colloquial, Maati, is the essential material to which every Kutchi in Banni relates to. Centuries of experience have given the people of Banni mastery over maati and their Bhunga (circular hut) demonstrates a deep understanding of the ecological, social and aesthetic features of architecture.

The thick maati (Mud) walls, which keep the interior cool during the hot Kutchi summers and warm in the cold desert winters, terminate in conical roofs made of thatch. The roof protects the walls which are adorned beautifully with colorful geometric and floral patterns also created from hand shaped maati.

Women use earth colors to paint the different motifs and create mud-mirror work designs (LippanKaam ) to decorate the exterior and interior walls of the Bhunga.

The traditional Bhunga is an engineering wonder. This sturdy structure has been known to withstand severe winds and seismic activity because of its circular design and tough mud plaster.

Kamarpukur

As we all know that the tourism potential of Bengal is vast and varied. The state has no doubt has plenty to offer in terms of religious, cultural and wild life tourists Terracotta and Textile. Apart from these, the state is having lot to offer to the tourists in terms of handicrafts, textiles, art forms etc.

Major Handicrafts, fairs and Festivals of Kamarpukur

The Kamarpukur heritage of handicraft is legendary The exquisite texture of Baluchari Sarees, Silk and Tasar Textile.

Besides the garment materials, jute products, wood and cane products, conch-shell products, brass wares and folk dolls and handicrafts belonging to different schools of art as Dokra art etc.

The major fares and festivals of Kamarpukur includes the GangaSagar Mela- South 24 pargana, Pausa Mela-Shantiniketan., Jabder Kenduli/Baul Mela, Pathor Chapri-Dargha, Krishna Sayer Mela-Burdwan, Durga puja, Kali puja etc.

The state Government has also announced that each 18 districts head quarter will organize utshav to promote their culture, tradition and handicraft. Apart from that the state government also organizes different leather exhibition, book exhibitions, and Industrial exhibition to attract a large bunch of domestic as well as foreign tourist.

Methodology:

The data for the proposed study has been collected from both primary as well as secondary sources. The primary data has been collected in form questionnaire to the tourists in form of in-depth interviews.. The interviews were formal and directed by pre structured questions. One questionnaire was formulated to collect the information regarding their family size and no. of family members working in tourism related services, problem in occupation, income, health, land pricing, impact of tourism in their livelihood, financial support, cultural benefits, health and hygiene views on rural tourism development in their region etc

Kamarpukur: Physical Setting

Tourism Infrustructural Facilities:

At Kamarpukur the whole Population is maintained by various beliefs and faiths. The place, particularly and around this places this unique religious atmosphere, which has its cultural heritage uniqueness. The villages of Kamarpukur, they are of opinion that tourism industry is an economic source is lucrative. The local people during the festival of Sri Ramakrishna‘s birthday mela & during Durga puja earn cash a lot.

Math takes initiatives every year during those festive occasions.

The local population as well as domestic and international tourists visit Kamarpukur on these occasions not only to enjoy the religious activities in rural environment but also to have a taste of Cultural heritage of this tourist destination.This provides an opportunity to local people to display and sell their handiwork to the tourists with a view to earning their livelihood.

In order to accommodate the tourists for their brief stay at Kamarpukur, Ramakrishna Mission runs two guesthouses. There are private hotels and restaurants at Kamarpukur, who take care of a large number of tourists. Because of seasonal tourism, local people get the scope to earn more through the supply of food, providing transport facility and selling their handiwork to the tourists.

Ramakrishna Mission possess to relatively big two guesthouses for Pilgrims who wishes to spend their spiritual holidays for a few days. For accommodation one requires to contact the Math Authority for booking and reservation. There are three, four and five bedded rooms with or without attached baths.

Side by side, some private lodge, hotels and restaurant also build near by the math and around Kamarpukurwhen overcrowd at the time of celebration tourist stay such lodge cum hotels. An a impact of tourism it has been observed that tea stall, fast-food centre, rickshaw puller, STD shops, sweet shop owner etc are benefits due to tourist inflow and as a result they are able to earn a lot of cash from tourists. At the time of Prayer KamarpukurMission authorities provide tourist police for maintaining discipline.

Van Rickshaw, Rickshaw and rental Car available for sight seen. Medical facilities also provide in the emergency case. Besides there are other facilities like Medical aid, medicine shops, laundry facility, banking services and Travel agents available to fulfill tourists‘ needs. With regard to tourism, Kamarpukur faced with two-fold problems.

On the one hand due to lack of infra-structural facilities as indicated in the above table, tourists visiting the place during two particular occasions do not get adequate facilities for accommodation on the other hand, during the rest of the year due to lack of tourists, neither the Government, nor RK Mission nor private investors are interested to develop boarding, lodging and other infra-structural facilities at Kamarpukur.

Tourist Interest of Kamarpukur:

The primary interest of the tourist to visit in and around Kamarpukur with the beauty of nature and evergreen atmosphere as well as spiritual refreshment.

The Ancestral Home of Ramakrishna.

Sri Ramakrishna’s Living room: - Sri Ramakrishna is living room is presently an integral part of the temple.SriRamakrishna used to stay in south facing hut situated at the western side of the premises which is presently being used as a part of Shrine Ramakrishna.

The temple of Sri Raghuvira : This also was previously a small hut facing east. It has floor and walls of mud and a roof of straw, The present temple has been constructed exactly on the same spot with the same dimension.

The Parlor & the Mango Tree : The Wooden door leading to the house is still preserved in its old place. The mango tree planted by Sri Ramakrishna stands to the east of the parlor and still yields fruit.

Yogi’s Siva Temple

The Primary School

The school was held in the spacious natmandir in front of Sri Durga Temple of Lahas house. Gadadhar also joined this School at the age of five. In a short time he learnt to read and write, but soon his interest flagged off and he developed a tendency to get merged in ecstatic moods at the sight of beautiful scenery or at the contemplation of particular deities.

Palace of Manik Raja

JAYRAMBATI : in the district of Bankura is the birth place of Holy Mother Sri Sarada Devi. It stands at the junction of the district of Bankura and Hooghly, and is about 5 km in the west of Kamarpukrr. This birth place of holy mother is full of sweet memories of Sri Ramakrishna. Many a time the Master went there and stayed few days with the simple village folk.

Cycle Ride : For an authentic meaningful experiences both national and international tourist who comes to explore the Mural village there is an ideal way to refresh by cycling tour.

Bullock Cart : People in and around Kamarpukur depend their livelihood on agriculture. An idea of Bullock Cart riding by tourist and visit the hinterland of Kamarpukur and Jayrambait rewording a unique travel of countryside.

Shilp mela and fishing

S= STRENGTHS

Rich & Spectacular rural physical setting for rural tourism

Rich quality of natural environment

Rich History, Heritage, Handicraft

Rich variety of festive occasion and celebration throughout the year

Maximum level of tourist satisfaction Transportation overall satisfactory

W= WEAKNESSES

Kamarpukur is far from main urban area

Most of the cultural ritual demolished

Lack of trained guide

Lack of promotional strategy

Low level of sanitation

O= OPPORTUNITIES

Increasing tourism allied activities

Motivate more alternative employment and income generation

Capturing floating tourist & increased number of stay

Attracting attention foreign tourists

Development of allied tourism direct involvement activities

T= THREATS

Saturation of local cultural heritage exposes

Political disturbance

Migrate / Shift another profession

Increase land price

Impact of Tourism on Socio Economic Conditions :

• The economy of in and around Kamarpukur is very poor. The majority of the population lives below

the BPL. But there have a unique traditional way of life, heritage culture, and folklore, handicraft that

has a great prospect to uplift the economy.

• Day by day awareness of tourism activity it is very significant in the recent century that tourism activity

plays a catalyst for economic growth. Rural tourism impact at Kamarpukur the local people is fortunate

to enjoy some infrastructural facilities.

• Due to continuous flow of tourist in and around Kamarpukur round the year leads to changes in the

Socio Cultural livelihood which uplifts the Rural Development as well as local Socio Economic

Condition. Some Rural Developmental Project organized which make mark an impact on local and

around the community of Kamarpukur :-

• Jute Handicraft Unit

• Weaving Project Unit

• Mini Jute Spinning Unit

• Food Processing Unit

LITERATURE STUDY

1) Mubarakpur:

Mubarakpur, the village of weavers, is known for making pure silk Banarsi sarees with zari work. The village reportedly has a population of one lakh. Ninety percent of the working population is stated to be engaged in the task of weaving sarees of pure silk and zari. Altogether, there are about 20,000 families of weavers in Mubarakpur. Thus, this village as well as certain nearby villages are known as weavers’ villages. We were told that there was practically no agricultural activity or any other service in the village for earning a living.

The section of the village visited by the RHD Team had pucca houses and was densely populated. This section also had pucca roads. The team interacted with a group of weavers and was told that the weavers of Mubarakpur were only working on handlooms although in nearby villages weavers had adopted power looms too. The villagers of Mubarakpur however, continued to use handlooms as the quality of weaving on hand looms is superior to that on power looms. It was further stated that in any case, power looms could not be used on account of woeful lack of electricity. About 4,000 sarees are produced daily in Mubarakpur.

