, ECONOMIC SOCIAL COUNCIL

Twenty-sixth re"'.)or'~ of the 1~.d.ministrative Committee on Co-ordination

3:/36255 il~o,y 1962

Original: ENGLISH

Dis":'!" •GI:iTr~..!.L

GENER1-I.L 23'TlZ'i[ OF TIU :J:3:VELOPNIENT, CO-ORDINATIOn HIDCONCZNTJ,i.:='I0i.T OF THE ':!;cGilOi:iIC, SOCIi:..L 1..'11D HUMiJ:T ~IGHIS

PROGRJUJil~3 "·lID i ..CT IVI'';:' I.c<.:r:> OF THE UrUTED NAT IONS jj.TJ

'5:3 SPECIliliIZ;D LG:6NCIES j~S ,. VrnOLE

~hirty-fourt~ sessionLgenda item 3

UN~~ED NATIONS

ECONOMICANDSOCIAL COUNCIL

.".,,~,'"'~ ..)

,,,~.+.,.,,

IT~b1e of contents

Paragraphs

I . L1"~:roc"'ucti on

II. Uni-~cL Nations =:;evelopmen'~ :::1ecooe

Ill. Ques~ions rel~sing to the Ex]~nded Progr~e of Tec~Llic~l

..i·.ss i s'c,ance am. -~~1e Spec ial :?und

(~) ~eview of ~evelopments

(b) Co-ordin~0io~ of technic~l assistance activities

(c) ::,1:Jle of Nsic.eilt represen-tn,tives

(CL) Use of Yolu..:.J:~eer worke:rs in the opers;c,ional proE;:r~es

Q: the Uni·08c.. Nations ~:lc:. related n.gencies

(e) ::'..ccruitme~'~ 0:7 experts

IV. 3duc~.;c,ion an6.. ·~::,:-,ii.ling

V: Co-o·)ern.tion in ~,etivities 2"212.ting to -the peaceful usesof ~~omic ener~J

VI. Oce~nography

VII. Co-ol-c:.inn.tion :-':'1(::. co-opera·c,io:J. in parti'cu1a.r progrn.l!l.i"ne2.re <',5

(:::.) :::i1dustri~l ~~2Yelopmen'~

(0) -.!orld Fooe.. ?T.:lgrn.mme

(c) 7~ter resources develo~~ent

14 - 16

26 - 28

29 - 33

35 - 55

56 - 90

91 -111

112 -120

121 -165

122 "" .......... -

123 -128

62-110B3

··3/3625page 2

~able of contents (contd.) Paragraphs

(d) Rural develo-)rnerit

(e) Commodity?roblems

(r) Full employment, under-employment and unemploYmen't,

(g) Public administration programmes, including QPEX

(h) Social nnd related economic questions

(i) Other programme areas

Survey missions

Regional develo?ment institutes

Public Informaiion

Juirninistrative and financial questions

129 - 134

135 - 136

1~7 - 138

139 - 144

145 - 162

163 - 165

166 - 175

176 - 177

178 - 183

184 - 192

Annexe's - I. Education end training

11. Co-operation in activities relating to thepeaceful uses of atomic energy.

J"'--------

B!J625page 3

I. INTROOOCT ION

1. The Administrative Committee un Co,,<.·rdlna;UoD llIet at United Nations Headquarters,

New Yo:\"k, on 12 and 13 October 1961, and at the E~U'ope::1D. Office of the United NatiolUl,

Ganevf, on 3 and 4 May 1962. The fir5t of these sessions was under the Chairmanship

of the Director-Generol of the International Labour Office, and the second, under

that of the Acting Secretary-General of the United Nations.

2. Present at one or both of these sessions were tho Acting Secretary-GenerBl of

,the United Nations; the executive heads of the Inc.ernational Labour Office, the Food

and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nation8 E~uoational,

Scientific and Cultural Organization, the World Health Organization, the International

~tomic Energy Agency, the International Civil Aviation Organization, the Univer8al

Postal Union, the International Telecommunication Union; the World Meteorological

Organization, and the Inter-Governmentol Maritime Consultative Organization, 0.8 well

as representatives of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

(including the International Finance Corporation and the International Development

~ssociation») and the International Monetary Fund.

3. The Exeoutive Chairman of the Technical Assistance Board, the Managing Di~ector

of the United Nations Special Fund, +'he Executive Director of the United Nations

Children's Fund, the Director of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for

Polestine Refugees, the ~eputy High Commissioner for Refugees and the Executive

SeCr8~&ry to the Contracting Parties to \he General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

were also present at one or both sessions.

4. At its October meetings, the ACC issued a s~atement paying a tribute to the late

Secretary-General, Mr. Dag Hammarskj01d, and his personal leadership in building up

the system of consult~tion and co-operation within the United Na.tions family. The

statement read as follows:

liThe Committee observed two minutes' silence in tribute to th3 lateSecretary-General, Dag Hammarskjold. The personal leadarship of theSecretary-General has from the outset played a vital part in building upamong the execut1vc heads of a.ll the United Nations organizations therelationship as colleagues which is the foundation of their commondevotion to a common purpose as servants of the whole internationalcommunity and of it alone. Under the guidance of Dag Hemmarskjold majoradvances have been made in the system of consultation and co-operationwi~hin the Uni~ed Nations family. A fitting memorial to his work willbe the continua~ion and cOnsolidation of this tradition under his successor. In ~his task the members of the Committee pledge their fullco-operation with the future executive head of the United Nations."

:a!J625p.,.4

5. In Way 1962, the ACC, meeting for the first time under the Chairmanship of

U Thant, confirmed this pledge of full co-operation with him by the executive hee.ds

of al! the participating organizations, in pursuit of the ever-growing unity and

effectiveness of the United Nations family.

* * *6. The opportunity of the May meetings was taken for the members of the Committoe

tQ have an exchange of information and views relating to tIe civilian operations in

the Congo.

7. Deve1opmen~s affecting inter-agency co-operation were reported by a number of

agency representatives. Those in respect of GAT1, UNICEF and UNRWA, which may not

otherwise be readily available to the Council at its thirty-fourth session, are

summarized in the following paragraphs:

8. In November 1961, GLTT convened the largest gathering o,r Ministers of Trade since

1947, and adopted statements of principle of major importance. The need to expand

the exports of th~ under-developed countries was unanimously accepted. Subsequently,

a programme of action ~.s set afoot, in regard to which support by the United Nations

or specialized agencies viould le welcomed. As part of the general process of

renegotiating international trado relations, the question of the marketing of

agricultura! products and foodstuffs had arisen. It was to be hoped that the solution

would be on 0. world-wide scale, as this question bore largely on the problems of the

developing countries. ~ great deal of the negotiations had been conducted within the

framework of GATT, but ?.h0 had a concern in the matter, and the arrangements for

co-operation with FAO had been strengthened by meo.ns of direct consul'tations. The

same W&S true of tropical products, where the new arrangements in Europe threatened

African production and might have re~ercussions on Latin America. l~rangements had

been made for a high-level discussion of all factors bearing on present and future

problems in international trade in tropical products. The long-term arrangements

for tr~e in cotton textile products, which had been worked out recently in GATT

have great potential significance and should give the daveloping countries 'better

guarantees for expanding their production. GATT 'was approaching the end of the

round of tariff negotiations, begun in 1960, which had led to a significant

lltion

E/3625page 5

reduction in the EEC co~on external tariff for industrin.l proiuc-bs ~ A number of

reductions in tariffs hc,d peen made 1'rithout the requirement of reciprocity. These

neGotiations opened the wo.y to still more sweeping negotiations c.nd should ease the

~ath of the developing countries towards earning badly-needed f8reign exchange. In

the implementation of. the principles cgreed upon by the Ministers of Trade, a new

cp~roach and new tec~iiquos to bring about the ~eduction of tariffs were envisaged.

The developin~ countries welcomed the initiatives now being tc~en to work towards

the duty-free entry of 'cro:;,:lical products into 3J.l industrialized countries. These

activities had brought G.·..I'T more closely into the intensified (....rive for the welfare

and development of the c1eveloping countries, and the stage was now set for more far

reaching world-wide action.

9. UNICEF had continued to expand the scope of its services on behalf of children

nnd young people, without prejudice to its traditional work in the fields of maternity,

health and nutrition. ~ll were being carried out in co-operation with other

organizations, notably ·the United Nations (Bureau of Social hffairs), 110, FAO,

u~msco and ~IO. In 1961 UNICEF's allocation had exceeded $30 million, the highest

since the period of 11 emergency" immedia-tely after the war. A further increase was

contemplated for 1962.

10. In UNRW~, progress h~d been maQe in expanding vocational training and in

improving the general e~ucation for the young Palestine refugees. A survey was

being launched with the help and advice of lLO, in order to assess employment

?rospects in the Arab countries of the Middle East and Africa for the young men

and women trained in mm.~'!1.'s centres. Education costs constitu·~ed the major

financial problem facing "Gne Agency; they were now of the magnitude of some

~8 million for general education and $2 million for vocational "braining, rising

year by year. Valuable help had been received by the Agency from the Unite~ Nations,

lLO, UNESCO and villa.11. In paragraph 2 of resolution 843B (XXXII), the Council requested the ACC to

suggest an annotated list of substantive topics for discussion by the Co-ordination

Committee. The questions of rural development, industrialization, and education and

train~ng were mentioned by the Council last year as among those calling for Council

Ii~ ....j,

Aotion on whioh it hoped the ad ho~ Working Group on Co-ordinctiun would l~ .truss

in it. report to the thirty-tvurth Hes.i n. The Co-ordinntion Committee itself mny

well wish to live oonsidoration to ~aese subjvcte. The ACC sugg~sts, however, that,

ot tbe throe, education nnd trnininb would 80em most to morit nttontion at this stage.

Special nrr~ioments havo boen mado by the Council for intensivo considorntion of

qu.stions relnting to industrialization before its thirty-fifth sossion, and,

while, na indioated lnter in this r6?Ort, n thorough intor-ngoncy study of questions

relatin, to rural develo)ment i. to be undertnken, the resul~s will not be nvailable

this summer. •

12. Tha ACC 8UggUt. thc.t in addit.iol~ to educntion a.nd trnininb' speoinl oonsidera.tion

mi,ht be givon by tho Cu-ordination Committee to qUGstions relating to pub~io

administrntion, on which a .ubstanti~l report ryill be availablo to the Council.

13. A note on the documentntion relating to education and training and to public

administration programmes will be issued late~.

......,c~

<,~?'..'t~~~~~~'

E/3625page 7

II. UNITED Ni...TIONS DEVELOPMENT DECADE

14. The United Nations Development Decode represents, under the terms of the

Goneral Assembly Resolution which constituted it, a challenGe anc an opportunity to

the whole United Nations family. The members of the ACe for their part will do all

in their power to enable their respective orgnnizations, as well as the United

Nations family as a whole, to meet that challenge effectively.

15. At the May meetings of the ACC, the Secretary-General of the United Nations

consulted his colleagues on a draft for the proposals which he is to present mthe Council, under the General Assembly Resolution, for "the intensification of action

in thefields of economic and social development by the United Nations system of

organizations". The ACe attaches very great importance to the document which is to

bo put forward. Arrangements were accordingly made for a review of the draft

proposals in the days immediately following the ACe's Session, with a view to

providing the most constructive and solid basis for discussion by the Council and

the General Assembly. 1he attention of the Council is drawn to the suggestions and

considerations put forwnrd by the specialized agencies, the IA~~ and GATT, which

are being reproduced as an annex to the Secretary-General's own report.

16. The 1950's saw the development of international aid on n ra?idly increasing

scale and of a vast networl~ of international activities and understandings and

procedures enabling the United Nations organizations to act as a team in promoting

econo~ic and social progress throughout the world. On this bcsis the ACe believes

that it is now possible, in the course of the Development Decade, to make further

significant progress. It does not envisage at the moment the creation of new

inter-agency machinery for co-ordination and concerted action bu·~ rather the more

intensive use of such machinery and facilities which already exist for these

purposes. It proposes to follow closely, and to report to the Council from time to

time on, the manner in which the objectives of the decade are being pursued through

international co-operation and the extent to which this action is proving effective

in accelerating progress towards self-sustaining economic growth and social

advancement in the developing countries.

1/'625Ne 8

Ill. ~TIONS RELATIMl TO T"dE ElCP\NDED PROGIWQlE OFTliX:HNICAL ASSIST~E .AND SPlOOIAL FUND

(a) aeview ot developments

17. The axecuttve Chairman ot TAB introduced the annual report ot TAB to TAC, which

.... eDdoraed by the Committee. He informed the Committee that pledgfls in respect

ot 1961 tor !PTA had reached 141.6 million compared with 133.8 million contributed

tor 'be previous year. He was hopeful that pledges for 1962 would reach a total ot

145 mi 11ion. It this level W,,::'Q mll.intained, the Board's planning target of S80

million tor 1963-64 would ba aohieved.

18. In the biennium 1961-62, the first in whioh two-year programming had come into

toroe, it was clear that tho heaviest expenditure would tall in 1962. One

cr~'equeDCe ot two-year programming ~s that there was very little tlexibility at the

margin, aDd there had been muoh heavior demaPds on the Contingency Fund than ~Yer

betore. This trend would be likely to increase when project prugramming waB

introduoed in 1963-64, and the question might arise wheth0r the present arrangements

tor oontingency financing were adequate.

19. The oost ot experts hod increased as a result of recent General Assembly action

on ialariea and allowannes. The increasea resources had largely been absorbed by

the new pl0grume8 in Africa. It was most important therefore that there should be

a proares.ive inorease in contribution8~ in ordar to prevent a re~triction in the

development of programmes in other regions.

20. The ACC endorsfld proposals by the Ex\ ~utive Chairman ot TAB f.>r a revision of

axi.ting arrangements tor protection ot the personnel and property ot the international

orlaniaations in the field, to oover a wid~ variety of emergency situations including

natural di5Aster8.

21. In vie" ot the importance at improved oommunioations in thQ deVeloping countries,

the ACC ns partiCUlarly interested in hearing trom the Director of If,PU of the

Union'. intention to seek tull participation in EPTA.

22. The Wa.naiing Direotor of the Special FWld informed the Committee that it was

antioipated that approximate1Y 100 projects oosting the Speoial Fund S85 million

would be approved iu 1962. Pledges for the year were estima~Qd only at $60 million.

The tinancial po.ition was therefore serious. Although in the ourrent year some

obligations might be d.l~.d ia order to bridge this gap, this procedure oould not

be followed in tuture years. For 1963, 90 projects were currently under review,

~""'-r

"''to_).....,...,)1""'''

E/3625page 9

with an additional 60 to 70 anticipated before the end of the year. Of these 150

to 160 projects, 100 to 110 would probably prove acceptable. Approximately 100

million dollars would be needed to finance the 1963 programme, this amount having

to be covered by pledges.

23. It was estimated that in 1962 pre-investment activities of the type presently

financed by the Special Fund would total approximately 600 million dollars; and that

by 1970 a billion dollars would be required. If present trends continued, the Uni-ted

Nations would be called on to carry a substantially increased share of this total.

24. Whilst approximately 130 projects were now in progress, there was too long a

delay in getting operations under way after their approval. The Managing Director

was discussing with the Executing Agencies ways in which the process might be

accelerated, and he intended to make proposals to the Governing Council in this

connexion.

25. The ACe proposed that regular informal consultations on policy issues between

the Managing Director of the Special Fund and the executive heads of the interested

agencies be held, the first meeting to take place in July.

(b) Co-ordination of technical assistance activities

26. The Council's resolution 851 (XXXII) on "Co-ordination of technical assistance

activities" invited the Dni ted Nations, the specialized agencies, the IAEA and the

Special Fund to transmit comments to the ad hoc Committee of Eight on issues raised

in that resolution. Such comments were duly tr~nsmitted and supplementary information

was furnished in response to a ~uestionnaire formulated by the ad hoc Committee.

27. During discussions in the ACC a consensus was reached among its members on a

number of poinis. In view of the present uncertainties regarding possible increased

use of United Nations channels for pre-investment and technical assistance, it would,

in the opinion of members of the ACC, be difficult at this stage for the agencies

to reach firm and definitive conclusions regarding the major problem before the

ad hoc Committee, namely, that of the possible ~ni:fication of the Special Fund and

technical assistance operations. While noting that the resolution did not invite

the ACe as such to express its views to the ad hoc Committee, the members nevertheless

expressed the hope that the ACC would be afforded an opportunity to express views on

the findings of that Committee before the Council acted upon these findings. They

wore meanwhile agreed (1) that any inunedi~te unification of the operations of the

Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance and the Special Fund would not be desirable,

8/3625paRe 10

nnd (2) that the problems raised by the Council's resolution should, on the othor h'Hl<l,

be approaohed in a dynamic and flexible manner, with a view to closer integration.

28. Active consideration is being given to the means of achieving closer integration

in such a ~ as to preserve what experience has proved to be the most valuable

elements in the machinery and methods of ,rork of both the TAB and the Special Fund.

In this connexion, a study will be made of the ways in which closer links betwoen the

two operations could lead to more effective international action in advancing the

achievement of country development objectives; it being noted that the new programning

procedures of EPTA would bring the latter closer to the practices of the Sp~cial Fund.

The members of the ACC agreed to hold further consultations on the question as it

develops.

(c) Rale of resident representatives

29. In resolution 856 (XXXII) on "Co-ordination in the field l1 , the Council requested

the ACC to submit to it proposals by which the resident representatives might, for

purposes of co-ordination, be kept informed about and, as appropriate, be associated

with inquiries and negotiations concerning programmes of technical co-operation

undertaken or contemplated by the United Nations, the specialized agencies and the

IAEA, whether financed from voluntary funds, the Expanded Programme of Technical

Assistance, the Special Fund and UNICEF, or from the regular budgets of their

respective organizations.

30. At its October session, the ACC approved the following proposals whicll, in

accordance with the above-mentioned resolution, as interpreted in the report of the

Technical Assistance Committee to the Council (E/3547, para. 156), were communicated

to the ad hoc Committee of Eight at its January 1962 meetings ~ and will like,rise be

transmitted to the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions in

time for the latter's May 1962 session:

31. liThe members of the ACC participating in EPTA have agreed that it is the policy

of their respective organizations to apply the following principles and take the

necessary steps to ensure that these principles are fully implemented:

(a) All EPTA programming discussions between officials of the participatingorganizations and officials of the Gove~nment concerned should be held withthe advance knowledge of the resident representatives and, as appropriate,with their participation.

y E!AC.49!1

(b) N...; recountry shquarters wtllrough hi

(c) All ctheir headc.nd be ttllproposals

(d) Residof TAB ton.geacy andmay have w

(e) Residco-oreratiadvisers tappropriut

(f) The Eshould bea.ppointedsento.tiveuse shouldGovernment

(g) R.esid"request"out. by a lJensuring fEPT1~.

(h) Residmeetingsmutual un

(i) Partiinformed,are being

(j) Resiof headqua"technicalof discus

32. liThe ACC c

and co-operatio

sentati'V'Gs and

of resident re

be systematize

participc...;t,ion .

E/3625page 11:

(1)) N,.; reque.:;t for a change in the approved EPTA progro.mme for a. givencountry shlJultl be forwarded by n participating organization to TAB headquarters withQut prior consultntiun with the resident representative andt~lrough him with the co-ortiinating unit of the Government concerned.

(c) All chiefs of mission or country representatives should be briefed bytheir helLdquarters on the new co-ordinating r~le of the resident representa.tive,and be told to work closely with him, keeping him fully informed of any majorproposals or developments insofar as EPT~ programming is concerned.

(d) Resident representp-tives should be directed by the Executive Chairmanof TAB to keep each agency fully informed of matters of interest to tha.tagency tLnd, in p:~t\cular, of all discussions of such matters which theymay have with governmental authorities.

(e) R8sident representatives and chiefs of mission should act in closestco-oreratiun with each other, and mission chiefs should serve as technicaladvisers to the resident representatives in their respective fields,appropriate governmental authorities being informed of this arrangement.

(f) The Executive Chairman of TAB nnd resident representatives concernedshould be informed prom~tly of the appointment of chiefs of mission. Newlyappointed chiefs of mission in countries where there is a resident representative should be instructed to call on him at the outset. Appropriateuse should {~lso be made of his help in establishing contacts with the centralGovernment.

(g) Resident representatives should be fully informed, beginning with the"requestll stnge, of all comparable programmes of technical assistance carriedout by a participating organization, and their co-operation sought inensuring full co-ordination between these programmes and programmes underEPT;~.

(h) Resident representatives and all chiefs of mission should hold periodicmeetings under the chairmanship of the resident representative, to increasemutual understanding and co-ordination at the country level.

(i) Participating organizations shouid keep resident representatives fullyinformed, as regional projects in which their countries might participateare being developed and carried out.

(j) Resid~nt representatives should be given advance notice of all visitsof headquarters officials of the participating organizations concerned withtechnical assistance, and kept fully informed of the purposes and resultsof discussions at the country level.

32. "The ACC considered that further efforts were required to ensure consultation

and co-operation between the regional economic commissions and the resident repre

sentatives and agreed that the existing ad hoc arrangements for periodic meetings

of resident representatives at the headquarters of the regional commissions should

be systematized, and that provision should be made for increasing agency

particip~+'ion in such meetings."

pale 12

33. The ..bo.... principles and arrangements were .;ommunionted to the resi-.lent

representatives and other field personnel.

(d) Uso of volunteer workers in the oper~tion~l programmes of the United Nati0nsand the related neenoies

34. The ACC examined some of the implioations whioh Eeonomic and Sociul Council

reselution 849 (XXXII) might have for members of the United Nations family. With

Cl. view to avoiding any major disorapanoies of practico nmong the organizntions

whioh deoide to use volunteer workers, it felt that it would be desiruble, for

pur:i;l0ses of any negotiations with the Governrnonts involved, to reach Wlderstnndings

of a. prolimin.o.ry na.ture as to the implemento.tion of certuin of the principles laid

duwn by the COWlcil, as folloW'sl

(a) In view of paragra.phs 4 Md 5 of the Annex to tho resolution, volWlteersemployed pursuant to that resolution are to have the lega.l status Mdobligo.ti~ns of international civil servants under tha Staff Regulctions of theorganization conoerned. Their conditions of service, however, need not bethose Wlder the Staff Rules governing technical assistance project personnel,but m~ be as set out in Cl. separate document on oonditions of service to beissued to the volWlteer. The terms shall be negotiated between the offeringOOWltry and the employing agency, which is to be reimbursed in full for allpayments made by it.

(b) Other arr~'k1ents are being adopted for the purl?ose of achieving theessential objectives of the COWlcil's resolution 849 (XXXII) which do notentail the inclusion of the volunteer in the staff of agencies as contemplatedin (a) above, and are not intended to involve the agency in administrativeor financial responsibilities. Under those arrangements the remainingprinciples enunciated in the Annex of the resolution are nevertheless to beapplied in full.

(0) Subjeot to later consideration in the light ef experience ~ained duringan experimental period, it has been agreed that where vollUlteer teohnicalpersonnel are to be used under either of the alternatives in (a) and (b) above,a.ll administrative arrangements will be left to individual determination by theorganization conoerned.

(d) Agencies may facilitate arrangements between a oountry offering volunteerteohnical personnel and countries which require such personnel to a.ugment thestaff of their services, pending adequate training of their own personnol.

(e) I» the interest of uniformity in administration, the organizations willoontinue to exchange information on their experience in the use of volunt~er

teohnical personnel.

(e) Rocruitment of experts

35. At its May 1961 sessiont the attention of the ACC had been drawn, by the

EXeoutive Chairman of TAB, to the increasing difficulties enoountered iL the

r~ruitment of expert field personnel for the programmes of the United Nations

Natiuns

Council

'/. With

rsto.ndings

pIes laid

olunteersdons of thenot be

orsonnel,e to booffering

for a.ll

ng theo notntemplatedrativeings to be

d duringnical(b) above,

tion by the

volunteergment theonnel.

ons willoluntuel'

fomily. Tho COlllUittoo 11o.s therefllre ma.dli an urgent study of the pr..ent I,..'h ot

recruitment of suoh personnel, their &v~ilability, Brrangements for traiDina them,

mothods of recruitmont nn~ tho bearing on reoruitment of the term. &Dd oondition,

ef omployment whioh c~ be offered, nnd other relevnnt factors.

(1) State of recruitment nnd availability of qualified personnel

36. It is estimo.tod that during 1962 there will be apprOXimately 7,000 pOlt, UDder

0.11 the tochniccl aid programmes of tho United Nations organisations (regular

bUdget, EPTA, Speoial Fund, OPEX and speoial trust funds). This number include'

shnrt-term posts, whioh m~ entail as muoh recruitment effort as the lonaer-term

posts; it is a.pproximately 1,500 moro thnn the oorrupondilli number of pOltl in

1961. Considering only posts for ono yonr or more, the relative increale ia

much greaters thus by mid-1961 there were lame 1,800 luoh posts already filled,

but the additionn.l nUMbe:&.' expected by tb& elld of 1962 \'1'&8 nearly 2,000, of whioh

reoruitment waS Wlder w~ for approximate:.y 1,300 by the end of 1961.

37D The requirements are spread over very many different speoialiaationa. In

some of these, though relatively few, ther& is reaSon to believe that there ~

be insufficient oxports to meet the neods of the Unitod Nations organisation. &Dd

the various bilateral programmes, in a. granter number - covering perhapI 15 per

oent of ~he totnl number of expQrts requir~d - there ~e extreme diffioultie. in

attracting the neoessary experts, even though the latter are available in .uttioient

nwnbors.

38. Wherever possible, the organizations are trying to widen the are~ from whioh

experts are dr.a.,~, and they are making ino~easing use of experts from the

developing countries. Between 1956 and 1960 the proportion of experts drawn from

such souroes rose from 22 to 27 pe~ oent~ Clearly, however, as is implied by

resolution No. EB29.R.26 of the EY..ooutive Board of WH~ it may not o.lways be

prudent to draw oxperts n~ from developing oountries which themselve. have a he.d

~' The text of the resolution said;

"The Ex.ocut,ive Board,

Having.•oonsidered the report d tha Direotor-General on the Expo.ndedProgrammo of Technical Assista.noe,,'".6. Calls at~ttl!0.B to the fMt that developing oount.ries often have needof their limited trained personnel in order to oarry out their own nationalhealth progrnmmes and that ~.retore they should not feel obliged to relea.esuch' personnel for internationaJ. servioe, unl8l. they belie,... they OaD spare

..--.......,.

&/)625paae 14

tor thelll, and a careful ba.lo.nce of adv.Jnta.gQ must be struck in each ca.se. The ACC

belie..... , in any 08.se, that a. marked incr'"a.se in the numbers of nva.i.la.ble experts can

only be achieved by vigorous a.ction by governments on the lines indica.ted below.

(2) ~ro.ngements for training perso!!!!!,!

39. Some organiza.tions have had moderate success in obta.ining certain categories

of experts by ''u'ra.nging training programmes to give specia.l a.d.ditit'na.l qualifications

~ persons w'ee.dy having the requisiie general ba.ckground and experience. WHO, for

example, has dl;ring the past three years conducted twenty-three tra.ining progrOlllllles

ot instruction nnd field observn.tion for m:.'l.lariologists, sanitary engineers,

en'tomologist~, f3a.nitarians MU laboratory technicians, a.nd has made arrangements for

in-service training (including language training) in certain other fields, such as

publio health administration Md nursing.

40. In those specializo.tions where org~zo.tions believe that training progrc.mmes

might help to overcome recruitment problems, they will use this device, to the extent

that funds are or can be made o.va.ila.ble. Governments also may be able to help in

training personnel, as suggested below. For the most part, however, it must be

recognized that the organizations cannot, for obvious reasons, train experts; they

need people ""ho are already t.rained. In deciding what ca.n be done to incret'.se the

floW' of the latter, it is useful to distinguish between what can be accomplished by

the organizations alone and what can only be accomplished with the a.ssistance of

governments and institutions.

(3) Action which can be taken by the organizations

(i) .!!!-thods of recruitment and possibilities of improving them

41. Methods of recruitment vary widely a.s between different specializo.tions and

organizations. In some cases, practically all experts are obtained through

nomination of candidates by national o.dministrations; in others, a. very high

proportion is found by or through the national committees; in yet others, the

majority are found by direct contacts between organizntions and outside institutions

or individuals. Advertising in t~chnica.l journals has in some cases been found

useful; in others it ha.s been a. hindrance by producing large numbers of a.pplica.tions

from unqualified people.

42. All organizations are trying to make 0. more "positive" recruitment effort.

1'0 the extent -that funds perm!t they are ~trengthening and/or outposting recruiting

starf; making greater use of advertising; and engaging in more recruitment

ts can

ations

extent

o.tions

obi 3625pag. 15

interviews. They are also improving liaison and making more use of .regional offioes

or regional commissions; they are improving rosters of candidates. TAB and Special

Fund management must recogniz~, however, that if still more intensive efforts are

required higher a.dm:inistrative costs will result.

(ii) Improvements in conditions ef service

43. ACC believes th20t the improvement of basic scales adopted by the last General

Assembly will fa.cilitate recruitment, hut by itself .it ~ll ~ot ..solve all .the

difficulties. There is reason to think that while the overall cOllll1on system

conditions may now compare reasonably with those of some of the bilateral progrD.Dlnes,

they are less favourable as regards at least two important "fringe benefits" - namely,

the provision of medical care and the provision of housing. ACC has agreed, therefore,

to extend medical and health insurance not only to experts but to their dependants.