The state of education and health facilities is bad in Mubarakpur. There is no college in Mubarakpur after Intermediate. The Health Centre set up by the government have only one or two doctors. There are no maternity facilities or even a lady doctor in the area. The Health Centre doesn’t have medicines in stock. The residents of Mubarakpur have to go to Azamgarh for treatment for any ailment. It was expressed that they would very much welcome any steps to improve the standard of education and health in the area.

The problems plaguing handloom

industry is another major concern as

the art of weaving Benarsi sarees is

gradually becoming extinct, primarily

because of decline in demand as

cheaper options are available in the

market. The sarees with synthetic mix

and those woven on power looms

were produced en masse and cost

much less. On the other hand, silk

yarn and zari had become

increasingly expensive.

The ITRHD propose to facilitate

research and development efforts for

weavers, along with developing

overall infrastructure for the residents RESULTS:

Now there are pre-primary to secondary school and arts ,

engineering, medicine, management and polytechnic

colleges.

Healthcare centres of all types have been introduced

nearby.( clinics, kids , maternity, allopathic and

dispenceries)

Pucca roads are made, footpaths are also available and

water bounded macadam was made.

A bank and an atm was provided.

Postal service was also introduced.

Nutrition centre is available now.

Sports field was provided nearby.

Public distribution system shop is available

Self help group is also available in mubarakpur.

2) POCHAMPALLY

State : Andhra Pradesh

Location : Pochampally

Project Name: Development of Pochampally as a Rural Tourist Destination.

Activity/Craft: Handloom & Ikkats (Cotton & Silk Saris)

District Portrait:

Nalgonda District is situated in the Southern part of the Telangana Region in Andhra Pradesh covering an area of 14,217 Sq. Kms. The District is bordered by Medak and Warangal districts in the North, Guntur and Mahbubnagar districts in the South, Khammam and Krishna districts in the East while the districts of Mahbubnagar and Ranga Reddy lie in the West. The major industries are on Silk, Leather, Cotton, Sugar, Jaggery and Cement. Handloom is one of the main clusters in Nalgonda.

About Pochampally :

Pochampally is a small town in Nalgonda district in Andhra Pradesh, today renowned worldwide for its beautiful weaves; this handloom cluster is known for its very unique Ikkat design for centuries. It has about 5000 weavers who weave the handloom with traditional design called Ikkat. Pochampally is the place where threads and colours find their way into the hands of skillful weavers and head to the market as beautiful saris and dress material. It is the most typical weaving village in Nalgonda District of Andhra Pradesh.

Software Components:

1. Mapping the creating reality of livelihoods situation.

2. Preparation of business plans.

3. Livelihood enhancement.

Pochampally weave is popularly known as ikkat or tie and dye weave. The uniqueness lies in the transfer of design and coloring onto warp and weft threads first and then weaves them together. The fabric is cotton, silk and sico - a mix of silk and cotton. Increasingly, the colours themselves are from natural sources and their blends. Pochampally has traditional looms, whose design is more than a century-old. Today this Silk City is home to more than 10000 weaving families in 100 villages.

Crafts/Activities in the District ( Handlooms & Ikkat) :

Wooden crafts of Bhongir, Brass ware of Chanduru, Textiles of Koyyalagudem, Puttapaka and Pochampalli are the main handicraft of the district. The Pochampalli textiles are made using the tie and dye technique of yarn. Different colored yarns are woven into geometrical designs. Dress materials, saris and home-furnishings are also made in these designs.

Organization/Implementing Agency for Hardware:

1. Directorate of Tourism (Govt. of Andhra Pradesh)

2. The Secretary (Tourism), (Govt. of Andhra Pradesh)

Year of Completion of Hardware: 2007

Implementing Agency Details:

1. Directorate of Tourism (Govt. of Andhra Pradesh,Hyderabad) took care of the Hardware work. Contrucition work was done by local contractor at that time on the basis of tenders.

Hardware components:

1. Construction of Information centre.

2. Textile Bazaar

3. Weavers’ resource center

Status of Implementation:

1. Information centre, Open auditorium, Rooms, Restaurant, textile bazaar & weavers resource center have been constructed

2. At present all amenities are in good condition

3. This place looks like a resort complete with boating facility but it is not in function due to low turnout of tourists

4. The facility/hardware part is currently maintained by APTDC

5. Textile bazaar has not been opened till now (shops have not been distributed yet)

6. Transportation problem exists for reaching Pochampalli, especially for individual tourists

7. Only information centre & weavers resource center is functioning currently

8. Restaurant has also not been opened till now.

9. All handloom related products are available in Hyderabad on competitive prices, therefore tourists are not interested to visit that place

10. This complex is being used for marriage/party purpose (rent is paid for the same)

3) SRIKALAHASTI

Artisans covered:

30 kalamkari artisans and 30 wood work artisans are the primary beneficiaries of this rural tourism project. These 60 artisans have undergone training ass part of the implementation of the software part of the project.

Software Components:

1. Baseline survey in the project area and assessment of the needs.

2. Socio-economic assessment & benchmarking.

3. Community empowerment.

4. Skill development of Kalamkari & wood carving for 60 Persons.

5. Design & technical development.

6. Workshops on sharing implementation process, marketing, designing & development.

7. National/ State fairs/ festivals/melas

8. Publicity

9. Margin money support to artisans

10. Health package insurance for craft persons

Status of Implementation:

1. Baseline survey was done in the project area and assessment of the needs was also conducted.

2. The implementing agency formed 3 SHG of Wood carving Artisans, federated the groups under the name of Srikalahasthi wood carving artisan network.

3. Skill development training given to 30 Kalamkari Artisans & 30 wood carving artisans.

4. Made the Artisans to participate in outside exhibitions/melas/fairs by providing travel, accommodation, food to gain their knowledge of marketing & price fixing.

5. At that time health fund also provided to the artisans.

6. Provided health package insurance for craft persons.

7. Developed Community empowerment by publicizing their products in the print media at that time.

8. Margin money support to artisans.

9. But after that programme completion, DRDA has also done lot of work in this site.

10. Particularly for the rural tourism project the artisans have not received any benefit due to short period of programme.

11. Due to State govt. policy and initiation the artisans are being benefitted & it has improved socio economic condition.

12. Quality of products has improved due to the training programme and exposure to other markets and melas.

13. Srikalahasthi is a historical place so day to day tourist flow is increasing, but it cannot be ascertained whether the rural tourism project initiatives has

Perception about the Rural Tourism Project: The artisans are not satisfied with the

time frame of the project & selection process & training quality. As per discussion

with the concerned implementing agency, they received this work at the last point of

time in this project; hence they could complete only 40% of the total work. Overall

satisfaction level on part of beneficiaries and also on part of the implementing agency

is low. Artisans from the neighboring areas who practice kalamkari and wood work are

not aware about this project.

CASE STUDY

1) JANAPADHA LOKA

INTRODUCTION:

Nagegowda was the founder of `Janapada Loka' which is one of the wonders in the 20th century history of Karnataka.

Janapada Loka or "Folk(arts) world" is an institution that is dedicated to preserving and propagating the rural folk culture of Karnataka.

It is situated in Ramanagara district on the Bangalore-Mysore highway.

It is set up on a 15-acre (61,000 m2) plot where rural milieus from Karnataka have been recreated on a sprawling 15 acres of land full of greenery.

It is the fruit of his hard work dedication and organizing ability and was inaugurated on 12th March 1994. It has grown into a very significant folk cultural centre in the country and is a hub of Folk cultural activities.

It also houses a wide array of rural artifacts depicting the essence of folk literature, music, dance, festivals, sculpture and lifestyle.

FORM AND FUNCTION . It shows the culture of karnataka and a folk life. The form tries to catch the attention of public from the folk style entrance gate The form merges with the environment in a formal style, concept of a hut. .The whole atmosphere makes the visitors feel one with the nature Cultural context Rural landscape A massive main door 'Mahadwara' Though Circular in form,interior display area is in linear form. Breaks the concentration Continuous pathway gains interest from public.A grinding stone with a woman grinding is a befitting icon to the place

Lokamata Mandira a museum of items from the daily life of village people

chitra kuteera which reflects the achievement and struggle of the founder etc

Doddamane, a big house for the artists built in traditional rural style with pillars and an open courtyard in the centre

Loka Mahal a two storeyed building where more than 5000 Janapada articles are collected and preserved scientifically, A place for the memorial stones, where the stones tell their own story

Ayagarara Mala, Lokapriya Maha Ganapathi temple where Lord Ganesha is ever ready to bless the visitors, a colossal open air theatre in Greek style with a capacity to seat 600 persons, boat club and playground for children are other attractions of Janapada loka .

The space required for the service depends on the activity.

PUBLIC – office, rooms for meeting, library, documentations. – same block.

PRIVATE – services, technical plan, store rooms, workshops, electrical apparatus convenient distance from the building for safety.

ANNEXES – 50% of the total space available

01- Mahadwara02- Open air theatre03- Lokanivas04- Saraswati mandir05- Loka sarovara06- Lokamata mandir07- Chitra kuteera08- Open air performance area09- Lokamahal10- Chariot11- Temple12- Playarea13- Lokasiri14- Kinnari15- Mantapa16- Doddamane17- Shops18- Reception19- hotel

FORM AND FUNCTION . It shows the culture of karnataka and a folk life. The form tries to catch the attention of public from the folk style entrance gate The form merges with the environment in a formal style, concept of a hut. .The whole atmosphere makes the visitors feel one with the nature Cultural context Rural landscape A massive main door 'Mahadwara' Though Circular in form,interior display area is in linear form. Breaks the concentration Continuous pathway gains interest from public.

A grinding stone with a woman grinding is a befitting icon to the place

Lokamata Mandira a museum of items from the daily life of village people

chitra kuteera which reflects the achievement and struggle of the founder etc

Doddamane, a big house for the artists built in traditional rural style with pillars and an open courtyard in the centre

Loka Mahal a two storeyed building where more than 5000 Janapada articles are collected and preserved scientifically, A place for the memorial stones, where the stones tell their own story

Ayagarara Mala, Lokapriya Maha Ganapathi temple where Lord Ganesha is ever ready to bless the visitors, a colossal open air theatre in Greek style with a capacity to seat 600 persons, boat club and playground for children are other attractions of Janapada loka .

The space required for the service depends on the activity.

PUBLIC – office, rooms for meeting, library, documentations. – same block.

PRIVATE – services, technical plan, store rooms, workshops, electrical apparatus convenient distance from the building for safety.

ANNEXES – 50% of the total space available

COMPONENTS OF JAANAPADA LOKA:

The museum provides an opportunity for rural artisans, musicians and craftspeople to showcase their art and provides a platform for marketing these works of art.

Books, DVDs and CDs relating to folk arts are also sold at the Information Center.

The Janapada Loka campus consists of a decorated gate, a short road with display of mannequins of folk artists, symbols of traditional tribal worship, Lokamatha Mandira, Loka Mahal, Chitra Kuteera, JanapadaLibrary, Shilamala, Ayagaramala, puppet theater, open air theater and Loka Sarovara or lake

ENTRANCE:

The entry gate to the museum gives an impressive greeting to the visitors. It has brass trumpets on the two pillars of the gate hoisted with "Harige" and Nandidwajas (flags of Nandi). The front face of the gate's leaves have images of Shiva and Vishnu embossed on them, which are cult figures of worship. The gate leads to the Lok Mata Mandira, which is the information centre of the museum. There is a flock of pet swans roaming around here.

FOLK ARTS MUSEUM:

The main area of interest in the Janapada Loka is the folk arts museum, which displays large number of artifactsof the folk culture, along with different types of musical instruments, tools used in agriculture and farming. The shadow puppets on display are 500 years old.

The first museum building in the complex is the Lokamatha Mandira where exhibits consist of various types of rural household items and agricultural tools. Right at the entrance to this building there is a very large grinding stone, which used to be operated by two buffaloes, and was put to use during marriage celebrations.

The household items of daily use by rural folk on display are cooking vessels, jars to store pickles, salt containers and serving utensils made of stone, wood and mud. Brass and copper vessels used for worship, tools and tackles used for harvesting and climbing trees to pluck coconuts and areca nuts, large sized pots made of mud used for storing grains, old hand-looms are also exhibited here.

The paintings in this museum hall are made from natural colours and these were part of marriage decorations in tribal houses; which is still a prevalent practice among many tribes, particularly pertain to the work culture of tribal women.

LOKA MAHAL:

Loka Mahal has a display of 5,000 folk artifacts. This wing of the museum is a double storied building, which has a profusion of exhibits of large dolls of artists who perform the folk dances of Moodalapaya Yakshagana and also of Garudi. Garudi dolls are carried by people in ceremonial dance processions to the accompaniment of drums. Also on display are life-size images of Kodava couples in their traditional attire and traditional ornaments and jewellery. Puppets made of leather from Nagamangala, used for puppetry shows, a popular art form in some regions of the state, are exhibited. Chau Masks of eastern India are also displayed.

CHITRA KUTEERA:

Chitra Kuteera commemorates the museum's founder H L Nage Gowda. Here displays are with photographs of his work and his interaction with the tribal people and folk tribes to collect information on artifacts for exhibiting in the museum. Exhibits here also relate to other folk artistes of the state. Pictures of different folk art forms are also exhibited.

DODDAMANE:

It serves the purpose of guest house for the artists.

JANAPADA LIBRARY:

It has fairly large collection of books, which are used for research. The library is also part of the institution run by the museum since 1999, which offers Janapada Diploma and Janapada Certificate Course under the authority of the Bangalore University.

SHILAMALA:

Shilamala or "Shilpamaala" (stone memorials) is a sculpture yard where many ancient stone sculptures, said to belong to 800 AD, brought from different places in the state are displayed; some of the notable sculptures are: "veera-kallu", "masti kallu", and images of gods which are all well arranged before a temple dedicated to Ganesha.

AYAGARAMALA:

is an open yard where the exhibits relate to pottery, cottage industries, machinery for sugarcane crushing and oil extraction, a "bullock cart", and a wooden chariot used in temple processions. A puppet theater is part of the establishment with space to seat 50 people. A large open air theater is laid out in the shape of a Greek amphitheater where 1000 people could be seated.

OFFICE:

Office is located far of from the galleries It is necessary to have an office betweeen the galleries Open Air Theatre

OPEN AIR THEATRE :

Made in greek style

capacity for 800 people Doddamane: Built in traditional Karnataka rural style architecture

this is the hub for workshops, seminars, and also provided lodging facility to artists.

FESTIVAL:

At the Janapada Loka cultural events related to folk culture are a regular feature every year. Some important festivals celebrated here, every year, are the Lokotsava (February–March), the dassera in October and the Kite Festival in July.

Lokotsava, a two-day event, is the keenly awaited of all the festivals where folk artists from all regions of Karnataka take part. It happens during February–March every year. It was also proposed to promote folk arts of the state by honouring 100 folk artists, during 2015, with a cash prize and citation.

CIRCULATION: 1m 0.9m Lokamatha mandira Space varies according to the size of he object Implements and large clothes displayed on the wall. Less space is used.

LIGHTING: Natural Lighting from above creates a spiritual feeling on the sculpture Day light is the best means of lighting the museum Slits provided are small. Light is being blocked by the walls for the paintings and its illuminated using artificial lighting .

Natural lighting can cause glare.so it can be avoided using a solid wall. Artificial lighting is sometimes required to know the details Requires more light to highlight the colours.

STRUCTURAL DETAILS and economic context :

oUse of columns with octagonal beam which is used as a function for display.

oRcc is used for the roofing.

oClay tiles could be used to make cost effective and time consuming- economic context

o No function Should have used voids or windows Columns function as a display area Roof height is just 1.5m makes in comfort.

oRoof height minimum 2.5m 1.5m

oUse of low cost materials-bricks clay tiles.

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE:

Experiences a very favorable weather throughout the year. The warmest month in Bangalore is April and the coldest month is January. The climate is basically dry tropical savanna climate.

Materials- bricks,cement

Environment surrounding the museum is lush green with small huts. So the form of the building merges with the environment and climate.

To create a rural life style local materials are to be used.Clay tiles to blend with the environment. Bricks are the best and local material which suits the environment.

MERITS

Made good use of natural light.

Use of locally available material.

Uniformity in design seen throughout

Artificial lighting used to reduce glare, where required

Well display of artifacts , pictures and sculptures.

Low cost construction

DEMERITS

In chitrakuteera aisle in the centre should be avoided as this the best place for a view.

Very few number of shops.

No rest rooms for the artists coming from different parts of Karnataka

One small auditorium , which cannot accomdate many people

2) SHILPARAMAM:

The gates of an estalishement down the Madhapur road are decorated with the large-sized artistic terracotta horses that lead to a village with festive looking precincts. This is Shilparamam, the crafts village of Hyderabad

Shilparamam is spread over 50 acres of land nestling by the hillside with natural slopes and wild vegetation studded by unique rock formations. The land was granted to the South Zone Cultural Center by the Government of Andhra Pradesh for the development of an idyllic rural setting. The efforts of modern landscape architecture inspired by rustic aesthetics-brick structures with thatched roof, walls decorated with traditional rangoli motifs-create an authentic village locale.

The village was conceived with an idea to create an environment for the preservation of traditional crafts. A festival celebrated at Shilparamam is a "reincarnation of arts and crafts" when artifacts, related functional skills and supportive traditions are presented in a manner connecting the boundaries between theatre, crafts, music, dance, poetry-each complementing the other.