As regards housing, it is clearly not possible, except within limits, for the

organizations to find. or make available housing; this is a problem that cannot

perhaps be wholly solved without the aid of the recipient governments. Nevertholess,

ACC has agreed to liberalize the provisions for installation grants in certain areas

of housing shortages, and it has esked TAB to arrange for a detailed survey both of

the availability of housing in these areas and W'~s by which shortages might be

overcome - if necessary, as a last r~sort, by purchase or construction.

44. The Committee has also agreed that leave conditions should be improved in

countries where the climate or other living conditions are exceptionally tryin;:;.

(iii) Other measures

45. ACC has no doubt that if the programmes as 0. whole are to achieve their'

objectives they must be s'l.4stained, and increased, for many years, probably decades.

Since there will be a continuous or recurrent need for certain kinds of expert,

recruiting problems could be mitigated by an increase in the permitted proportion

of "programme" or longer-term contracts of appointment. Not all organizations have

identical needs in this respect, but those which can profitably employ experts on a

long-term basis should not be unnecessarily restricted in so doing. ACC is gla~ to

see· that TAC has agreed to increase the'proportion of programme a.ppointments to 15

per cent, and that the three-to-i'ive-year duration of SpecU.lFund projects is

already. permitting longer-term appointments to an important extent. It should,

however, be recognized that· in some cases the use of longer-term appointments will

E/3625page 16

en-tail making provision for ll r efrcsher courses", which will entail some extra costs.

On the other hand? more long--term appointments will not only reduce the recruitment

problem but, even more important, will retain in the organizations a valuable fund\

of experience already acquired.

46. Another device, which some organizations have already used and which others are

contemplating 1 is that of hiring:_ under cont.raet from instit.utions and firms, complete

teams of experts to undertcl~e whole projects. This device may increase costs, but

it has advantages in certain projectsn

47. One further direction in which organizations may be able to help themselves is

in ac-ranging better "public relations ll- that is 1 publicity which ma.y interest

potential experts in the nature and aims of the prc~ramme a.nd its accomplishments.

The public information departments of the organizations will be asked to increase

-their effort in this direction~

(4) Action which oannot be taken by the organizations alone

48. Notwithstal1:.1ing all thQ.t the organizations can and will do wi-bhin their own

c<1pc.bilities, ACe must put on record i"G8 belief that significant improvements in the

:..ec:i:'u:i.'/:'ment position of the organizatio::1S .• and it must be stressed that requirements

will grow hcyunc1 1962 - depend largely on action which requires the co-operation and

A~sistance of recipient governments or goverI~ents of countries where the experts are

~o be recruited.

<~. By far the most important is action to facilitate the seconiliaent or temporary

assignment of experts to UN ~rogrammes under conditions which do not detract from

their no.tional service r:ondi·tions. Some governments haye already mo.de approprio.te

arrangements to permit the secondment uf their officers for international service for

ps::-iods to two to four years; in other cases 1 however, no such arrangements exist, and

t~te organiza-tions find difficul-by in procuring the services of nutional officials.

ACC suggests, therefore, that legislative and similar bodies should reiterate the need

for governments to facilitate such det~chme~ts.

50, Secondly, ACe would stress the neec',. -1:,0 avoid demand for experts who are over

qnalifi ed in relation to the assignment, and to make use of the less-well-known but

r..cvertheless perfectly competent expert~ or the high grade technician, who is well

~~:e to ~o the job. Here also, however. recinient ~Qvernments have the last word~ ,r ~ ,

f;',l'.d their full oo-operation ::111d undersJ~anding in the matter [tl'e 8axonestly requested

by AC·,]. A vQriant of the idea, of using loss-well--knuwn experts is to employ, at the

E/3625page 17

beginning of a project, two experts on one post - senior man for an initial period

and a junior man who will be capable of carrying on for the life of the project after

the senior man has left.

51. A third step by which governments could help to overcome the shortage of technicians

in certain fields would be for them to provide training for "foreign service" in

technical 6~~cialities, or training in languages. One effective method of providing

training for "foreign service ll is through the provision of "associate experts" to

the organizations, on the lines now being followed by the Governments of the

Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany.

52. Fourth, the number of experts able to accept appointments would be increased if

recipient governments could plan projects further ahead in time, and give earlier

acceptance of nominations of experts, since experience shows increasingly that the

latter cannot take up appointments at short notice. The problem of timing may well

be as important as the problem of numbers of experts. It must be borne in mind that

under the present legislative timetables a considerable time-lag must in any event

occur before new projects, as approved, can be staffed. The progr~~ing staff and the

regional representatives of the organizations will so far as possible encourage the

recipient governments to assist in this direction.

53. There is also room for improvement in the preparations made in some recipient

countries to facilitate the work of the experts. It has been mentioned that

recruitment would be eased if the organizations could assure experts that housing

would be available at reasonable rents. ACC believes that basically the responsibili-/:'y

for ensuring that such housing is available must rest with the recipient goverl~ent.

In some areas, limitations of housing may be such that provisions for housing should

be made before projects are developed. It is equally necessary that all other

arrangements to be made prior to the arrival of an expert - such as appointment of

counterpart staff, delivery of equipment, approval of budgets, etc. - should be

completed in good time.

54. Lastly, ACe suggests that recruitment for some organizations would be facilitated by

the strengthening of the " national" recruiting machinery by extending the number or the

use of "national technical assistance committees". On -this, the Secretary-General

of the United Nations, following resolution 1532 (XV) of the General Assembly,

has addressed a letter to all governments of Member States asking their

assistance in recruiting experts and asking them to see that there is a recognized

channel of communication in ,their country for the receip-t of vacancy notices etc.

1/)625pap 18

!here la ~ be a oontereDOe, in July 1962 in Geneva, of the European Technioal

.a.••iataDOe National COlIDi:tl'tees, at the ISlUDe time &IS the next TAB session, whioh rill

4isolJ•• nand_nt probleM among other things.

55. lit need 'hardly be said that the lIlt,re governments oan ulSist in ridening the

fhld of aT&ilab:llity ot expert", the less rill it be neoessary to inoJ."ease costs by

further 1mpro~nta in conditions of service; the law of supply and demand is

applioable to the lab?ur market tor expert. u for others. And the more governments

oan help in overcoming the language barriers, which often make it difficult to racrui+

expf'rt. from certain a.re&lS where they are available, the euier will it be for the

oraan1sations to improve the geographioal distribution among the experts they reoruit.

Moh will

18 the

oos'ts by

overments

to reorui+

for the

ey reoruit.

E/3625paa. 19

IV. EDUCATION AND TRAINING

56. In resolution 838 (XXXII), the Economic and Social Council, inter all~

welcomed the recoanition by the ACC in its May 1961 report "of the need to

harmoni.e the aotivities of the United Nations and it. related aKenoie. in the

fields of education and training, and to work toward. the establishment of an

integrated approach to these fields"; noted that the ACC proposed to extend

this inteitated approach to parts of the world other than Africa; expressed

the hope tha.t the machinery of the ACC would be used "to develop reoommendation.

aimed at harmonizing further the policies of the various organiza.tions and at

co-ordinating their activities in the fields in question"; and requested the

ACC to report to the Council at its thirtyfourth session on the progreas made.

57. At its October 1961 and its H~ 1962 meetings, the ACe gave caretul attention

to the matters covered by this resolution, being assisted in its taSk by a .ub

committee which had been established last year for the purpose of reviewing

questions relating to education and training and which, since the ACC last

reported to the Council, has met in July 1961 and in Januar,y and April 1962.

58. Annex I deals with recent developments in Atrica and Latin America and the

f\lrther steps taken towards a concerted progr~mme in those regions. The treatment

is summary, in order to avoid duplicating the information available to the Counoil

in other documents1/. The projects carri&d out in Africa and Latin America are

offering excellent opportunities for closer co-ordination of policies between the

various organizations concerned and for working out and testing methods for co

operation. The paragraphs that follow set forth a number of general findings and

discuss some aspects of the question of the cO-vrdination and harmonizati~n of

policies.

59. As a result of its review, the ACe is satisfied that considerable progress

has been made during the past year in inter-agency co-operation in both the

planning and execution of projects in education and training. As a first step,

the Aee has identified the nature of various problems that have arisen and the

possible methods of dealing with them; some questions, tor example, are under

~ See, in particular, the annual reports of the specialized agencies, lAEA, ECLA,ECA and TAB and the roports of the Special Fund and UNICEF, as well as thereport on the Technical Assistance Activities of the United Nations, and thoreview of public administration programmes submitted under resolution 796 (XXX).

8/:)625paae 20

study by T.\8 while others have bean r~ferred to particular groups of agencies

nnd still others have been reviewed in the sub-committee itself. It notes that

certain aspects of training are being examined within the context of substantiv~

programmes and in the special inter-agency consultative bodies established for

this purpose, such as the ACC Working Group on Housing and Related Community

Facilities. Education and training permeate so much of the economic and social

work of the United Nations family that they are necessarily discussed on many

ocoasions and at many levels. Care must be taken - and is being taken - that

those discussions reinforce rather than overlap each other. l'ill integrated

a~prouch involves not only complex and flexible arrangements buta continuing

process. There must be not only periodic meetings and formal agreements but

also a certain attitude of co-operation in daily work.

60. The key note of the inter-agency consultations on education and training over

the pa.t year has been the relation between education and training and economic and

social development. This is reflected, for example, in the findings of the UNESCO

regional conferences and meetings held in 1961 and 1962 (Addis Ababa and Paris for

Africa, Santiago for Latin America, Tokyo for Asia), in the establishment of the

Beirut centre for the training of ~'ab States' educational planners, adminis

trators and supervisors; in the plans for the United Nations regional institutes,

in l~SCOIS proposals for an International Institute for Educational Planning, and

in the emphasis laid by the Committee for Industr.ial Developmentil on the vital

rale of training in industrial development. In view of this relationship it was

particularly fortunate that the ACC and its Sub-Committee had the advantage of the

participation, on various occasions, of the Managing Director of the Special Fund,

-the Executive Chairman of TAB, and Executive Secretaries of ECLA and ECA, and

their representatives.

61. Most of the UN organizations sponsor training schemes under technical

co-operation in fields within their area of competence. While such schemes should

be in generel harmol~ with those sponsored by other agencies, this presents no

serious difficulty, nor do small differences in methods and approach usually

cause any problem. The ACC believes that it is of really critical importance to

maintain and further co-ordination between the activity of UNESCO in general

}j See E/3600, paras. 45-63.

agencies

~ notes that

~ substantiv'9

llished for

:nmmunity

~ and social

Id on many

~en - that

-grated

<ntinuing

lents but

training over

nd economic and

of the UNESCO

and Paris for

bment of the

adminis-

a.l institutes,

Planning, and

1 the vital

lship it was

rantage of the

Special Fund,

ECA, and

Ichemes should

'csents no

usually

lportance to

general

_----------------B~----.E/3625page 21

education policy, including ~echnica1 education, that of other agencies on

vocational training, and the ILO ~urveys of manpower and human resources, which

are one of the bases of educational and training programming for economic and

social development. In the ACC's studies therefore, major emphasis has been

placed on bringing about a more closely integrated approach of the agencies with

the economic development programmes of the United Nations, including particularly

~hose of the Regional Economic Commissions, as well as with the work of FAO and

WHO on agricultural and medical education.

62. E4ucationa1 programming in its large meaning does not only call for

co-operation between the agencies of the UN family. The same problem exists, in

fact, within each of the countries, where many ministries, oth~r than that for

Education, are responsible for various educational and training activities,

mainly of a specialized character. To a great extent the problem of co-operation

between international agencies is a ref1exion of the national realities.

6). A sound educational structure naturally contributes to a favourable

environment for the activities of the financial agencies. IBRD, IMF, and lDA

have taken part in the inter-agency discussions and have contributed not only by

descriptions of their own training programmes, but by offers to collaborate with

other agencies in the discussion of problems common to all educational and

training programmes, such as investment, and the avoidance of inflationary

tendencies in planning.

64. A problem, referred to by the ACC in its last report and to which it will give

further attention, arises from the relationship between the education a~d training

programmes of the United Nations family and those of ether agencies providing

multilateral or bilateral assistance - in some cases with the use of much la.rarer

resources than are available to the ACC organizations. UDder a resolution adopted

by the General Conference at its 11th Session UNESCO is preparing a study on

further me~sures needed to promote eff,ective co-ordination between bilateral and

multilateral prugrammes concerning international relations and exchange in

education, science, and culture.

65. The ACC proposes in the near future to examine, with the assistance of its

Sub--Gommittee, the possibilities of a concerted approach to assi3ting the

development of education and training in Asia.

1/1625page 22

66. Harmonization must be oonceived as a continuous and sometimes complex process

involvina adjustments both in approach and in practical arrangements reached after

consultations. The systematic di8cu3~ions held in the course of the past year have

raised~ questions of objective and of method. Some of these have been satis

factorily settled; for others no uniform solution has yet been found, nor, perhaps

because of differences inherent in the problems facing different agencies, is this

necessarily desirable; but a process of study and thinking has begun which will

surely lead to greater coherence in the policies pursued.

67. The harmonization of policies must clearly be sought at the Headquarters of

the organizations and in the field. The ACC's wish to promote such harmonization

is evident but one limitation shoulu be noted 'arising from the principle, fundamental

to all technical co-operation, of country programming. There can be no question

of imposing some centrally conceived pattern on the varying needs and approaches

of requesting governments.

68. At the first stage of its work last year, the ACC decided that it was neither

feasible nor necessary as a condition for the harmonization of the policies of the

different organizations to establish a priori a body of doctrine on the rale and

methods of education and training. Education has been recognized as a human

right and its extent refJ ~cts the national will of governments and peoples. It was

felt, however, that the most suitable practices would be gradually developed as

a.result of a pragmatic approach to the partly diverse, but partly common, sets

of problems with which the organizations are faced. Already some conclusions

have emerged which appear to be valid o'rer a wide area, though they must be

formulated with reserve.