SHILPARAMAM at Hyderabad spread in an area of 65 acres was established in the year 1992 for promotion and preservation of Arts & Crafts.

SHILPARAMAM is registered as Shilparamam Arts, Crafts & Cultural Society (A Government of T.S. Society) in the year 2001 with the following administrative setup.

Governing Body under the Chairmanship of Honorable Chief Minister of

T.S. Executive Body under the Chairmanship of Chief Secretary, Govt. of T.S.

Shilparamam has around 250 stalls for exhibition cum sale of Handicrafts &

Handloom products throughout the year.

Shilparamam conducts regular cultural programs on weekends and Festivals

based on Indian Classical / Folk Music & Dance.

Shilparamam has a “Craft Training Centre” which conducts regular training

classes & Exhibitions in various fields of Classical Music, Dance and Crafts.

Shilparamam has many recreational facilities for the visitors such as Rural Museum, Boating lake, Landscaped gardens & Food courts.

• Shilparamam conducts Special Craft Melas during the following periods in every year.

All India Crafts Mela from 15 th to 31 st December.

All India Saree Mela during Dussera Holidays.

Shilparamam conducts Special workshops such as Unity in Diversity during

summer holidays for the scholarship holders of CCRT.

Cyber tower

Motorola new building

LOCATION

CLIMATE AND SURROUNDING-The climate of Hyderabad remains fairly warm through most parts of the year and does not receive much rainfall in the monsoon. During the summer months, the temperature raise up to 42° C while in winters the minimum temperature may come down to as low as 12° C.HITEC City stands for the Hyderabad Information Technology Engineering Consultancy City. The high potential structures coming up in Madhapur area. Front of the site covered aprivate open space, on right a grand cyber building. Shilparamam, a contrast in time and substance to the Cyber Towers.

CONCEPT OF THE PROJECT-

For promotion and preservation of arts & craft.

To showcase ethnic architecture

Shilparamam is spread over land nestling by the hillside with natural slopes and

wild vegetation studded by unique rock formations.

The efforts of modern landscape architecture inspired by rustic aesthetics-brick structures with

thatched roof, walls decorated with traditional rangoli motifs-create an authentic village locale.

The village was conceived with an idea to create an environment for the

preservation of traditional crafts.

The craftsmen have set up shops, more than 450 of them, decorated in simple and rustic styles to

sell the goods they make from textiles to artifacts and knick-knacks.

The shops and most of the structures here are representative of rural aesthetics manifesting in

thatched roofs, rangoli-carpeted floors and folk frescos and murals.

MAJOR ATTRACTIONS:

AMPHITHEATRE:

A major attraction is the amphitheater where rural and urban artistes meet and interact through workshops, seminars and festivals. Renowned classical dancers and music maestros as well as young artistes come here from all over the country to perform.

Folk performances by artistes from the interiors of Andhra Pradesh provide an opportunity to the urban audience to experience the nuances of rural life and culture. Dances like the Koya of the hunting class; Dhimsa, the mild and gentle dance of women; Dappulu, a dance with simple percussion instruments; VeeraNatyam, the arduous dance with acrobatic skills and a dozen more are performed.

GRAMEENA(FOOD COURT)-It is a pure vegetarian restaurant with an ethnic feel.

SAMPRADAYA VEDIKA-It is multifunctional hall provided for the family functions like marriages etcWith the capacity of 2,500 people.

KONASEEMA- A picturesque lakeside setting for private parties for between 150 and 200 people. It is a replica of the lushdelta of coastal Andhra Pradesh. An coconut trees which give nice feeling of coastal area.

PRAKRUTI RAGA(ROCK MUSEUM)-It is scenic rock garden that draws people seeking peace &relaxation. This garden has many exhibits in the natural rock formations, for each formation of rock they had given a name of various animals, birds etc.

RURAL MUSEUM-This museum designed in a typical Indian village . Over 15 life-size huts, authentically constructed out of backed clay and thatch, depict rural or tribal lifestyles and the life of various artisans. It provides a window to rural life for city dwellers and those who have never visited a village before.

LANDSCAPE FEATURES-Implication of the graphics & sinages systems is done throughout the site. MAIN LAWN-The hitec city is dominated by tall concrete structures, the green lawns in complex are a welcome change for everyone. This lawn dotted by ethnic motifs, terracotta Sculptures. The main lawn is also being the centre stage of action for performing folk art form, or nomadic tribal.

MOUNTAIN HEIGHTS-It is popular for evening parties. Landscaped gardens, waterfalls& Fountain cascading, & most important the lighting is particularly which creates an almost magical glow around the area. It is provided for the capacity of 2,000 people.

FESTIVAL:

Annual festivals of arts and crafts are held in March when artisans are invited from all over the country. This helps in establishing a direct contact between the craftsmen and the buyers and also helps in educating people on the value of their rich cultural heritage.

Cultural activities are also held during the ten days of Dussehra in October and during the Sankrant Sandadi festival of harvest in January. In order to provide technical advice or any other guidance to craftsmen, the crafts village organizes camps and workshops.

CIRCULATION PATTERN-

There are mostly single storey building units in the site, the circulation pattern is Horizontal that it forming pedestrian movement or pathways.

ROOFING DETAILS:

L- steel section were used to support roof. Bamboo used as batten over that bamboo mat was used. These mats were covered with dried grass.

For the larger span steel column & trusses are used to support roof. To improve

Aesthetic quality structural members are cladded with bamboo slates.

In the village museum some of the structure are in mud walls & some of walls constructed with clay pots & mud used as a plaster.

QUALITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACES DEPEND ON FOLLOWING-

SHAPE-Most of the spaces are in geometrical forms with a irregular forms of open spaces.

SURFACE-Walls are decorated in simple and rustic styles, rangoli motifs done on walls and also folk frescos.

HEIGHTS OF THE BUILDINGS-Most of the buildings are single storey with sloping roof Height at centre is about 5.4m & 2.4m.except auditorium which has got more than 3m height.

A SENCE & IMAGABILLITY-

Most of the places Like pavilions for Artifacts gallery, multipurpose hall, Food courts, small cold drinks shop, etc.

These places had a quality of spaces which is very closely related to natural things & also correlated to landscaping features. These kind of spaces also encourages the interaction between the people.

To create more eco friendly environment material were used like thash sloping roofs brick

walls containing rangolli patterns.

SERVICES:Water supply is ensured by Hyderabad metro water board,2 large bore wells,natural lakes which is used for boating.

Spilt air conditioning in office, centralization air conditioning facility in auditorium

was provided.

Already existing service lines for the drainages.

Control room was provided for OAT.

Four transformer are provided in complex.

Services provided specially in SHILPA KALAVEDIKA-

A separate car parking is provide for 500 cars & 700 two wheelers.

Orchestra pit, acoustic false ceiling, sound system of bose(25,000 watts)

Multilevel & multifunctional stage lighting zoom follow sports & cyclorama.

Well-designed water supply with dispenser & chillers.

Access for disabled

Easily accessed seating areas.

Reserved car parking areas

MERITS

Because of the concept of ethnic architecture building looks prominent in the surrounding.

Good segregation between recreation areas, shopping areas, office areas, familyEntertainment areas etc

Separation of pedestrian and vehicular moment.

A good service road.Enough width of pathways which can be used for multifunction like for exhibits,Some food stalls during melas,Its justifies the to site by using natural lakes for boating.Well use of contours to the design.

Rock gallery which has many exhibits in natural rock formation.

DEMERITS

Dormitories are not enough for the craftsmen.

Maintaince of thatch roofs.

Parking is not enough during melas.

Open Air Theater (O.A.T.) is not oriented according to the wind direction.

Too many stalls

Demonstration of art has reduced

The purpose is getting lost

Shivarapatna Cluster falls under Karnataka State in Kolar district 55kms away from bangalore.

Shivarpatna is a small village in the Taluk of malur of the district Kolar.

The Shivarapatna cluster is able to form 100 plus Artisans & 12 SHGs supporting the strong work force.

CONNECTIVITY :

From kempegowda airport: 62 kms

From Majestic bus stand: 68 kms

From Malur : 9 kms

From malur railway station to bangalore: 1hr 6mins

Near bangalore-tirupati highway

SITE ANALYSIS - Shivarapatna

SORROUNDING LAND USE (CONTEXT):

• Narasapura industrial area is the nearest to shivarapatna. It has many leading industries

such as: mahundra aerospace, exedy clutch india . Kidab has proposed to make an

industrial township in 3 phases.

• Next to it is a small residential village .

• Shivarapattna is closely surrounded by agricultural land

• There are few brick kilns present.

Industrial area

Agricultural area

DEMOGRAPHICS:

Shivarapatna village is located in Malur Tehsil of Kolar district in Karnataka, India. It is situated 13km away from

sub-district headquarter Malur and 20km away from district headquarter Kolar. As per 2009 stats, Shivarapatna

village is also a gram panchayat.