69. The first of ~hese is a particular instance of the general relationship of

education and training to economic and social development. It is that any sound

project in the field of education and training has to be set in the context of

the country's development programme. This should be fully t&ten into account

in the planning, implementation and follow-up of the project. The need to relate

training to the economic and social context has been felt by all agencies; hence

the importance attached to the rale of the regional economic commissions and in

particular of the projected development institutes. It is within this context

that the agencies have helped governments to develop their pl~ns in such fields

as agriculture

development re

countries cone

considerable 11

at the plannin

as far as pass

70. Another c

as an ingredie

the waste of s

mission to Ca

It goes withou

unthinkable to

completed and

should be take

representativ

:1.epresentativ

possible a co

71. A third

!last to secon

asked to prav'

a.nd quality a

curricula of

ore in !,laclagas

expected that

as the basis

72. Much atte

alternative te

training at he

of students a

of the traine

knowledge and

usefully supp

problems comp

,rocess

ar have

perhaps

s this

ndamental

either

of the

It was

E/36~.ptLie 23

as agriculture or education and to ensure concordancE of these plans with national

development requi.ements. Trols before in tituting training progr~e. in the

countries concerned, organizations have conducted separate surveys whioh had a

considerable "general" component. The closer collaboration and share briefing

at the planning stage that have now become current ~ractice will in future avoid

as fnr as possible any overlapping in this regard.

70. Another conclusion that has emerged is the importance of manpower surveyL

as an ingredient of an education and training policy, the best safeguard against

the waste of scarce resources. The experience gained by the ILO manpower survey

mission to Cameroun will doubtless give valuable further guidance in this field.

It goes without saying that needs. are so great and 80 urgent that it would be

unthinkable to postpone all educational training projects until surveys had been

completed and appropriate adminirtrative machinery installed. However, me~sures

should be t&ten at the level of the secretariats of the agencies, of their

representatives and their experts in the field in asso~iation with Resident

~epresentatives in order to co-ordinate their activities and promote as far as

possible a concerted action.

71. A third matter of agreement is the need to give greater priority than in the

past to secondary education; in almost all the fields in which the UN family is

asked to provide technical training a major obstacle is the paucity both in number

and quality of the secondary school leavers. The adaptation and reform of

curricula of secondary schools will be discussed at two UNESCO seminars in 1962,

one in ~adagascar in July and one for the Arab St~t9~ ir. September. It is

expected that the other agencies that are vitally concerned with general education

as the basis for their training rrogrammes will participa~e in these seminars.

72. Much attention is now being given to the problem of training abroad as an

alternative to training at home. It must b~ accepted, on the one hand, t~at

training at home should be considered the normal pr~ctice for the great majority

of students and trainees. On the other hand, training abroad for at least some

of the trainees must be recognized as an essential element in the exchange of

knowledge and ideas. In appropriate circumstances such training abroad could be

usefully supplemented by a final period spent at- institutions in countries with

problems comparable to those in the home countries. In additio~, moreover, there

ar- 11ke~ to be many types of specialized training which countries in the process

of de..lo~nt cannot provide at home for many years to come. The provision

ot relional traiuing facilities otfers a partial solution, especially in fields

where the problems of placement tor stu~ abroad are becoming more severej but a

lonc-term .olution must depend on programmes for study abroad, whether in the

relion or outside it, which are carefully planned in relation to the output of

national training institutions. The present and future needs seem to lie not in

a reduction of tho number of intornational fellowships, but in an increase in the

DUmber of tellowships in highly specialized fields of study and for the most

advanced levels ot training in g.neral fields. The whole question of international

tellowships calls for continued study. Importance is attached to the work on this

8Ubject which is being undertaken by TA~, the results of which are to be presented

to TAC in July 1963. ILO mentioned in that connexion the proposed establishment

ot an International Centre tor Advanced Training in Turin, the main purpose of

which would be to assist developing-countries to improve the skills of persons

working at all levels in their industrial undertakings, large and small, who are

considered suitable for more advanced training than could be given in their own

country. The lLD's Governing Body, at its 1962 Harch session, authorized the

Director General to carr,y out thu studies concerning the organization, statutes,

financing, budget and programmes of such a Centre. Detailed proposals would be

submitted to the Governing Body at its November Session. It was understood that

the United Nations as well as the other interested international agencies would

be closely associated with the programme of such a centre.

73. A problem demanding increasing attention is the production and use of train

ina aids of various kinds which are part of educational and training programmes.

Agencies have developed co~siderable experience in aiding the drafting and

dis.emination of teacher~ guides, training manuals, textbooks and many types of

audiovisual aids to the teaching, training and learning process. Further, several

countries, particularly those which have become recently indepen~ent, have

requested the assistance of the UN and Specialized Agencies in the investigation

and adaptation of the new techniques of education and training, including

mechanical methods. In this area of teaching and training aids, the financial

problem is becoming ot increasing importance and particular attention is being

given to it ~ the .gencies.

i i; wa..

Doos '

be ac!

som,} c

75.Emd il

th\3 A

SCI'llt

the il

v&.rio

of ago

the g\

WdoC e

COHl'S

ba.sis

no.t~.o

of :,u.

E/J625pe.ge 2"

74. Among tha \'dJ.: raug\l vf ~ ..mel'ld problolt&s lcmaining for further consideration

ii:. was agreed thnt th\.' que~ ti,1n .)(' Il.CCelola:ton tra.ining is cne of the moat urgent

es:?ecially in t.h~ nl~ly irdopeuden:-' countries, But .s~':n~ q,ul.?ries must be faced.

Doos "e.c~elornted" Lnply l: u bbr('viu":.LC1" or S,lllle reduction in standards, or can it

be 3.chieved by pedr.gv~ic d.ill l.:.Udcc'. to n 'dllingne-s.> to sacrifice leisure? In

soml} Msciplinc£ flf: iC••O; I'l'U; und \'.'}iO pJ::nt eu':, , accl'lerc.ted training may be

il".)l"ccticabl,'. u~'gu.n::'znJ.:.:.-:1::; ur' a~~ .lmu::p.+,;'::l~ oX'OGri{'nce of acc..llerated traini ng,

pn-ticularly in the mc.ny type> "; 01' " uu:{::'lia.'y WOl1{( ::,s", and the condusions to be

cl:"rm f't'om that expedencl' are under caref'l: study.

75. While such consensu::: on some ~;;'..vhel genaral linos of action has been usef'ul

~nd indeed essential, thl.? main effort of the ~C!; in the past yoar has been to

identif,y, or to encourage the agencies to ident:~, a number of mope limited and

more specific issues, the solution of which would facilitave effective co-operation

a:: "'lg th'3 agencies.

'(6. A series of inter-agency agreements delimiting 'Ghe responsibilities of the

agencies concerned in mattei's of ~ducation and training have been described in

the ACC 1961 report (E/3495/Add.l). In some cases these h~ve needed revision and

expansion, and in others the practical obSeryahCe of their terUls call~d for closor

sC~ltiny. The Sub-Committeo recognized in particular that in order to facilitate

the implementation of the agreements, there was a need to reach a consensus on

v~rious technical issues i~volved. FAO has defined sUlne such issues in the field

of agricultural education on which there Q'~l': been some divergence of view between

the gove:..-ninr; organs of UNE3CC o.:ld FAO. '(n thir; C0nllp.xion, rep't'esentatives at t~le

technical level of n.O, Io'.\O and UNE380 met ir. Rum"l :'.r April 1962. Information

wet::; exchanged on plr.nneC'.. o.ctiv~.ties in the f'ie:;ol: ,)f e.gricu:' t'lral educaticn and

tr~ining requiring co-operative effort ~~ ih~ paT'j vf the thr~e agencies. In the

COlU'se of this exchange, experience to elate in \Jpe:"'ating under the terms o~ the ILO/

FAO/UNESCO agreement on agriculturn,l educc:~ion and training was reviewed as a

basis for realizing ever. more effect1ve joiilt efforot in the future. It was decided

to give fuller attention at a later meeting to 'hhe relationship between agricult~ral

education and instruction at primary and secondary levels, the FAO concept of

nat~onal systemA of agricultural education and training, and the nature and scope

of =ural education. The ACC agreed that these inter-agency discussions at the

"Obato&! l.vel had b.en usetul and arranaed to~ their continuation. It agreed

with a recommendation that there should b. more informal consultations between

the t.ohnioal staft and welcomed the decision that a Working Party on agricultural

eduoation and training was to be established by the three agencies concerned.

77. Similarly, the ACC noted that ILO o.nd UNESCO were in contind.q active

disoussions with a view to drawing up a common policy in the field of technical

eduoation and voca~ional training, and to bringing up-to-date the 1954 agreement

whioh governs their co-operation in this field. Two intersecretariat working

gTOupa have been set up, one to deal with human resources and labour surveys, the

other with the programmes of professional training and technical education. At

the disous.ions, held in March 1962 general agreement was reached on a number of

prinoiple. which should be followed by UNESCO and the ILO in promoting technical

and TOoational education and vocational training in the industrializing countries.

In the course of the discussions reference was made to the parallel Recommendations

on technical education and vocational training in the course of preparation and it

wa. agr.ed that there was nO'serious contradiction between them. It was agreed

to maintain frequent ad hoc contacts between the two Organizations for the exchange

ot praotioal operational information and on ihe organization of further meetings

decigned to harmonize policies with regard to various specific forms of training.

It was envisa~d that these consultations might lead to conclusions for

oo-ordinated practical action which might serve as the basis for improving or

completing the existing agreement betw~en the Organizations. The date of the next

me.ting of the working group ~s fixed provisionally for 20 September 1962. The

other m.mbereo~ the ACe are being associated with these enterprises.

78. Another ILO-uNESCO technical working party, with which other agencies will ba

associated when developments make this appropriate, deals with the relationship

and the differences between short-term manpower forecasts in spocified occupations,

and long-term assessments of human resources. In this samo context UNESCO, with

the help of ILO, is drawing up a classification of educational personnel for use

in planning over a 10 to 15 year period.

79. Related to this, though much broader in scope, is the wholo question of

methodology in manpower assessment and forecasting to whioh ILO gives particular

attention. A meeting of experts on methods for appraising future requirements for

[t agreed

between

~iricultural

:erned.

•achnical

agreement

'orking

.rveys, the

ion. At

number ot

technical

countries.

ommendations

tion and it

s agreed

the exchange

meetings

training.

tng or

)f the next

)62. The

,os will ba

iionship

Iccupations,

leO, with

for Use

rticular

ements for

~/3625pap 21

manpower, 1n particular high-~rndo ~mpowor, and for estimatini thu cost ot train

ing tacilities requirod is beinr;: o.rrMio"E'.n by no during 1962 in whioh other aa-nob.

will pnrtici~ate. It muy be notod in passin~ that this i. an area in which Ita i.

o.lread.v collabornting frui tfull~' n,lt only with t~"F.3CO but with many technical

bodies outside the lInitl:lli Nations family •

80. There nrc instances wher!.' a cOl~sid~rnble group of agencies has a common intere.t

in a f'eld of specializud traininrr. For examplu, IeAO, ITU, ~nd ~ltO hnve some

shared tochnical problems nnd it w~s decided that the)' should meet in a Workina

Party, togother with ILO and UNESCO. This Working Perty will exchange information

on: (a) ILO and UNESCO Education and Tro.ining Programmes nnd (b) the training

nctivities of ICAO, ITU, '~10, with a yiew to seeing how the programmes ot the

agencies could be more closely co-ordinated in relation to eech other's taoiliti••

and needs.

81. Another &xnmple is the training of front-line personnel tor work in the

villages who will have a wide variety of tasks cutting across the lines ot agenoy

competenoe. The question how best to organize such training and to use the

personnel available has been referred for advioe to the Working Group on Rural

and Community Development.

82. A more general question arises from the situation in whioh, while some intor

national bodies are discussing the urgent need for increased education, others

have expressed concern with the problem of "white collar tl or t1 educated tl unemployed,

particularly with reference to youth. The subject was touched on at the Addis

Ababa conference •. It will bo the continuing concern of the organizations to study

this phenomenon both in relation to thn oducational systems and to nttitudes to

employment possibilities.

83. In the previous paragraphs, instances of co-ordination by ngencies through

consultation at the central lavel on spocific issues has been reviowed. In this

connexion the importance of exchange of information at the planning stage may be

stressed once again, particularly when the object of education and training a~p.ars

to concern more than one agency. It is obvious that at this early stage in the

execution of a projoct, harmonization can more easily be achieved. Inadequate

use still appears to be mude, for co-ordination purposes, of available doouments

such as the TAB programma submissions, the Special Fund reports, and the Agenoies

1/)6~,... 28

ba4let and programme papur.. hvidently there i. a problem of communi~ation

within a. woll a. between organiaation., and tho fact that one 6~vncy may beottiotally •• iaed of anothor agency's plan. provine. no guarantoo that the people80at direotly conoern.d know of vaoh other's work. It was ag~eud to remedy thisa. tar a. pos.ible.84. Parall.l to co-ordination at the contral lovel, it is essential al.o to pro~)tuoo-ordination at tho field lov~l. Within tho broad lin~ft of policies as definedby th. r••pective governing orRans tho technicians in th~ field cOhling tromdirt.rent ag_ncio. havo somu marain (If dis~rotion which enables thorn to avoidduplioation of efforts and divide ta"ks nmong thomsolv.-a to thll beat interest ofthe oountry.

8'. Thia is merely a particular cnse Ilf a genoral problem (discUBsod elaewhore inthis report) but onp in which in some fiolds of oducation and training the developm.nt institutos and adviaory gT0Ups should be able to contribute with especialttttcttveno.a. The ~.sident Representatives however have tho central rele to playin brinii~ the various agoncy advisers togother, and in soei~ that the governmentauthorities are fUlly alerted to the inter-relationship botween missions workingwith difterent department.. Naturally the problem will differ in different casea- joint miaaiona at one ~nd of the scale to separate projects with sume ovorlappinginter••t. at the other or even no overlapping interosts at all.86. There are, necv.sarily, practical difficulties that sometimvs stand in the~ ot such collaboration; some miasions, for example, are not in the field longenoulh to e.tablish cloae working relationship. with experts from other agencie••Whilt aome organi.ations oan from their own funds arrange from the strategicpo.ting ot advi••r. on a moro or le.s permanent b~ai., other. are wholly dependenton finanoing under EFTA or the Speoial Fund. Nays are being found to overcome someot th••e ditficultie. by such deVice., among others, a8 appointing expert advi.er.to a group of oountri.s.87. Finally, it should be mentioned that the Economic and Social Council'.di.cussion. on economio and aocial policy exeroise a major influence on co-ordinationin education and training, even when the.e aspect. are not specifically under con.ideration. Thi. ha. a••umed an increa.ing importance, from the view point ofoo-ordination, aa emphali, has b.en put more and more on tht training requiremtnt.ot dtveloping countri•••

t people

:ly this

to promote

lefined

'ut of

'where in

develop

to play

overnment

orking

t casea

orlapping

[l the

Ld loni

ancl•••

lpendent

lome some

'Ordination

,er oon-

rement.

88. In the light of thes~ conaiderationa, it ia believod that the majnr r&le ot

the ACC, and of its sub-committee, in thu field of 0ducation and trainina, i. not

to try to aolve o.lone the question of "harmonization of poUcha", but to proTide

a forum where problems can be identified; to encourai& diaouaaiona of th••e proble..

on a bilateral or trilateral baais in a concrvto and 'd bOQ manner; ~d to draw

the attention of ECOSOC, aa requirod, to tho implications of it. policy doci.ion.

for co-ordination in tho fiold of oducation and traininR o.nd on point. of major

importo.nce for developini furthor co-ordination. Th~eu points ~ be mentioned

in thia last respect:

(a) Somo aiencios ho.ve uxporienced difficulties in timing the provision of train

iDi facilities, being ablo to assemble n toachinr ataff but f'indiDi that auitable

premiae_ and equipmont havo IQiged behind. The su~goation haa been made that inte~

national asaistance should be expanded to provide for these throuih lOA o~ Rome other

source of financing more gonorously than has been dono up until now.

(b) In .everal countries wh~ro there has been a mo.a. withdrawal of p~raonnel from

the former metropolitan country, tho qUGation haa arisen whether international

co-operation at the request of Govornmenta cannot properly extend to the provi.ion

of operational ataff in a way and on a scale nut anvi.aged under the original OPEX

scheme, whic~ is limitod to key paraonnel. UNESCO, for oxample, haa been empowered

to recruit toachers and other educational p'orsonnel in this w~.

(c) An increaaini number of training in.titutions, with .ometimea clo_ely aimilar

functions, are being eatablishod by the organizations of the United Nations fami~

and by the other multilateral and bilatero.l aionciea. While this expanaion i.

obViously desirable and neo.~aary to meet tho growiDi needa - and the iTowina

diversity at the noeds - of developiDi countries, tho ACe f.ela that it could lead

to a waste of the soaroe resources of Skilla and funds it proiTamme. were not

oonducted in a co-ordinated way.

89. In this connexion, the ACC oonsiders that the queation of co-ordination ot the

United Nations programme. with the oxpanding proiTwmmei of other multilateral and

bilateral agencies and private foundations including regional organizationa, ia of

inoreasini importanoo. In view of the aile or the•• programme., it would b.

unrealistic to rogard the United Nations programme. of eduoation And training in

iaolation trcm aimilar programme. finanoed from other sourcea. In the oountri••

oonotmtcl the Reddent Reprea..mtll.tivu will have opportWlitioa _ IUl,l the duty _

~o preTent o.trlappin, ao tar as poa.ible. At Hoadquarter. anu in the field th~

UN orl&Diaationa must dovote increali~ att~ntion to .naurin~ co-ordinntion withtbt IOVtrnmtnta and or~an1.ation. concern~d.

90. Tbe ralt ot education and trainin,", and their inter-reaction with eCl'nomic and

aooial cltvelopment, ia v~.t. The oontribution thll.t the Unitud Nntions family can

.... to the lolvlna of the problem. involved i. lmall in rolntion to the t~.ka

that the oountrit. them.elvv. must fnce. Nevorthele.s it is a valuablo contribution,

&Del ita valu. will increase aa it b~comes more closely co-ordin~tod. Tho ACe

beli.vt. that this component part of n much larger Whole is beinu tackled with

Tiaour tTtn though, aa indicated in this repurt, much remains tu he dono in certainfieldl towards achi,vina "an intvirattld approach".

______•• .-__~"...__r•.I ._

,1 the duty

the field th~

dinntion with

1th economic and

>ns family can

) the tasks

Lblo contribution,

The ACC

.ckled with

dono in certain

&:/31S25pA,,\e 31

V. CO-OPERATION m ,ACTIVITIES iW.•UmG TO THEPEACEFUL USES Qlo' ATOUIC ENERGY

91. Last yearWthe ACC informed the l;ouncil of the results of its first &IU1ua1

review of activities of membars of the Uuited Nations family relattna to the

peaceful uses of atomi~ energy which bad boen W'l:iertaken pursuant to ECOSOO

resolution 799 B III (XXX). This year, the ACC ai&iD oonduoted ,uoh a revi,w at

it. May 'e8.ion on the b~sis of intormati~n whioh had been oolleottd by tAil froa

tho other org&ni~ations oonCOnlwG, As prQviou~ly established, the r.view dealt

with scientific conferenoes ~d meetings, t~aining oourses: r.search, health and

safety oodes and m~luals of practice, scientifi~ publio&tions, and technical

assistance.

92. It was noted that the Secretar,y-Gentral's Soientifio Advisor,y Commit~ee had

been mainly conoerned throughout the past year w~th arrangements tor the United

Nations Conterenoe on the Applioation of Science and Teohnol~iY for the Benefit of

the Less Developed ~reas, and that un the advioe of ita Soientitio Advi,or,y

Committee (which is in sener&l oomposed of the same leading selentilta), Illl ..,

propo.ing to submit two p~p&rs to that Conferenou. One paper would deal with the

applioabili~ ot nuolear power in le3s developed areas, and the other with the

applioations of radioisotopes as traoers and radiation souroes.

93. As tar as the work of UNSCEAR is aoncnned, the a.geneles have oontinued to

co-operate with the Committee and to submit expert reporto on matters within their

competenoe, while UNSCEAR itself is preparing its secon~ major report. Like the

report prepared in 1958L1

it will be ~ oomprehensive and self-contained doou.ent,

and is expeoted to doal both with the biologioal ofteots of radiation on man and

his environment, and withlihe le'rills of radiation to which populations are exposed.

94. The ACe was also informed that. in tho course of 1.11. lc.at year, bilateral.arrangements had been ma(lo between WHO and !AEA on 'f.he one hand, and FAO and IlEA.

on the other, whereby inter-seol'elio.riat working groups had been t.tablilhtd. It

wac planned that they would meet regularly about twioe a year, to disous, future

plans and current ~otivitie. of mutual interest. Both group. have held their

first meetings, and it appears that this new oo-ordinating maohiner,ywill proTide a

§/ 1/3495 par~graphs 51-78, and E/3495 Add.I, Annex III.

V A/3838.

E/3"-' 5patiO 32

u.etul ..ana ot al1aning prograllHa and etfecting Itc'lnomiea. Th'HH, standardworking Iroupa are in addition to !9 hq£ meetings dealing with spocific projectssuoh aa, tor example, the joint working group includinG representatives of FAO,'\he 1.9&1\18 of Red CrOIl!l Societias, and WHO, which has bet.>n convenl'!d by LAEA to~i.ou.a qu••tions relating to the further devolopmont ot LAEA's plnns for a systemof lIUtual osargency e.saistance to be put into operation, on requost, in the eventof a nucl..r incident.9'. It waa noted tho.t c' ;;;' '~:11' main o.ctivitiea of LAEA, such, as those dealingwith nuol~r fuels and reactors, and most aspects of its nuclear power ~rogramme,were not ot diroct interest to the othor organizations, so that que~tions ofco-ordinatioo do not arise. This also applies to certain indivil:lual projects ora04iTitiea ot the other members of thfll ACC. Thoy are accordingly not as a rulereferred to in the present survey but are reported upon in the annual reports ofthe ai8ncies and of the regional economic commissions, to ECOSOC.96. The results of ACe'S second review are described below:S2ientit1c cQPf,rtpc,. and meetings97. In addition to the bilateral consultations which are taking place in theworking groups referred to in paragraph 94 above, the different organizations haveoontinued to keep each other informed of meetings of possible interest.98. Th. ACC considered a oomprehensivo list of the conferences, symposia, seminarsand panels relating to the peaceful usa. of atomic energy which were planned for1962 qy members of the United Nation. f£mily. This had a total of thirty-fiveentrie.. Three major conferences were planned, two by IAEA (on corrosion ofreactor materials, and civil liability for land based reactors); and one by WHO(on ihe public health aspects of protection against ionizing radiation). Of theremaining meetings, one is being co-sponsored by F.i\O, IAEA and WHO; one by theInternational Astronautical Federation and International Acad~~ of Astronautica,UNESCO and IAEA; two by LAEA and WHO; one by UNESCO and IAEA; on9 by IAEA andFAO; one by !AEA. and the Belgian Government; one by the International Union oto.odesy and Geophysics and WMO; one by the Association of Radiation Re"earch and~; and one by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) andIAEA. ~e meeting and a series of seminars are planned by WHO, and UFA isorganising a further twenty meetings.

Trainin

99. ~'<l

othor sNation!!

oountri

trainin

the Uni

boing 0

F\,lod);

a.:nother

lGetallu

Summer

(Deve10

Re.dioia

repreSE

undertsfor con

102. T

hOod beEIAEA. hE

marine

in the

"ere b,antici

~/362~page ))

Training cours,s plannod for 1962

99. ~~uoation and training in the peaceful ules of atomic energy al well al in

othor subjects, contribute to the increasing effortl boing mdde by the United

Nations and the agencies to meet one of the basic needs 0: the lesl developed

oountries in their economic and 80cia.l development. Th. ACe noted. that ..vwn

training courses were pl~~ed in 1962 to be organi.ed or supported ~ members of

the United Nations family, a.s com~~r6d with six in 'Q61. nf these, four are

being orgnnized jointly - one b;y FAO, WHO and !AEA. Z,:; T''UY' for Radionuol1de. in

F\lod) ; one by FAO and IAEf". (Rndioisotope Techniquel in t.he Ani.m&l Soienoes) I

another by the Argentine Atomic Energy Commission, IANEC and LAEa (Nuclea.r

lvietallurgy) ; and onli by the Czechoalov&k Government Imd IAEA (International

Summer School on Specia.l Topios in Nuclear Theor,y). One is being held by YHO

(Developmen'ts in Ro.diation Health); Wld two by IAEA (Medioa.l Applioations of

Radioisotopes; and Applioation of Radioiaotopes in Agriculture).

100. In addition, IAEA's two mobile radioisotope laboratories are continuing tovisit Member States to provide t:r.aining in general radioisotope techniqu"s.

Early in 1962 one was in Saigon &Od th,:· other, which ftS sent to Brazil in 1961,

WOos, by roquest, remaining t..'l.ero for a further period.

R2soar2Q,101. The ACe recalled that different organiza.tions ~ere concerned with res.arch to

meet different needs, and that it wes carri9d out in .'Jveral ways. WHO, had

continued its contra.ctual a.rrangements with lCRP and 1COO. The &mount of re.earoh

'being undertaken as a result of contracts ll.'W'&rded OT renewed by IAEA, has increased.

IAEA t S researoh programmes in nrious subjectl are being guided by study aroups otlending experts, at the meetings of whioh the other interested agenoi•• are

represented. It was noted that the results of oe~in research which had been

undertaken earlier by !AEA. - in many ca.seS the work roquires two to tllree years

for oompletion - had been publi8hed during the la.st year.

102. The ACC was informed tha.t tAEA's laborator,y at Seiberadorf i outside Vienna.;

had been completed, with a con8squent expansion of its technioal ectivities.

IAEa h&d also concluded arrangements for the ostablishment of a laborato.~ ot

marine radioaotivity in Monaco concerning researoh on the etfe~ts of radioaotivi~

in the sea. The other organizations attonding the ACC Sub-CoDlDitt('J8 on aoeanoara1>bY

were being kept fully informad ot developments of this progrer.ane, and it ......

antioipated that olos. oollaboration would result.

_1lIIIIi .,;[~_· ...

~",.,:---------------------",_---I',.,.

Scientific 'D

108. ACe re"ll

uses of atolt

been issued

planned for

by the Unitl

three by 1fH

nuclides.

and aJ.'ra:agem

tleasurernent

of Ionizing Ra.

This dealt wit

shortening t.1te

delB3"ed somati

Haa.lth and saf

(i) RAaulatic

106. Last yea]

exposed to io!

radioactive me

It therefore

such non-gove

Nations organ:

that while IL

of health &.. •

concern to th

begun or work

subjects: ha.

(!MeD and IA]

control and i

damage (!AFA)

manuals of se

noted by the

(ii) Radiati

107. With re

expanded its

It is contin

E/3625;;>el;O 34

103. The ACC considered the different subjects which were at present under study ~

grouped under a number of main headings. These activities, which are described

in detail ill Part I of .Annex Il, are summarized below:

A. Safe disposal of radioactive waste.

Twelve research contracts have been awarded or renewed by IAEA..

B. Health phYsics and radiation protection.

ILO has continued research in connexion with the radiation protection

guides referred to in Annex Il, Po.rt One.

Three studies are being supported by "i10 and 27 research contracts

have been awarded or renewed by :'he IAEA.

C. Radiobiology•

Seventeen research contracts have been awarded or renewed by IAEA.

D. Power reaotor studies.

Six research contracts have been awarded or renewed by IAEA.

E. Application of radioisotopes in agriculture.

SeV6!1. research contracts have b-;::tn awarded or renewed by IAEA.

F. Application of radioisotopes in hYdrology.

One joint IAEA/WMO projeot; one study being undertaken by ECAFE;

and one research contract has been awarded by IAEA.

G. Application of radioisotopes in medicine.

Eight reseaJ:ch contracts have been awan.ed or renewed by 1ft-EA.

104. In addition, IAEA has award9d or renewed two contracts which do not fall into

any of the broad groups referred to above, and three contracts on safeguards

methods, which are of interest only to IAEA.

105. It shoul~ be noted that many of the scientific meetings referred to in

paragraph 98 above, contribute directly to the promotion of research. Thus the

Symposium on the Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Nervous System, which was

convened in June 1961 by IAEA, with the co-operation of resu, reviewed the latest

research on the effects of radiation exposure of the peripheral central nervous

system. UNESCO and IAEA. also contribute to meetings organized by other bodies

dealing with research on radia.tion effects, such as the Fifth International

Biochemistry Congress which was held in Moscow in August 1961, one section of which

dealt with the effect of radiation on biochemical processes. Another such

meeting was the Symposium on Cellular Basis and Aetiology of Late Somatic Effects

Wt'----------------.........---1

:3 3625pG.:!e ;5

of Ionizing Radiations, which was held jointly by UNESCO and IAFA in lJarch 1962.

This dealt with the effects of radiation in causing cancer and leukaemia, and

shortening ~~e life span, and with the effectiveness of protective measures aaainst

del~ed somatic damage.

Hea.lth and safety codes and standards

(i) Regulations, codes and canua1s

106, La.st year the .ACC reviewed the extent to which different groups of people

exposed to ionizing radiation and different applications of, and transactions with,

radioactive ma.terial~ were being covered by intarnational codes and standards,

It therefore took account of the work being done b~r other inter-governmental and.

such non-governmental organizations as ICRP and ICRU, as well as by the United

Nations organizations, This year the ACC noted developmen'::'s since that time, and.

that while ILO, 000, WHO and IAEt'.. are the orga"'lizations engaged in the formulation

of health &.. ' safety codes and manuals of practice, "tho progress me.cle is also of

concern to the United Nations, ICAO and URJ, The ilCC found that preparations had

begun or work had been continued on recommendations relatlng to the follOWing

subjects: basic safety standards (~Ea); transport of radioactive materials

(IMCO and IAEA); the protection of workers aga.inst ionizing rndiations (ILO);

control and treatment of radioactive waste (Iil.FA); and civil liability for nuclea~

damage (IAFA). These are described in detail in Po.rt Two of Annex 11, The

manuals of safe practice which had bRen issued or were under preparation were

noted by the ACC (see Part Two of Annex 1I, paras. 18-20).