The total geographical area of village is 413.59 hectares. Shivarapatna has a total population of 2,174 peoples.

There are about 456 houses in Shivarapatna village. Malur is nearest town to Shivarapatna which is approximately

13km away.

Climate:

The district has a semi-arid subtropical climate , with mild summers and , winters.

The mean annual air temperature is 24.20 C , May is the hottest month with maximum temperatures of up to 39 C;

December is the coolest month, with minimum temperatures 06- 15.60 C.

The mean summer soil temperature is 26.1 C and the mean winter ,soil ' temperature is 22.4 C.

Orientation:

Sun path:

Wind direction:

Precipitation: The normal , average annual rainfall is about , 730 mm ' and this falls in about' 47 rainy days; · a major portion (about 70 per cent) of it falls during the southwest monsoon period (May to August).

GEOLOGY: The soil moisture control section is likely to remain moist for about 150 days in a year (us tic soil moisture regime) which allows one kharif crop to be grown under rain fed conditions.

HYDROLOGY: water scarcity. 1900ft under the ground level

VEGETATION: grows raggi , maize and jamanthi flowers

UTILITIES: no water and electrcity

INFRASTRUCTURE: no shops or recreational areas Social factor:

all religion people stay there, majority muslims and then hindus.

LANGUAGES spoken are urdu, kannada and telgu.

Locally Available Material: brick,sand not available

EVENTS: two main festivals Sankranti and Diwali.

village habba; they make diya and do pooja

street vendours in the morning

3 days ayud pooja

OCCUPATION: main is stone carving then agriculture and few work in nearby industry. Agriculture is being affected by industries.

EDUCATION: girls are given equal importance in terms of education. Only primary and high school (kannada medium). They have to travel all the way to mallur for English med schools and other colleges.

ABOUT:

Shivarapatna is an artisian cluster.

Shivarpatna is renowned for its stone carved sculptures and idols in the country and abroad.

Shivarapatna is synonymous with the word sculpture with approximately 300 families engaged in it. People from many parts of the country and from all over the world pour into the village to buy sculptures.

Giving the age-old art its traditional importance, the artisans of Shivarapatna have kept it alive for so long and the government has breathed a new life into the old skills. Stone carving is an ancient activity where pieces of rough natural stone are shaped by the controlled removal of stone.

The artisans of Shivarpatna keep this art alive with perseverance and sincerity.

Shivarapatna has products which are world renowned for their exquisite beauty and a first class quality. The products are unique in their style of making. The products are made of soapstone which is butter soft and it comes in two main colours i.e: black and white.

The tools used for sculpting the stone are the common hammers, chisels, grinding machine, sand paper and an HB pencil. The products bring out the creative side of the artisans to the world and get them the acknowledgement that they deserve.

Stone Carving craft:-

Stone carving is an ancient activity where pieces of rough natural stone are shaped by the controlled removal of stone. Owing to the permanence of the material, evidence can be found that even the earliest societies indulged in some form of stone work.

Work carried out by Paleolithic societies to create flint tools is more often referred to as knapping. Stone carving that is done to produce lettering is more often referred to as lettering.

Stone carving differs from stone as in marble quarrying in that it is the act of shaping or incising the stone, whereas quarrying is the activity of acquiring useful stone, usually in blocks, from geological sources.

The term stone carving is of particular significance to sculptors being a reference to a particular way of producing sculpture, as opposed to modeling in clay or casting. The term also refers to the activity of masons in dressing stone blocks for use in architecture, building or civil engineering. It is also a phrase used by archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists to describe the activity involved in making some types of petroglyphs.

Raw Materials:-

The Basic Materials are:- Hard granite , Soft Gray granite, mysore stone , white granite, black stone.

Techniques:-

The carving process essentially has the following sequence: Selecting the stone and Sketching, Rough dressing to remove material to get the basic shape, smooth/Flat dressing to define the details, Fitting the surface, finishing the surface with a variety of carbarundam stones (chane kallu) and Final Polishing with water and emery papers.

The main techniques are cutting, grinding, buffing, polishing

The crafts person while working on the Hard granite first studies the natural design contains in the stone selected to work upon. The shaping is done thereafter very carefully with chisel and hammers. Water is sprinkled repeatedly to avoid heat generation. The stone is smoothened by rubbing with sand papers or file.

FINAL PRODUCT

SHAPING OF THE RAW

MATERIAL

RAW MATERIAL

FINISHING

PROCESS: The design is drawn on the stone using red oxide

Then the unwanted portion is removed by beating the

Slab with a hammer

Further shaping is done by using hammer and chisel

Minor carvings are done by using a pointed chisel

Then the sculpture is smoothened and is treated chemically

After this painting and polishing is done

Now it is ready to be sold

Analysis and requirements

Case study analysis

Promoting the art and tradition of the place

Providing better living condition

Making a self- sustaining village

Focusing on the younger generation

Providing health care & educational facilities

Making energy efficient village

Making the place into a tourist attraction

Display of traditional as well as contemporary art

Providing workshops, food and accommodation facilities

Providing recreation for the people of the village

Site analysis

Stone carving is practiced the most and hence has to be preserved

Lack of water and electricity

No proper workspaces

No community and recreational activities

Narrow roads

Hospitals and schools located far

No specific market area

No facilities for the tourists

Health care and recreation for women and old people

No particular space for public gatherings

Requirements • providing the artists with better

workspace

• Community centre

• Art gallery

• Open air theatre

• Market area

• Outdoor sports area

• Food and accommodation facilities

for the visitors

• Creating a tourist walk around the

important places

• Improving the landscape of the

Improving the existing area of

the village by:

• Providing basic amenities such as

school and clinics

• Making the village energy efficient

by using solar panels and water

harvesting

• Road widening

• Making use of storm water

Objectives:

A model village project has the following important objectives:

Prevent distress migration from rural to urban areas, which is a common phenomenon in India’s villages due to lack of opportunities and facilities that guarantee a decent standard of living .

Make the model village a “hub” that could attract resources for the development of other villages in its vicinity.

Provide easier, faster and cheaper access to urban markets for agricultural produce or other marketable commodities produced in such villages

Contribute towards social empowerment by engaging all sections of the community in the task of village development.

Create and sustain a culture of cooperative living for inclusive and rapid development.

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

No infrastructuree facilities

Low ground water table

2 hrs electricity supply

Travelling in the monsoon is a problem

Carving workshop right next to the house

People are less educated and have no skills

Village panchayat is not so strong

Making correct use of art is not known to people

ISSUES

Effects education especially girls, no medical facilities, or recreation for young people

Lack of water supply

Effects the efficiency of work

Kuchha and narrow roads

Noise and air pollution

Unemployment

Social structure is not that strong

Low income and less development

POSSIBILITIES

Providing high school

Clinic or a small hospital

Playground and dance hall

Rain water harvesting

Use of solar panel

Pucca roads

Creating a better workspace

Providing a training centre to accuire skills

Providing a panchayat bhavan

Making it into a tourist attraction

Vegetation

• Eucalyptus can be used for making handmade soaps

• Coconut:

Since ancient history the indigenous people of this Dravidian region have

been extensively involved in making crafts out of coconut shell. They

have been producing artifacts which add a sense of antiquity to the

growing demands of crafts in a modern world. Things like lamps, vases,

boxes, cups, spoons and many household items are created out of coconut

shells. Often hookas and large vases are also made by combining coconut

shells with brass bindings.

The process followed by the artisan to make a cup, for instance, is to rub

the outer surface of the shell with steel wool and then smoothen the inner

part with a chisel. A circular base and handle made with shell are attached

to the cup with screws. The first coat of polish is boot polish, after which a

final coat of French polish is given.

Tamarind :

The papier mache technique forms the sole basis of these products. Made with old newspapers, cardboard and other kinds of waste paper a mix of raw pulp is obtained by soaking these materials in water. Tamarind seeds are then used to prepare flour which is then mixed with the paper pulp so obtained. This blend is then mixed with glue which is also locally prepared from tamarind seeds. All ingredients are kneaded to obtain a paste.

The next steps include preparing frames as desired out of wires, and stuffing these structures/frames with hay so as to give these arrangements, volume. The entire frame is then tied with threads to keep stuffed hay intact, and to also obtain a robust skeleton of the desired figure – ready to be coated with paper and glue mixture.

The third step is to apply uniformly- the paper, clay and glue mixture to this rough skeleton so obtained. Extra care and precision is required to apply this mixture so as to give these ‘strictly physical sketches’- a smooth, uniform exterior, and to also render a definitive shape to the anatomy of the figure, done through and through with meticulous hand impressions.

The final stage involves the application of leather coating. Artisans belonging to bigger clusters and groups or those working with private entrepreneurs usually use a mix of all authentic ingredients. Thin films of cardboard and leather are finally cut, paste, coated neatly and homogenously so as to define the entire framework of animal skeletons, previously layered with paper pulp. Once all these processes finish, these items are then left to dry. It is important to note that women and men engaged in the leather toy making industry make these handicrafts throughout the year, intermittently ceasing their work in monsoons owing to factors such as excessive moisture and fungus.

Thus reused newspaper and tamarind seeds finally, metamorphose into regal creatures from the wild with horses, turtles and camels, ready to offer a rural quotient- to interior and home décor!

Coconut:

This is my (very similar) take on goldenbacon's coconut bowl tutorial, the main differences being that I used waterproofing lacquer I made myself rather than a spray-on waterproofer, and that I went into far more detail about each of the steps. I also adapted a trick for getting the meat out of the coconut more easily.

This project was completed for an art class, but I hope everybody can get some use out of it!

Here is a list of the materials you will need::

For the bowl itself:

- one coconut

Tools:

- hammer- hack saw- box knife (or other sharp blade)- chisel or spoon- a substantial black marker- a thick nail- one sheet of sandpaper- a bowl or jar-a small (1 1/2 inch) paintbrush

For the finish/waterproofing:

- linseed oil- mineral spirits

The first task will be to punch a hole through the outside of the coconut to drain the fluid from inside of it. Initially, I tried to hammer the nail directly into the top of the coconut, where it had joined to its stem. As far as I can tell, this is impossible. Instead, I recommend placing the nail slightly to the side of the top of the coconut, where the shell is less dense. Depending on the width of the nail, the initial hole might not be large enough to drain more than a trickle of fluid; I ended up making three holes close to one another, and then breaking down the shell in between to create one large hole.

Once you've made a hole, place the coconut, drainage hole down, over a container whose mouth should be smaller than the circumfrence of the coconut. You can leave it to drain on its own, but I recommend shaking it from time to time to move the process along. You will know the coconut is completely drained when fluid stops trickling out, and when the coconut no longer makes a sloshing noise when you shake it.

EUCALYPTUS:

Ingredients:

1 1/2 lbs. Goat Milk Stephenson Melt and Pour Soap Base, cubed and divided into two bowls

10 drops of eucalyptus essential oil

3 tbsp. loose leaf green tea, brewed and strained

Soap mold– you can use a standard loaf style mold and cut the finished product into slices, or you can pick individually sized molds.

Instructions:

Start by melting the first half of the cubed soap base in a microwave-safe bowl using 30 second increments and stirring in between. Continue heating and stirring until the base is completely melted.

Remove the melted base from the heat source and blend in 5 drops of the essential oil.

Next, stir in the green tea. It should be drained, but not dry. The reserved liquid works to colorthe soap so make sure it’s still saturated.

Pour into your prepared soap mold and set aside.

Now melt the second bowl of soap base and follow the above directions. Once melted, add in the remaining amount of essential oil and blend well (no tea in the layer!).

Pour the second mixture into the mold over the first mixture. The first layer should have started to solidify, but still be tacky on top to allow the second layer to adhere to the first.

Allow to cool and harden completely, about 4-6 hours, before removing from the mold(s). If you’ve used a loaf mold, cut the finished soap into 1-1.5 inch slices.

FOLK DANCS:

Dollu Kunitha dance, is a major form of art, occupies the pride of place among folk dances. Dollu Kunithais a popular drum dance of Karnataka accompanied by singing. It provides both spectacular variety and complexity of skills in the process of demonstration.

Performance— this dance form is mainly performed by the men of the shepherd community known as the Kuruba community. The Dollu Kunitha is characterized by vigorous drum beats, quick movements and synchronized group formations.

There is no dearth of cultural events in the drought-hit Kolar district.Performers and performances found abundantly here include folk singers, patta kunitha, Nandidhwaja, dollu, veeragase, playwrights, discourses, musicians, tiger dance, Karaga natya and Bhartanatyam to mention a few art forms.

Once a year there is a performance of the male-dominated coastal art form of Yakshagana. Hundreds of residents from the coastal district along with local art enthusiasts attend the annual Yakshagana performance. Enthused by the response, Yakshagana artistes from Dakshina Kannada make it a point to perform in Kolar.

The credit for organising the annual event goes to Karavali Kannadigara Sangha, established by migrants who came here during the last two decades. Yakashana performances have been conducted here for the last eight years.

STANDARDS AND BYE-LAWS

Rural development standards

Pradhan mantri gram sadak yojana

Ministry of rural development

Government of india

The present geometric design standards for Rural Roads are tending to be liberal. Under the resources constraint, there is a need to review them and make them cost-oriented.

There is no need to differentiate between ODRs and VRs, as both serve the same purpose.

The design speeds for Rural Roads should be fixed on the basis of recent research findings.

The pavement width of Rural Roads need only be 3.0m and the roadway width 5.5m.

The gradients of hill roads can be made as steep as 1 in 10 when negotiating height, without causing extra road user cost.

Tourist Locations

No. of Domestic Overnight Visitors

No. of Foreign Overnight Visitors

Total Overnight Visitors

Estimated No. of Day Visitors

Total Visitors+ Day Visitors

Kolar 32840 68 32908 164754 197662

Agriculture land zone

Regulations

i) Permissible land use

Agro processing units using locally produced agriculture produce as raw materials.

Urban amenities such as burial grounds, education and health institutions, sports

grounds, stadium, playgrounds, parks and garden land.

Public utilities such as solid waste land fills, water treatment plants, power plants,

fuel stations and other highway amenities such as weigh bridges, check posts, toll

gates, having access to major roads.

Agriculture, Horticulture, Dairy, Milk Chilling centres, Farm houses and accessory not exceeding 250 sq.m of plinth area within the plot area limitation of 1.2 Ha limited to G+ 1 floor.

Clubs, cultural buildings, exhibition centres, storage and sale of farm products.

Service and repairs of farm machinery.Piggeries and poultry farms, livestock rearing.

Brick Kilns.

When the land is more than 40.0 ha in extent, Golf course along with ancillary uses

like administrative office, guest rooms/guest houses and dining facilities are permissible.

Coverage:

20 % of the sital area of the land may be used for educational and health purposes and

a building height of G+1 floor only shall be permitted.

For Golf courses on land area which is above 40 ha, ancillary uses can be permitted

up to a maximum of 20 % of sital area subject to a building height of G+1 floor only.

For uses other than education, health and Golf courses, 5% of sital area of the land

may be permitted subject to a building height of G+1 floor only.

Regulations for Rural Development

Within a radius of 250m from the gramathana (as defined in the note below) developments required for the natural growth of the village may be permitted with the following

regulations:

1) FAR : 1.0

2) Maximum no of floors: G+1

3) Setbacks and coverage for the respective uses: As per Table no 8

Note: a) Gramathana: means old village settlement as earmarked in the revenue survey map (village map). Any addition already made to the gramathana in any form shall not be considered while measuring the distance between land in question and gramathana.

TRAINING CENTER AND MINIMUM QUALITY STANDARDS:

i. The total number of trainers in a center should be equal to 1 Soft skill/Communicative English trainer + 1 IT trainer and the number of domain trainers equal to the number of domains the PIA wants to run at the particular Centre. (For example, if a PIA wants to run training in 3 domains at a training center than the number of trainers must be at least 3 domain trainers + 1 for soft skills + 1 for IT i.e. 5 trainers)

ii. The PIA must strictly maintain separate practical labs for each domain that is being taught.

iii. PIAs must meet all minimum requirements of training Centre physical infrastructure before starting the batch.

iv. The physical infrastructure in every training center should be duly verified by the Training CenterIncharge of the PIA, as per the Due Diligence Format enclosed.

v. No batch at the training center will be allowed to start without an authorization by the Concerned authority of the PIA from its head office indicating that he/she is satisfied about the presence of minimum infrastructure at the Center, as verified by the PIA’s Training Center Incharge

vi. PIAs must submit the due diligence form on the Ministry MIS before starting the batch.

OBJECTIVES The objectives for setting up of rural haats at various levels under the SGSY Scheme are as under:

• Creation of better marketing facilities.

• Enabling the rural poor to sell their products throughout the year.

• One stop shopping platform to the wholesalers, retailers/consumers by showcasing the range of local rural products.

• Ensure stable market and remunerative prices

• Sensitizing SHGs to the demand patterns of the market.

• Strengthen the forward and backward linkages.

• Promotion of hygienic conditions in & around the rural market.

• Promotion of growth centers/convergence of rural economic activities around Rural Haats.

DETAILS OF PROJECTS :

A. VILLAGE HAATS

(a) Location Village Haats may be constructed at the existing place of marketing in the villages i.e. places where weekly haats are already existing. The land for the proposed Village Haat must be owned by the Gram Panchayat/Government. Weekly haats on private lands will not be considered. Initially, the Village Haat may be constructed at Panchayat Headquarters or at a place which has the potential for attracting large number of visitors.

HAAT – MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

(b) Basic Structure /facilities for the Village Haats The basic structure /facilities which may provide at these village Haats are as under:-

a. Open raised platforms

b. Covered platforms

c. Toilets (separate facilities for women and men)

d. Drinking water facility through installation of India Mark II handpumps.

e. Drains

f. Brick soling in the moving space.

g. Garbage pits/corner.

h. Office block.

i. Warehouse for storage (small)

j. Boundary wall /fence

k. Parking space

l. Drinking Water facilities for animals The efforts should be made to design the Haat based on local architecture to promote tourism.