(ii) Radiatiop standards

lC17, With regard to radiation standards, IAEi~' s laboratory has now considerably

expanded its programme for the distributior- of oalibrated samples to wembor States,

It is continuing to co-operate with IBYli,1 in inter-comparison of various radio

nuc1ides, 1r.HO is also collaborating with IBVrM with regard to raaiation standards,

and arrangements have been cade for inter-comparisons of standard chambers for the

oeasureroent of high energy radia.tion.

~cientific publications

108, .ACC reviewed the number of scientific publications relating to the peaceful

uses of a.tomic energy, including the proceedir"''3 of scientific meetings, 'Which had

been issued in J 961, and, Where the inforli':8otion was available, those which 'Were

planned for 1962, Of the forty-n~na more substantial scientific volumes pUblished

by the United Na.tions organiza.ti.ons during the year 1961, one 'Wa.s issued by FAO,

three by 'WHO, one by W:MO, and f orly-four by !AEA.

~~/3625

pni,;e 36

109. As far as the prooeedings of jointly 8pOnSOr&~ soientific meetings wereconcerned, the practice wns being followed whereby one of the orgnnizationsooncerned assumed sole responsibility for publication, and this was proving to besat.isfactory.

f'2qniQal assistanoe110. Sinoe all the requests for experts nnd equipment for projeots airect~

connected with the peaoeful useS of atonic energy have continued to be made toU:;?A, lthich keeps other organizations 5.nformodY of those which may be of someinterest to them, no serious problems of co-orC.inetion arise.111. ~mclear technology is, however, socetimes used by experts sent into the fieldby other organiza.tions. United Nations experts, for example, mclte use ofsointillometers, geiger counters, a~d radioisotopes in connexion with varioustechnical assistance and Special Fund projects relating to geology, mining and thedevelopment of water resources. Ul some cases IA~ has provided these experts(as fo~ the Special Fund!FAO groundwater project in Greece) or has given adviceand contributed studies on hydrology (ECAFE) and nuclear power (ECAFE, BeE andOOIJ..) •

§/ E/3495 J para. 78.

actiov

the f.

furtlJ

19 to be

be field

and the

E/3625page 31

VI. OCFANOGRAPHI

112. In its 1961 report to the Council,.2Ithe ACC informed the Council of the means

which had been taken, in response to Council resolution 792 III (XXX), towards

the establishment of a programme of concerted aotion in the field of oceanograpby.

The Council at its summer session expressed the view!Q/that, 'While the ACC had

~o~~ ~n ~~e c~nclusion that it was not possible to define at this stage specific

activities fo~ ~hich a concerted approach was required, the organizations

concerned should continue to exchange information about their activities and

examine possibilities fo~ joint action, and that a concerted action prbgramme in

the f.ield of oceanography should in due course be deve~oped.

113. The ACC, with the assistance of its Sub-Conmittee on Oceanography, has examined

further steps which might be taken in the direction of a concerted action programme

in this field after taking into particular account recent developments in the

various organization!3 concerned, namely, the United Nations, FAO, UNESCO - and in

particular the Inter-Governcental Oceanographic Commission established 'Within the

framework of that organization - WMO, IMCO and IAEA..

114. In the light of these developments, it has been possible to identify certain

specific activities for which a concerted er joint approach could be organized,

these activities being set forth below.

315. The ACC recognizes that in the development of marine sciences projects under

the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance and Special Fund, the accuculation

of basic zcientific know'ledge about the ocean is an e'ssential counterpart of the

application of such knowledge to practical problems. It would, therefore, favour

concerted action by several agencies in the formulation and implementation of

marine snience projects under these programmes. It feels that the possibility

of arrangements between UNESCO and Flt.O should be explored, similar to those in tLt:'

execution of some Special Fund projects, by which part of the project is sub

contraQted by the executing agency to another U7.lited Nations organization, SU(l~ :"",

the sub-contracting by WMO to the United Nations of a part of a project in hydrolo;r:.

2/ E/3495, paras. 79-85 and Annex IV

JQ/ Annex to Council resolutions 837 (XXXII) to 844 (XXXII)

Exampl•• at projeots where suoh arrangements might be envisaged include regional

training institute. and cours.. in marine science, where UNESCO could superviso

the ooeanographic aspects and F~O the fisher,y biology aspects of the curriculum,

and oombined marine .cience and fisheries projects, where UNESCO could co-operate

with FAO in the environmental research component of the projects. It is felt

that the pooling of resources of the agencies could serve to strengthen such

projeotll.

116. Th. ACC feels th~t the establishment of a routine exchange of information

beween the .eoretariats of the agencies participating in the work of its Sub

Co~tte. on OceanographY would do much to facilitate inter-agency co-ordination

in marine .cience programmes. Such an exchange is to take place at four-monthly

intervals, and will include information on the follOWing subjects in the field of

marine aoience: (a.) EPTA and Special Fund projects being carried out or considered;

(b) related regular programme activities; (c) the establishment and reporting

of expert missions; (d) fellowship programmes - their nature cnd scope, and the

names ot candidates under consideration; (e) organization of regional or other

international trainins courses; (f) the establishment of regional and national

orcanillations concerned with marine science; and (g) travel plans and reports of

the seoretariatsconcerned.

117. In addition to the periodical exchange of information on such subjects, early

informal consultation on matters of mutual interest could do much to increase the

efficienoy of inter-agency co-ordin~tion.

118. The Ace hp.,~ noted the plan of UNESCO to publish a. newsletter in international

oceanograpr~ and welcomes the intentions of the other interested agencies to

collabo!"&te, the form and ext6nt of such collaboration having to be determined by

the aVpropriate authorities of eaoh agency. It has also noted that FAO plans to

publish a related series on meetings and a.ctivities in marine sciences and

fishlaries research. While recognising that the· objectives and distribution of

the two publications may be somewhat different, FAO and UNESCO will explore the

possibility of combining these two publications, ever,y effort being made to avoid

unnec.e••ary duplication, should it be decided that they be issued separa.tely.

119. In meeting the information needs of marine scientists, some division of effort

betwe~~ the various agencies is necessar,y. The ACC recognizes, in p~inoiple, the

de.irability that FAO continue to take primar,y responsibility for meeting

tde regional

l superviso

curriculum,

.d co-operate

:t is felt

Len such

!formation

, its Sub-

'-ordination

fO;.lr-monthly

the field of

t or considered;

a reporting

Ope, and the

~l or other

ad national

ad reports of

bjects, early

increase the

international

)ies to

itermined by

'AO plans to

.bution of

:Plore the

.de to avoid

,ra..tely.

ion of effort

'inoiple, the

:/3625page 39

bibliographical needs, and that UNESCO might similar~ take. primar,y responsibili~

for meeting the news requirements, but that, since the purposes nnd practices of

the two agencies are not identical, their close collaboration cnd that of other

interested agenciGs are essential, so that the resulting publications will meet

the needs ot the agencies concerned as well as those of marine scientists.

120. While there is clearly a need for more inter-agency co-ordination in the

Illfl.rine sciences, the root of mnny of the problems of inter-agency co-ordination

in this field lies in the lack of co-ordination at the national level, the adverse

effects of which increase as the marine science programmes of the United Nations

organizations are intensified. Each of these organizations works through a

certain ministr,y or group of related bodies, and there is sometimes little or no

consultation on the international programmes between the different ministries•

concerned. Although there have been encouraging developments in several countries,

the ACe feels that there exists a need for further efforts to develop a concerted

~~tion in the ma~ine science at the national leyel as a prerequisite for the

successful co-ordination of work in this field among 1he international agencies

themselves.

VII. CO-ORDml.TION JJID Co-OPrIlkTIo.\t IN 0TEEa PROGaAhi:"': J...."C.i.S

(a) Ipdu.t;ial dev.lopment

121. In responso to the Council's requ$st to the ACC in resolutio~ C39 (XXXII),

a progre.. report on "concerted action i.'1 the field of industrializ~..~ion" (E/3574)

waa prepared in consultation with the aGoncies main~ concerned and nubmitted by

the Seoretary-General to the Committee for Industrial Development ::lond to "the

Council at ita thirty-third 8ession. This report brought out the ~rowing number

of re••arch and op~rational activities in which several United Nations agencies

are eo-operating and contc.inec1 8uggestions for stren:::thening inter-agency

co-ordination of activities in this field. Meanwhile, the General .~ssemb~ called

for a considerable expansion of the activities of the United Nations fami~ on

indu.trial development and had asked the Council and the Committee for Industrial

n.velopment to consider the question of the organization of the United Nations

York in this field including tho advisability of establishing a special agency or

&aY oth.r appropriate b~ for industrial development. As a result of a

reoOlllHndation recently made by the Council, a post of United Nations COlIlllissioner

tor Indu.trial Development is being created within tae United Nations Secretariat,

n:Dd o.n expert advisory committee is short~ to be appointed with a view to

oondd..ring what fur'Cler organizational changes might be necessary in order to

inilenaify, concentrate and expedite the total United Nations effort. The members

ot the ACC look forward to consulting with the Commissioner, when appointed, and,

at a later stage, with the expert committee, on ways in which theSe purposes may

b••t b. achieved as a co-operative effort among the different membors of the

United Nations family.

(b) World Food Progratu:te

122. fh. ACC welcomed a ney and important development in the field of multilateral

oo-operation to promote economic and social development in the develo~ing countries,

n&liIlely, the e.tablilhr.lent under resolutions of the General J\ssembly of the United

NAtions aDd the Conference of FAO of 0. joint United Nations/FAO TTorld Food

Proara-e. Noting that provision is made in the above resolutions for close

oo-operation 1;\ot only between the United Nations a.nd FAO, but also with other

inter.sted United Nations agencies and appropriate governmental bodies, members of

the .ACe e.uained with the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Director-. .Gen!1'llJ. of FAO, as Yell aa the Executive Director designate of the World Food

E/3625pa.ge 41

Programme, the measures by which the United Nations family could contribute to the

iJaplementat:i.on of the Programme. The ACC is to be kept informed at it. future

sessions by the Executive Director of progress made and experience B~ined.

(c) Uater resources development

123. B,y resolution 876 (XXXIII), the Economic and Social Council, inter alia,

notecl "with satisfaction thp proposal of' the Secretary-General to review the

present arrangements pertaining to the (Uater Resources Development) Centre" and

requested the J..CC "to include in its report to the Council at its thirty-fourth

session concrete proposals on ~he me~8ures to be taken to that effect". In 50

doing, the Council was "noting the views expressed by the ACC on the iaportance of

a strong and independent Centre", and it further requested "the Secretary-General

and the executive headS of the specialized agencies concerned to ensure that the

Centre is in a position to fulfil its functions, and to lend their co-operation to

this end, including the secondment of personnel as appropriate".

124. In formulatina the concrete proposals set out bolow, the ACC has taken into

careful account the views expressed dur~6 the debate in the Council at it. thi~

third session. It will be recalled that the delegations participating in the

debate expressed i,hornsolveB in favour of a strengthening of the Centre, and that

several delegatioI1:s specifically advocated the re-organization of the Centre as a

separate, indeponclent office with additional staff, seconded by the United Nations

organizations co&.carned. Such strengthening was regarded as necessary to enable

the Centre to ensure better co-ordination and to ~te more effective action and

in aeneral to fulfil its functions and tasks within the terms of reference given

in the firsi biennial report of the Centre (E/33l9).

125. It is also pertinent to recall from resolution 876 (XXXIII) that the Council

requested the Centre to draw up, with the co-operation of the various organs

concerned, IIproposlals for a priority progr8ollllle of co,,:,ordinated D6veloplllent Decade"

and to submit a rElport to the Council at its thi:J;tq-fifth session containing 8uch

proposals.

126. In line with the above and. its previous discussion, the ACC cGrees: (a) that

the Cli.ntre, while rema.ining located at United Nations Heo.dquarters, under the

{Ienera1 8upervisi,on of the Secretary-General represented by the Under-Secretary

for Economic and Social Affairs, shall be an independent office with its own head

and its own staU provided by the United Nations and the agencies concerned; and

'I ca.lled

number

lCy or

E/3514)

strial

lsioner

~aria.t.,

lembers

, and,

ateral

untriea,

el'S of

reciior-

-------------_._.---------

Cb) tha.. ~.id.a 1lh••xiriiua pods ot Head of the Centre &Dd Technical Secretary,

1lh. C."re will be atatted, u indicated in the statecent ot tinancial implications

(::i:/L.94'/Add.l) presented by the Secretary-General to the Council in connexion

wi1lh the draft resolution leading to resolution 876 (XXXIII), with a. senior

economist, technioal speoialist. as well as secretaries-elerka, as necessar,y.

127. In conddering the que.tion ot thEr aecondments needed by the Centre, the ACC

ha. tirn taken into account the requirelDents taIling mainly in the la.st months

of 1962 tor preparing a repart containinlS proposals tor a priority decade progra.ume

in th~ water re.ource. dOlain. It ha. alao taken into account the activities of

the Centre in years i.Dmediately ahead, including ita increased responsibilities

relating to the implementation of the decade progI'8lllDe.

123. Stariing with the provision ot two Protes8iona1 Ofticers, po.id by FJ\.O and WHO

in the autumn ot 1962, all agencies concerned will mnke available as necessar,y

teohnioal .tatt with well-rounded experience in water problems in addition to

their particular competence. Besides their activities in connexion with the

oontinuing work ot the Centre relating to co-ordination, the ,tatt lD83" be made

anilabl. tor consultations with the Special Fund work and all participating

oraaniaatioos. In this manner, it is expected that co-ordination will be

rirengthened considerably, aDd that the Centre will be able to increase its

oontributIons to water resources development.

(d) aupl d'!tlopgmji

129. In resolution 840 (XXXII) the Economic and Social Council expressed the hope

'thnt the ACe would "continue to work toward the fullest possible integration of

Aotivitie. in the tield ot rural development, including those relating to oOUllJUllity

development, oo-operAtives and land reform". The salDe resolution also invited

oonsideration ot "the possibility ot extending regional training and research

proaram-es on rural development, including community development, co-operatives

and lond retorm, by establishing courses, seminars and regional institutes in

these tields, with a view to raising the .to.ndard of living of rural populations".

The ACe decided, at its se••ion in October 1961, to review the present activities

ot the Tarious United Nations organisations in the field ot rural development,

u a ba<lia tor its consideration ot further steps to co-ordinate activi'ties.

Basio ....ria1 ha. been oollected tor the preparation of a substantive. epori.

il.1 Secretar.Y,

L implications

:onnexion

!enior

~e.aary.