3 (c) Funding Pattern Funds will be released for the creation of such Village Haats for an amount of upto Rs.15.00 lakhs which will be shared between Centre and State in the ratio of 75:25. However, funds will be contributed in the ratio of 90:10 for North Eastern States. The estimates for the infrastructure of Village Haat may be prepared by a competent person viz. Rural Engineering Department/PWD or any other authorized Government Department or Registered Civil Engineers/architects. (d) Maintenance and Management A Rural Haat Management Committee may be constituted for management and maintenance of Village Haats which may comprise of Gram Pradhan, representatives of Gram Panchayat, representatives of Self Help Group/leader of village federation and Gram Panchayat Officer/ Gram Development Officer, which would be a sub-committee of the Gram Panchayat. Haatsshould generate sufficient resources to meeting the recurring expenses through levy of user fee etc.. Gram Panchayat will pass a resolution to maintain the Haats through levying suitable charges/fees. The collection and allotment of stalls will be the responsibility of the Management Committee which will maintain the village Haats from the rental income and other fees/funds collected from the village Haats. The expansion of Village Haats may be considered from surplus funds. Permanent shops and other facilities for the village Haats may be planned from these funds. (e) Allotment of Stalls About 70% of space may be allotted to SGSY beneficiaries and 30% of space may be allowed to be given to others who will pay suitable charges/fees. Self Help Groups of SGSY will not be charged any rent or nominal rent in comparison to others for using space in Village Haats. The allotment should not be permanent in nature to allow for new entrants. The space can be rotated between different Swarozgaris for a fixed number of days in each year. They should also not be allowed to avail the facility for a period exceeding the total number of days prescribed for this purpose. (f) Monitoring Department of Rural Development of the State Govt. will primarily be responsible to monitor the progress of such haats periodically. The concerned DRDA will collect information on sale of product, functioning of these haats and furnish the report to State Government and State 4 Government to Ministry every month in Monthly Progress Report (MPR) and on MIS, when it becomes operational.

Guidelines for rain water harvesting

Rain water harvesting is the technique of collection and storage of rain water at surface or in sub-surface aquifers, before it is lost as surface run-off. The augmented resource can be harvested in the time of need. Artificial recharge to ground water is a process by which the ground water reservoir is augmented at rate exceeding that under natural conditions of replenishment.

The functioning of ground water recharge units, various methods and techniques have already been elaborated in Infrastructure Planning section.

Requirements of a vocational centre

Once the basic formal education is over the moment of concern arrives. The confusion about choice of vocation causes a lot of tension in the minds of parents and the youth. Those who have clear goals of academic achievement and the means to realize it would go ahead and continue with their higher education in the formal line. Those who want to make a career in time and begin to earn well in time would choose a career oriented vocational training.

There are various economic groups that would choose to be trained in a skill that would give them sustained income and some amount of economic security like the middle class people, disabled, socially disadvantaged and those with high edge technical aptitude who wants to excel in that. A Vocational training center provides opportunities for these sections of people. A vast majority of educated youth choose to earn early and settle in life at the earliest.

Requirements of a vocational training center:

A vocational training centre should, first and foremost, should have a clear vision about the target group. A clear statistical knowledge of the candidates it targets, their economic background, their requirements, the average educational qualification of the local demography are some of the things to be known about the potential trainees. Secondly, the management should brainstorm and implement those trainings that are most taken by students.

The courses provided should be well integrated. Theory should complement the practical training and not the other way around. For vocational training the curricula should be for its most part filled with practical exercises, assignments and project works. The theory part should be just to fill the comprehension gaps. Besides providing training in house, the students must be given exposure in companies and industries. Placement services can be integral to a vocational training centre.

Infrastructure for Vocational Training Centre:

The center must provide the proper infrastructure for the students. The building design must suit the course requiems. A vocational training centre would dedicate more space for the laboratory and work room with proper equipments. Studentsâ€™ residence and staff residence requirements must be met if the centerprovides training for resident students. Space for games, entertainment and recreation must be taken care of.

OBJECTIVE

Our ideas are based on carefully considered design principles which we believe will enable us to deliver our vision

Make more effective and intensive use of the heart of the village

Create ‘places’ of quality and variety in the spaces between buildings

Create an environment that is easier to find your way around

Define a hierarchy of streets, spaces and places

Create a diversity of green landscapes of value and character

Prioritise the needs of the pedestrian across all public spaces

Safeguard existing views of historic

Reveal the historical narrative of the campus linking together its past, present and future

Three fundamental principles are followed in designing all residential, office, retail and resort structures on The Irvine Ranch®:

Design integrity: Assuring that the design of the architecture has integrity, that the structures are pleasing as well as appropriate to the area in which they exist and that they always communicate a sense of place.

Timeless architecture: Applying the principles of classical architecture to create a sense of timelessness and ensure that communities on The Irvine Ranch will age gracefully.

Four-sided architecture: Using the same material on all four sides of a structure so that, no matter what vantage point it is viewed from, the design is never interrupted and all the parts are perceived as part of a unified whole.

• Road width- 5.5m

• Pavement width- 3m

• According to Karnataka rural development board only few

things can be built over agricultural land.

Regulations are:

• FAR = 1

• Maximum no of floors allowed are G+1

• Setbacks of nearly 5m on all sides

• Providing cycle tracks along the road

• Solar panel is provided to increase the electricity supply

• Rain water harvesting systems will be implemented in

each house

AREA REQUIREMENTS

SL.NO REQUIREMENTS AREA PER PERSON IN SQ M

NO OF USERS

TOTAL NO TOTAL AREA IN SQ M

1. WORKSHOP AREA 40 PER WORKSHOP 40 2000

2. ART GALLERY 0.4 100 1 100

3. OAT 0.6 800 1 600

4. MARKET AREA 0.8 500 1 700

5. PLAY GROUND 1.5 20 2 70

6. GUEST HOUSE 14 40 1 650

7. FOOD COURT 0.7 80 1 100

8. PARKS 0.8 60 2 150

9. ATM 2 1 2 4

10. COMMUNITY CENTRE: 1 1290

11. CLASS ROOM 1.2 40 3 80

12. COMPUTER ROOM 3 40 1 200

13. LIBRARY 5 70 1 400

14. WORKSHOPS 1 40 3 60

15. DANCING HALL 1.5 30 1 60

16. OFFICES 3 10 4 120

CONCEPTUAL PLANNING

HISTORY OF THE KOLAR DISTRICT:

An Agraharam or Agrahara is the name given to the Brahmin quarter of a heterogenous village or to any village inhabited by Brahmins.

The name originates from the fact that the agraharams have lines of houses on either side of the road and the temple to the village god at the centre, thus resembling a garland around the temple. According to the traditional Hindu practice of architecture and town-planning, an agraharam is held to be two rows of houses running north-south on either side of a road at one end of which would be a temple to Shiva and at the other end, a temple to Vishnu.

This was practiced in the entire south and there were many towns in kolar district as well

RETREAT TO THE FORGOTTEN

WHAT IS VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE?

Vernacular Architecture is building design and construction technology developed by local people determined by their cultural, social, economical and local climate. Vernacular Architecture can be visualized around the world through the perspective of community, or through varied geographic regions and or diverse climatic aspects. Field of Vernacular architecture is diverse and intensive however certain aspects such as its origin and its relevance to immediate community and environment remain consistent across the globe.

Concept and course content of Vernacular Architecture is yet in the developing stage. Study of Vernacular Architecture, globally, focuses on different communities, regions and climate

Features

Vernacular architecture is holistic architectural building traditions/practices that are cost effective, ecologically sensible and culturally relevant.

Open Verandah-Platform or the JagaliThe jagali is the Kannada word for what may be rather inadequately described as an open verandah with a raised platform. This is invariably located in the front of the house. It is associated with a large number of functional and symbolic values. It is the buffer between the shared community area in the front of the house and the privacy of the inner house.

courts and CourtyardsA court, which is open to the sky and surrounded by a building, is a fairly common architectural feature throughout the tropical world. It serves essentially as a modifier of the local climate by providing lighting and ventilation in an area of complete privacy. It provides circulation space, knitting closely as it were the different parts of the household. There could be several household activities peculiar to the court even as it serves as a spill-over space for other activities in the interior.

Features, Forms and Texture of Vernacular Architecture of KarnatakaThe roofing of rural houses, in general, dominates the expression of the form of the house as well as the village cluster itself.

Depending upon the climatic situation, we have the gabled tile and the gabled thatch, or the flat mud roofs of the drier tracts using stone slabs or wood as supports.

The tiled villages are probably more common, the gables being of different proportions and elevations jutting out of the earth in a very, harmonious fashion.

No two roofs are completely alike, even when they carry the same cultural stamp. The cluster of village houses is always of low profile, the succession of gables nestling in the surrounding greenery. This is significantly an expression of man as the child of nature and not as its master, in total contrast to the modern urban skyline which suggests an attitude of mastery over nature with a forest of skyscrapers soaring beyond the level of trees.

The rural scene thus presents an image of harmony between man and nature while the urban picture is one of discord between the two.

There are other roofing forms to be found mostly in cities, such as the flat roofs of the Madras terrace and the Jack-arch terrace variety. These roofs used mainly local materials like brick, lime and wood while steel was introduced in the Jack-arch roof for the supporting structure.

At close sight, the textures of the walls and roofs in rural houses express the earthiness and simplicity of rural life-styles. The rural craftsman is in total control, producing a variety of textures.

In areas which abound in stone, the rough-hewn stone in mud mortar with natural colours, covering a wide range, is generally left completely exposed. These wall textures have a kind of perennial beauty in spite of the coarse finish. Where mud mortar and whitewash are used, one finds a reposeful smoothness and whiteness which contrast with the natural strong colours of the roofing.

The use of brick and laterite very often also goes along exposed masonry, which provides a harmonious match to the red tiles. The down-to-earth colours of the walls again suggest a strong affinity to nature.

GUTTHU HOUSES

• are large, inward looking Hindu Mansions.

• The typical Guttu house has a steeply pitched roof, combining single & double storeyed blocks around a courtyard.

• The façade is usually symmetrical around a central projection, the tallest and most impressive feature of the house.

• The principal building material is wood.The Khamb-Wooden pillars in atraditional Bunt house

• 2 massive columns at the entranceThe central open courtyard

• Padasale – The rectangular hall around which the rooms are arranged.

• Mundu – The inevitable open courtyard in the centre,

• Kanni Kombara – Prayer place, where a deity is installed; Here, the karona(family ancestor) symbolized by a lamp is worshipped and offered food at festivals.

• Kitchen – sacred; the mud oven/stove should face east. OLD-WORLD CHARM: The verandah of an Ain Mane, where portraits of ancestors are displayed. DRAVIDIAN SOUTH – KARNATAKA

• local materials used in kolar were laterite, mud work and random rubble

Climate responsive architecture

• Minimise wind chill from the prevailing wind by presenting a narrow frontage in that direction.

• Plan the rooms so that cooler service spaces are located with a northerly aspect and

habitable rooms take advantage of the warmer southerly aspect.

• Avoid the exposed areas of the site and use any natural shelter offered.

• Think about using vegetation against walls to increase wind drag and provide an extra thermal buffer.

Hot Climates

In hot climates, buildings should be protected from the sun, and benefit from cooling breezes and shade as

much as possible.

Avoid locating the main living areas in the West and East sides. The main living rooms should be located in

the more protected sides of the house.

To get it, consider rectangular shaped buildings with a longer east-west axis. It’s a lot easier (in hot climates)

to get shade in the South or the North than in the East and the West.

Accordingly, the windows in the East and West sides of the house should be small (or suppressed).

As far as possible, consider also a convenient orientation of the house to the prevailing breezes..

Orientate the house east-west to ensure a long side to face the sun. Minimising east and west facing walls and windows reduces excessive summer heat gain.

1. Minimise cardon dioxide emissions: Your building should be located in a way that minimises the environmental impact of the four CO2 generating elements associated with housing: transport, embodied energy, food production and operating energy. Urban buildings will perform best due to their proximity to public transport. However rural buildings have the best capacity to produce food on site. Good design in either case has the capacity to reduce operating energy and energy ‘embodied’ in the production of building materials and the construction process itself.

2. Minimise energy demand: Buildings should be designed to minimise their demand for energy. This means a high performance ‘thermal envelope’ is needed with high levels of insulation. This should incorporate selected single and double-glazed areas, accompanied by a substantial area of well-insulated material with high thermal mass properties such as dense concrete or masonry. This needs to be heated by the winter sun and shaded from the higher altitude summer sun to prevent excessive heat build-up and to enable the mass to provide summertime cooling.

3. Respond to climate: Buildings should be designed to respond to the climate specific to its region. They make the most effective use of the natural, renewable, non-polluting resources available — sun, water, earth and air.

In the early part of the twentieth-century, American architect Louis Sullivan created the tenet ‘form follows function’. In creating sustainable architecture, perhaps it is better to use the notion of ‘form follows climate’. In simple terms, this means the site’s landform influences the building form, together with aspect and shelter.

Use of the ‘form follows climate’ design approach together with creation of a high performance thermal envelope are the most important design decisions to be made. Added to these is the need to integrate ‘active’ systems to assist building performance. These typically include solar water heating, photovoltaic and wind electricity generation, heat pumps, low-energy lighting and appliances.

Orientation for passive heating and cooling

For maximum solar gain, a building will be located, oriented and designed to maximise window area facing north (or within 20 degrees of north) – for example, a shallow east-west floor plan. However, this will depend on the site’s shape, orientation and topography. For example, an east-west floor plan will not be possible on a narrow north-south site.

Orientation for solar gain will also depend on other factors such as proximity to neighbouring buildings and trees that shade the site.

For solar gain, as well as considering location, orientation and window size and placement, it is also important to consider the thermal performance and solar heat gain efficiency of the glazing unit itself (see glazing and glazing units for more information).

While solar gain for passive heating is important, other considerations include noise, daylighting, protection from prevailing winds, access to breezes for ventilation, shade to prevent summer overheating and glare, views, privacy, access, indoor/outdoor flow, owners’ preferences, and covenants and planning restrictions.

Where passive cooling is more of a priority than passive heating, the building should be oriented to take advantage of prevailing breezes.

Orientation, location and layout should be considered from the beginning of the design process – ideally, from the time the site is being selected. Once a building has been completed, it is impractical and expensive to reorient later.

If optimal orientation can be achieved, it will reduce some of the heating requirement, reduce energy costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Effective solar orientation requires a good understanding of sun paths at the site at different times of the year.

LOCATE THE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF THE PLACE

(DRAVIDIAN STYLE OF KARNATAKA)

LOCATE LOCAL MATERIALS

(BRICKS AND STONE)

LOCATE LOCAL TECHNIQUES

(RAT TRAP BOND, 1 FT HIGH PLINTH,FILLER SLAB ETC)

UNDERSTAND THE CULTURE AND TRADITION OF THE PLACE

(STONE CARVING AND IDOL MAKING)

STUDY THE CLIMATE OF THE AREA

(HOT AND SUNNY AND MODERATE RAINFALL)

PROCESS:

BUBBLE DIAGRAM AND ZONING

The project is divided into two parts:

• In the first part the process of development of the existing village takes place. For example

providing the villagers with basic amenities and a better life style by providing water

electricity and clean environment etc.

• The second part consists of the extension of the village which encourages the promotion of

the art being carried out in the village from generations . This is done by making ways for

rural tourism in the village

CONCEPTUAL SKETCHES

EXISTING PLAN

MASTER PLAN

TOURIST BLOCK PLAN

SECTIONS

ELEVATIONS AND VIEWS

COMMUNITY CENTER PLAN

SECTIONS

MARKET AND PARK PLANS

SECTIONS

ACCOMMODATION PLANS

SECTIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BANGALORE MAHANAGARA PALIKE BUILDING BYE-LAWS

Rural Tourism- A Catalyst for Rural Economic Growth Raghavendra D.V.1 VijayachandraReddy.S.2 and Shilpa V.3 1Ph.D.Scholar, Dept. of Agril. Economics, UAS Raichur-584101. 2SRF, Dept. of Agril. Economics, UAS Raichur-584101 3M sc (Agri), Department of Agricultural statistics, College of Agriculture, UAS Dharwad-580005

Level and Scale of Community Participation in Rural Tourism DevelopmentS. K. Gupta* Pankaj Kumar**

Ministry of Urban Development

WOMEN VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE KACHIA (Design for effective learning spaces By GAIYA BOYLE MALACHY B.Sc. (Arch) AHMADU BELL0 UNIVERSITY.

Ministry of Tourism (Market Research Division) Government of India

By ACNielsen ORG-MARG Pvt. Ltd NEW DELHI

National Rural Roads Development Agency Ministry of Rural Development Government of India

adhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojna (PMAGY) Baseline Survey of a PMAGY Village GUIDELINES

ARTICLE: BM: ARCADIA IN SRI LANKA

file:///C:/Users/Admin/Desktop/va/Energy%20efficiency%20of%20bricks%20-%20Build%20for%20Living.html

file:///C:/Users/Admin/Desktop/va/Construction%20Techniques_%207%20Radical%20Ways%20to%20Build%20with%20Brick%20-%20Architizer.html

file:///C:/Users/Admin/Desktop/va/Why%20Choose%20Brick.html

TOURISM PROJECTS FOR INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES

INVEST KARNATAKA 2016

NEUFERTS

ACHARYA'S N R V SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

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