~re, the ACe

Lst months

:&de progra.lllDe

ltivitiea of

libilities

. FAO and WHO

.eceas8.ry

tion to

'ith the

be made

pating

lid 'the hope

t'&tion of

to c01llDUIlity

) invited

~aearch

~er'Q.tives

Ites in

lpulations" •

8.ctivities

.opment,

.tiea.

. eport.

~/3625

pa:::e 4)

130. It can be seen from the preliminary study of the question that, aside from

tho :tield of agricultui'al techniques, 'Which are almost exclusively a FAO concern,

the other aspects of rural development tend to cut across the functions of .everal

interno.tional organizations. Since the mo.jcrHry of the under-d\iveloped countries

o.re predominantly rural, the problems of ruml development o.re a !:ajor element in

the problems of overall national economic and social development.

131. Since the problems and the needs of the rural populo.tions are ~-sided,

their solution must be tackled on 0. brond front involving the collo.boration of

severe1 government depo.rtments. Moreover, since in most of the developing

countries rapid urbanizo.tion, 'When not justifiable by the extent of industrial

development~ is co.used by 0.0 excessive influx of people from countxy to city in

pursuit of better oppo~tunities and amenities, the wo.y to counteract the ditficul~

is to no.rrow the gap between rural and urbo.n life and make the former more

attrs.ctive. This calls for a co-ordino.ted no.tiona1 policy for rural development

end certain administrative measures to facilitate the day-to-day collo.boration of

gov&:mDIent departments on the ma.n;y facets within the rural development progr.-e.

132. l.t the internationo.l level, in order to assist national action for rural

development, the various United Nations organizations should develop cOlllllOn

policies for their parallel o.ction and regular and adequate procedures for

consultations. It is clear that to encbmpo.ss such a vast o.rea ot interest,

intendve and continuous co-operation among the international organization. iw

required. It is clear o.lso toot time 'Will be needed to 'Work out in detail the

steps to be taken to achieve the fullest possible integration of activities in

this field.

133. One step in this direction, 'Which has a.lre~ been taken by the ACC, :ie the

broadening, in name and terms of reference, of the former 'Working Group on

Community Development into the Working Group on Rural and COJlll1Ul1ity Development.

It should now be possible f~r the Group to devise o.rrangements 'Whereby the integral

no.ture of the problem of ru:ral development 'Will be kept in focus while at the

same time due regard is paid to the preponderant interests of different agencies

in par1iicular aspects of it. The ACe ha.s requested that the Group make a study

of the activities of the various o.genc~es in the field of rural development,

showing what each Agency is doing and .".hat steps are being taken and a.re still

required to co-ordinate activities. The Group is a.lso to study the possibility

&/3625page 44

of .n~dina regional training and re.earch prOgralllD8S on rural development.,

includiDg c~iV development, co-operation and lo.nd reform. The Group will

hcl.:i. it. next .eting thia 8UJ11Der, and will meet again, as required, and the ACC

hope. to be iD a position to report further to the Council. at its thirty-sixth

•••=aiOll..

1)4. Steps are being taken to ensure full co-ordination of action projected before

this o...rall BUrTey ha. been completed•. Thus, th~ recen'tly intensified rural

d.TelO~t prograane ot the ILO haa been planned in the closest consultation with

the PAO; tor in.tance, the pilot projects on rural employment promotion to be

undortak8D in A.ia and ~rica under tho proposed 1963 ILO progrncme hAve been the

Mlbj.ct ot prelilliDAr,y consultations with FJ~O, which has been invited to

p6rtioipate in their execution. Similar~, a proposed seminar on vocational

training in relation to agrnrinn reform, to be hlolld in Latin America during 1963,

is being planned nnd carried out by the lLO in co-operation with P~"'O.

(e) C?"?1itY problems

135. 1'he ACC's Sub-Cocmittee on Commodity Problems, consisting of rellresentativea

of the United Nationa, ILO, F£O, DJF and GATT, met in July 1961 to review inter

apnoy co-operation and the progreaa C!f work in the coumodity field of each

oraaniaation ooncerned. Among the subjects examined Were the effects of price'

atabiliaation and support policies on international trade and the relationship

between coJlllDOdiV fluctuations and wage rates and employment levels. Attention

..... aiTen to inter-agency co-operation in oonnexion with coumodiV projections and

in the devel~,PII8nt at a world tood. progrt\lll1e, and the opportunity wo.s afforded tor

the United Nations and FAO to consider preparations for the tenth session of the

CODDislion on International ColllDOdity Trade and for the joint session cf the CICT

and the FAO COlIIDittee on ColllDOdity Problem, both of which are to be held in way1962.

136. The further .tudy of ID8thods to provide international compensation tor

fluctuationao in cOlIlDOdity trade was discussed, and arrangements were made for

dOCWlKmtation on this subject to be submitted to the May 1962 session of the CICT

and the joint-session of the CICT and CCP.

(f) Pull o'IPl9.V!DtPt. und.r-emplQYll!!nt a.Ad unegployment

137. EconOllic and Social Council reaolution 835 (XXXII) requests the Secretar,y

General ot the United Nations and the Direotor-General of the Interna.tional Labour

Office to submit t\. report to the Council's thirty-fourth session on "the kinds of

activities th&t are being pursued or contomplated, no.tionally or in'ternationally,

in rela'tion to full employment objectives, including tleasures for ~lleviating 'the

position of unemployed and under-employed persons, and drawing a.ttontion to BnY

ma.t'ters relevant 'to the subject which are appropriate for consideration by the

Council but '«'hich c:.o not appoa.r to be receiving r,:ppropriate attention". The

United Netions and the Interna.tional lAbour OrgnniBation ar& collaborating in the

prepnro.tion of 0. joint report in response to this resolution. :"">e.rt! of the

report, being prepc.red by the United Nations, will denl with activities in relation

to full employment objectives. Part. II of the report, being prepared hy the

International Labour Organisation, will deal with mec.sures for alleviating the

position of unemployed and under-employed persons. To obtain bo.ckground

information for this report, the two collaborating organizations jointly compo.ed

an annex. to the annual United Na.tions questionnaire to Governments concerning

eoonomic trends, etc.; the annex contains a number of questions on ne..Uonc.l

employment and unemployment policies.

130. ~e ILD is arranging for a prepa.ratory technical conference, probably to take

place at Geneva in the early autumn of 1963, to discuss problems of employment

policy, with pa.rticular reference to the employment problems of developing oountries.

The matters to be considered at the Conference include the objectives (u, eL-pla.YJDeDt

policy; certain general principles and measures of policy of wide applioability,

including the inte~ro.tion of employmen't policy into economic and 80cio.l policy a.

0. whole, the need for co-ordinating educa'tion and training with exP6cted employment

oPllortunities, adc.ptations 'to s'tructuro.l ohange, the improvemant of the organizo.'tion

of 'the em"j,lloyment marke't and measures to meet the social needs of the unemployed

and underemployed; and 'the probleol!l 0: unemploymen't a.nd underemployt:lmlt asuociated

wi'th underdevelopment including the promo'tion of both rural and industrial

employmen't, measures 'to encourage grea'ter use of labour intensive 'technique. in

industrial developmen't. It is hoped 'tho.'t this conf8l'ence could agree on

submission of 0. draft for ft- !l.ppropriate ins'tru.ment to be adopted by the International

Lo.bour Conference in 1964.::I,epresenta.tives of other organizations will be

invi'ted to attend and it is intended 'to seek 'their help in the preparation of

.~/Jo25

pace 45

before

,n with

18 and

~d for

-_..._-------',---------......._---

E/3625page 46

<a) Public agminiBtrajion. including aPEX

139. The Colll!1ittae reviewed the report conce:ming public administration progr8llll1Gs

which bad been preJ.l8.red by the consultants appointed by the Secretary· >Genera.l in

aocordance with Council resolution 796 (XXX). This report has now been completed

after nUJDerOU8 consultations between the representatives of the specialized

agencies and the consultants.

140. The Col!lllittee is keenly awtlore of the fundamental importance of solid

adcinistrative structures ae a prerequisite for econemic and social uevelopment.

l~ believes that the suggestions included in the re~?rt will prove most helpfUl to

the organizations oflihe Unit"ed Nations family in increasing thAir contribution

to the building up of efficient public administra.tions in the developing countries.

141. Each specia.lized agency and the IAEA, in its own sector, MS specific·

responsibilities in the field of public administration, but all are dependent to

a cC1I1siderable extent upon a glmeral stimulus tow.rds higher standards which 'the

United Nations family as a whole can provide.

142. The COlllnitt,ee felt, in this connexion, that - without neglecting administratiye

questions of orgaaization; methods and::staffing, for which research work should

be undertaken or increased in order to provide guidance to Governments - a number

of general as~cts of public administration which go bey'" : the specific competence

of aJl37' one specialized agency and thEl IAEA. deserve special study. This is the

case, in particular, of fields mentioned in chapter "v of the report which relate

to (i) legal and administrative relations betwaeu State and autonomous institutions

fispecially an methods to pri':lserve their opeitr:.tive fleXibility which at the same

time give the Governm$nt the nece~sar,y policy and operational controls and reviews;

(H) structures and technical procedures of the centrel agencies designed to

perform economic and ~ocial planning and co-o~ination of units and institutions

which contribute, in their resp6ctive fields, :in the developnent and implementation

of the Plan; and (Hi) decentralization and opera.ting functio&s of ministries and

departments including field offices and areas of ej~ficient district administration

in selented functions.

143. Concerning the proposal in the report that a. group of experts should be

convoened periodically to review and evaluate the work that is being done by the

United Nations family in the field of public. administration, the members of the

CoJllllittee are confident that sn.ch a. gr.oup, if A~tablished, will work in close

conaultation with the speci~lized agencies.

144. Finally

the ma.rked iJ

personnel at

the fulfilme:

resources of

for aPEX.(!l) Social

145 .. In its

attention t

rural devel(

Commission

in their wo

competence;

suggestions

Nations and

146. Specif

the Con:mit't

organs of t

of the Unit

147. The AC

well adapte

example, t

and rural Cl

Facilities

urban12ati

broad mand

urbanizati

which thee

and cence

forthcomin

meaS1U.'es e.

'lli E/C.5

144. Finally the Commi:tt.ee wishes t(l call the earnest attention of the Council to

the marked increase in the number of requests for opere.tiona.l a.nd execut.ive

personnel a.t. different levels in many developing countx-ies, particula.rly in Atrioa,

the fulfilment. of which would r~:}.uire a significant. increase in the fina.noia.l

resources of the united Nations ~nd t.he special~zed agencies and in particular

for OPEX.

(~) ~02ial and related economic questions

(1) Co-ordinat.ion between industrialization,

ru=al development! urba.nizat.ion and housing

145. In its r9Bolution 841 (XXXII) under the abQve heading, t.he Counoil drew

attent.ion t.o t.he need t.o deal with the problems relating to indust.ria.lization,

rural development, urbanization and housing aB a whole; requested the Social

Commission and the Committee for Industrial Development to take int.o considerat.ion

in their work the close in-terrelationship of the problems fa.lling within their

competence; and requested the ACC to submit. to it, at iots thirty-fourth session,

suggestions for suitable measures for Qo-ordinating the activities of the United

Nations and the specialized agencies in these fields.

146. Specific proposals directed towards the fuller oo-ordination of the wodt of

the Con:mi.t'tee on Industrial. Development and the Social Commission, as subsidiary

organs of the Council, have been placed before these bodies by the Secrete.r,y-General

of the United Nations.11I147. The ACC itself MS long been conc9rned to ensure t..'b.at its own me.chine:\7 is

well adapted to further the purposes set. forth in the Coun<:il l s resolut.ion. For

example, the Working Group on Rural and Coomunit.y Development deals with both urban,

and rural development. The Working Group on !iousing and Related Cot1l1UJlity

Facilities deals with questions involving industrialization, rural development,

urba.ni£ation and housing. SimilarlyJ the Working Group on Urba.uizntion has a

broad IMnda.te covering questions related to rural development e~nd the rate of

urbanization. The annual Meet.ing on Social and Related Econonnc Quetrtions, t.o

which these 'Working groups report, exercises general sup9rvisicln over co-ordinaticln

and ccncerted act.ion within this entire field. The ACC has requested that the

forthcoming .Meeting, to be held. in July 1962 f sho'Uld consider whether additional

measures are required at the Secretariat level to meet the Council t s preoccup&tiOll\s.

W E/C.5/19, paras. 46 and '"' and E/CN.5/366 11 paras. 18 and 19.

E/3625page 48

148. Additional oPllortunities for co-ordination at the operational level of the

tour brand progroanes mentioned by the Council are provided by TAB. The TAB

aesident ReprQsentatives, with the advice of representatives of the specialized

~genoies, when appropriate, can moreover pl~ a key role in helping governments to

co-ordinate requests for assistance and to ensure that the interdependence of

different elements is kept in mind in planning their development programmes in the

four areas mentioned in the resolution. This would be of particular impo~tance

in preparing requests in such fields as industrial location, town and regional

plannine, general industrial development and the building materials industry.

149. It should be borne in mind that co-ordination of activities in the fields

of industrialization, rural development, urbanization and hou~ing is being carried

out on a day-to-day basis by the secretaria.ts of the United Nations and the

speoialized agencies concerned, so that ma~ questiond of detail are constant~

being dealt with on a pragmatic basis at the wo~king level without direct~

involving the Council and its subsidiary organs, or the ACC.

(2) Urbanization

150. The effect given to resolutions 830 B (XXXII) of the Council and 1676 (XVI)of ti:l~ General Assembly has been reviewed by the ACC, which notes the favourable

receptio~ in sevex~l countries to the proposals to establish or desienate national

centres 01\ urbanizatio:a. It cells the Council's ,attention to the follOWing

co-qperative projects, rocent~ concluded or under way: the meeting of experts

n,.. Eetropolitan Planning and Development, conveniold by the United Nations in

collaboration with ILO, WHO 8Jld UNESCO in September 1961, in Stockholm; the

workshop on urbanization in Africa held in Addis Ababa i~ April-~ 1962, under

the joint sponsorship of the United Nations, the !LO, FAO, UNESCO and WHO; the

a.rrangements for a Seminar in Warsaw in September 1962, on Urban Development

Policy and Planning for Europeo.n countries, to be convened underthEI auspices of

the l.lilited Na.tions (ECE and the Office of Social Affairs at Genevn), in co-operation

with !LO, WHO and UNESCO; the plans for a Workshop on the Adminiatra.tiv~ Problems

of Rapid Urba.n Grorlh in the Arall States, to be held in Beirut towa.rds iihe end

of 1962 or ear~ 1963, under the a.uspices of the United Nations, with participation

of ILO, WHO and UNESCO; the proposal to conveno a meeting of a group of experts

on the development of satellite towns and new towns, in the USSR in 1963, under

~he auspices of the United Nations in col1abvration with the specialized agencies

oonoerned.

of the

ialized

rnments to

lI1es in the

l?07:i;a.nce

~ional

str.Y' •

~ields

19 carried

ltantly

'6 (XVI)

'ourable

. national

xperts

ices of

)-operation

Problems

~icipation

~xperts

~gencies

E/3625page 49

(3) Housing and related community facilities

151. The activities of the international organizations in this field have

increased in scope and pace in recent months. After discussing ways of increasing

and improving technical assistance in this field, the ACC agreed that prio~ity

should be given to training technical and administrative personnel; strengthening

the research, demonstration and training activities of the regional housing

centres; and supporting national efforts to expand national housing programmes

based on pilot and demonstration projects. It also felt that an Gxchange of

information among the internationa.l organizations on their activities should be

established on a systematic basis and decided on the annual preparation of a

catalogue of technical assistance activities and a consolidated report on the

international programmes of work in housing, building and planning. This

procedure was initiated ear~ in 1962.

152. The ACC noted that pilot projects in the field of housing and community

facilities offered opportunities for joint action at the countr,y level: for

example, the UNICEF-aided rehabilitation project for three areas in Mex!co City

initiated in December 1961 with co-operation from other organs of the U~ited

Nations and ILO and WHO, and the demonl":liration project in Mogadiscio, Somalib, in

low cost housing using self-help and mutual aid methods.

153. other co-operative projects in the field of housing and related co~ity

facilities include a Workshop on the Extension of Self-Help Hous~g and COmmuLity

Facilities within Community Development Programmes in Africa, held in Tunis, from

9-22 October 1961, under the auspices of the United Nations; a fact-finding

survey and evaluation of self-help housing methods and practices carried out in

selected countries in South-East Asia, September 1961 - Januar,y 1962, involving

representatives of the United Nations, lLO, FA.O, UNESCO and WHO; and a seminar

on statistics as an aid to the programming of housing, building and planning

services for participants from Latin America, to be held in Copenhagen from

2·~25 September 1962 under the sponsorship of the United Nations, in co-operation

with the Government of Denmark, interested specialized agencies, the Pan American

Union and the Inter-American Statistical Insti't,ute.

154. The ACC decided to give further consideration at later meetings in 1962 to

the J.estion of workers' housing, in view of a recen"j; ILO resol\\tion and ILO' 8

interest in joint pilot and demonstration projects in this field.

E/3625pro!?_ 50

(4) frOf7T!W' affecting childrep and YOung people

155. Th_ particular problema presented by the development of trainina programmes

for national family, child health and welfare personnel entail close collaboration

between UNICE3?, the Bureau of Social Affairs of the United Nations and. the

speoialized agencies conoerned. The ACC was interested to note the UNICEF-aided

national surveys on the needs of children, stressing that such surveys should

hAve praotioal ~rp08e8 and be undertaken in countries needing to translate their

findings into aotion, 80 that they could be considered a part of the planning

process leading to the development of programmes for mothers and children. It

noted that the United Nations and some of the specialized agencies have accumulated

considerable experience concerning the needs of children, and that they could

usefully contribute to the planning and implementation 0'1 these surveys by

advising UNICEF on the methods to be followed and on the Delection of countries.

An increa.e in the number of requests for UNICEF-aided projects in which more

than one agency has an interest refl~cts a general trend towards a more

comprehensive approach in pro~es for children and young people.

156. The ACC approved arrangemenb for the preparation of a study to determine the

real extent and the causes of the in~rease in juvenile delinquency. The United

Nations will work in collaboration with ILO, UNESCO and WHO on this project.

The United Nations will also have the co-operation af ILO, WHO and UNESCO in the

preparation of an inter-disciplinar,y study of methods used for the prevention of

juvenile delinquenoy. .A. European seminar on evaluation of services intendad to

prevent juvenile de1inqu~cywill be held in Italy in October 1962, under the

auspices of the United Nations, with the co-operation of ILO, UNESCO and WHO.

The ACC a180 considered various possibilities for inter-agency collaboration on

Un3SCO project~ related to the question of juvenile delinquency and -the relevant

continuing activities of ILO and WHO.

(5) UNESCO regional training centres

157. The ACC has kept under review the ques'bion of future inter-agency participation

beyond 1964 in the UNFSCO Regional Training Centres for Education for Conimunity

Development (ASFEX::, located in the United Arab Republic, and CRHF.AL, located in

~exico). It was informed of the recommendations of a special committee for

CaIilFAL (established by th'9 UNESCO Executive Board) and of the Arab States Advisor,y

O~ttee for ASF:EX:, and proposes to consider these recommendations at its

Octobe~ session.

nIT programmes

a collaboration

a.nd. the

a UNICEP-a.ided

eys should

rnnslate their

a pla.nning

ildren. It

lave accumulated

bhey could

rays by

)f countries.

rhich more

I determine the

The United

project.

IN'ESCO in the

Irevention of

intendad to

under the

and WHO.

boration on

ihe relevant

cy participation

r Cominunity

loca.ted in

ttee for

liates Advisory

:lot its

.1:./3625page 51

(6) Land reform

158. The ACC believes that 'the report on land reform, prepared for the oonsideration

of the Council (thirty-fourth session) and th«1 Assembly (sevente91lth ses!:iou)

under General Assembly resolution 1426 (XIV), marks a further stage in inter-

agency collaboration in this field. The report was prepared by the United Nations,

FAO and ILO, contributions also having been made by UNESCO, IBR.D and the Spec ial

Fund. Included are analyses of the progress of land reform in eeneral, of land

reform in relation to agricultural productivity a.nd. output and to employm.ent,

wages and living conditionlS, as well as considerations of the question of financing

land refo1'lU and of lend reform in relation to community development. The report

also includes summaries of the assistance rendered to Governments b,y the members

of the United Nations family.

(7) other social and related economic questiops

159. Having reviewed the Andean Indian programme the ACC noted its general progrebs

the transfer of responsibility from internatioJ" 1 to national personnel, and the

growing signs of d~terminattion of the Governments concerned to link their

integration progremmes to general economic and social development schemes. I·~

considered matters of cOlllDOn interest to the United Nations and the specialized

agmcies in connexion wi":h the ILO Convention No. 107 on the Protection and

Integration of Indigenous and otheX' Tribal and Semi-Tribal Populations in

Independent Countries. It took note of proposed ILO studies on problems of

integration in parts of Af~ica and other regions in transition from tribal or

semi-tribal forms of society and econonu to modern forms, and the relation of

these studies to research and projects of other international organizations

directed toward the economic and social development of the countries concerned.

160. The ACe noted the orientation of agency programmes toward community devel:.~i:~:lt

and concerted action at the regio.J.al and country levels for the period 1960-62.

It considered that regional inter-agency meetings on cormmmity development can

usefully supplement the cen'liral co-ordinati:ng a:t'1'angemcnts by exchanging informa~ioI:.

on country prograames and &D&1yaing the expe:riex:.ce gaine,a. in these progr&1IlIl18S so

that it can be applied in ftlture planning. Arrangements were made to associate

resident ropresentative. 19Ven more closely,rith the development of the.. progra.mm3s

at the country level.

161.. It "ook note of the uletul reaults of an Inter-.Ag.ncy Meetine on

B'hAbt11j!119Q of the H!A4ic&pqed. The value of advance information for planning

purpos.s in this field and the n••d to incr.aae co-ordination at the regional

1.T,l w.r. emphasized.

162. Statiatica tor aocial programmes have been further reviewed under the auapicea

of the J..CC and a"re.ment haa been reached on the method of compiling the

"IlAndbook of Houa.hold Surveya" and on preliminary tc.blea for the "C~ndium of

Social Statistica", arrangementa for the publication of which a~e under consideration.

During the cour.. of the year, an additional study will be made of 80cial-

.cono=dc cla.aificationa and the needa of statistics for education and training

programme. will be examined.

(h) OjQ.r programme artas

163. Tb. aotiviti.a of the difterent organisations concerned in the queation of

international co-operation in the Rt!2!tYl UleS of outer space were summarized in

a report by the ACC IUbmitted to the Council in 1960 (E/3368, paras. 18-21 and

Annex XI), in r ..ponae to a requeat by the latter. It is following wi~ the

k8ene.t inter.at the developmQnts ariaing out of the recent action by the General

A..embly with regard to this question (Geueml Assembly resolution 1721 (XVI).

In accoTdanc. with the provisions of the General Assembly's resolution, the

Council will have before it, at it. thirty-fourth nasion, apecial reporta on

thia IUbject. The ACC has noted with satisfaction the measure. alr~ taken by

the &8,ncie" concerned towarda the preparation ot these :L'eports and the extenaive

oonsultationa whi~h have taken place between lTU, WMO, UNESCO, leAO and IAEA, &8 well as

with the International Council of Scientific Unious.

164.. Concern has on various occasion. been expressed in the Council that action of

the 110, UNESCO, and The International Union for the Protection of Literary and

Artistic Works (Berne Union) in respect of the jaternational protection of

RlrfOnw[s. producers of pl;oPog1'!lls and broadcast:!.M .2tpnizai;ions should be fully

oo-ordinated. Despite initial divergencies of vllew8 which reflected the conflic'liing

interests of acme of the groupe concerned, full co-ordination is secured on the

basis of the principle tMt the interests of the three organizations in thlet -.tter

are cloaely interrel"ted and in ao_ respects complementary and that the

aimultaneoua regulation of the different aspects of the problem of protection will

p:l'O'9'e beneficial to 'the performera concerned. and to the public at large.

165 ..

Ipie••

.era"tion.

La well as

.ic'ting

F./3625page 53

165 .. A Diplom&tic Conference convened jointly by the three organiza.tion. Mt in

Rome from 10 to 26 October 1961 Bond adopted an International Convention for the

Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograma and BrO&dcaating Organisation••

The Convention 1O\Y6 down the principle t.Lat Contracting Stat~1\l "hall guarantee

tho treatment accorded to their own nationals to parformera, producer. of

phonograms and broe.dcaPlting organizations of o.nother Contracting :3ta-te, and

specifies the nature of the protection to be given. lnter-organization

collaboration in this field will not cease with the adoption of the Convention,

which provides for the establishment of an inter-governmental CO'Dll1ittee to study

questions concerning th6 applioation and opero.tion of the Convention; officials

of the three organizations concerned will constitute the Committee's .ecretariat.

suaVEY MISSICNSVIII.

1/361:5,.,. 54

166. In view of the Council's preoccupa~ion with the question of possibleund••irabl. overlapping or duplication in respect of broad survey missions,l2!the ACC has had a study made of missions undertaken by member~ of the UnitedNation. family during the past three years and of those currently planned,where the aim has been to collect a broad range of information on economic,.ocia1 and administrative factors as a prerequisite to planning assistance tonewly independent and or,or developing countries. The study has also dealtwith the precautions which had already been taken to prevent overlapping andwith iurtbor m~~~ures which might be desirable for this purpose. The ACCnot•• that a substantial amount of consultation on survey missions has in factb.en carried out for ~ number of years; for example, arrangements have been inforce whereby the other organizations concerned are consulted with regard tothe execution of missions of the IBaD. At the same time, the ACC recognizesthat there mny be need for improvement in present practices in certain cases,.and is taking steps to this end. One of the more difficult problems relates tothe decision whether a survey mission is in fact necessa~ in view of pastmissions and the availability of present information. A solution to thisprobl&m will require the co-operation of Governments which request the missions.167. In many cases, inliernational agencies require a broad range of infomationregarding economic, social and administrative factors of a country before theyC~ .ffectively ~lan assistance to it in their respective fields, thi~

information being often required at short notice. It is also obviouslyimportant to avoid two or more general surveys, covering essentially the samebroad fields, being carried out in the same count~ within a short period oftime; and to ensure that each agency seeking information is aware of relevantinformation available to othe~ agencies, and t~at where a survey mission isorganized to obtain supplementa~ information, the responsible agency oragene'e. will, so far as possible, cover the requirements of other agencies thatmight be concerned.

W Annex to Council resolutions 837 (XXXII) to 844 (XXXII) ~

!sible. 12/lJ.ons,-

Uni ted

illed,

:omie,

,anee to

ng and

in fact

e been in

lrd to

>gnizes

~ela.tes to

missions.

nforrnation

re they

.,~ same

llevant

ies that

JiV3625page 55

168. There might be some advantage if information on the planning and resuIts

of survey missions could be made available to the organizations concerned

through some central collecting point. The ACe feels, however, th~t delays

would be likely to ensue from such a measure; instead, it has agreed on a

strengthening of existing arrangements for consultation and co-ordination. As

soon as a survey mission extending beyond their own fields of competence is

contemplated, the agencies must devote every effort to obtain all available

information and help, including technical documentation, not only from the.Governments concerned, but also from the other agencies, the regional commissions

and resident representatives, and keep each other advised through direc~ and

full consultation. Where necessa~, there must be joint planning, precautions

being taken to prevent deluys. Information must also be elicited on ~lans for

oth~r missions, whether in the same region or elsewhere, which may have a

bearing on their own, in order that the agencies may, where possible, modify

their plans in the light of those of other bodies.

169. A major problem is to secure the maximum of agreement ~ong the

organizations regarding objectives for economic and social development in a

particular country. In order to achieve this, the survey missions must be

apprised of and take into account the plans, objectives and main targets for

deve] Jpment of the Goverrments, where these have been formulated. The missions

should also make use, as practicable, of the studies on possibilities for

economic and social development in a ~~untry which the regional economic

commissions or resident representatives might be able to supply and consideration

should be given to the use of such staff as they could make available. In order

to facilitate the use of such staff and other preparations, ample notice of the

plans for missions has to be provided.

170. Si lilarly, once the missions have begun, other agencies and resident

representatives concerned will be kept advised of developments and SUbsequently

of results, as appropriate, and - where the nature of the material permits

will be supplied on a regular basis with Ihts of reports or the reports

themselves of such missions and with information on follow-up action.

_------------'-01/3625,.,. '6

171. In cases where a eission involves relations with agencies outside theUnited Nations family engaged in eultilateral or bilateral progr~es of aid toa count~, these relations will be developed, as appropriate, not only athead~uart.rs but also through the resident r~presentatives and agencyrepresentatives, at the count~ level.172. At the administrative level eve~ effort will be made further to improveinter-secretariat consultations on the composition of survey mission teams,briefing of personnel, particulars as to repo~ting for duty, travel arrangements,proTision. for p~ent of salaries, and so forth.

173. A few remarks on survey missions in general and their significance may beof interest to the Council.174. The usefulness of the survey mission device is to be measu~ed by tile extentto which the mission's recommendations are given serious consideration by theGovernment to which they are addresr.ed, the extent to which they are incorporatedinto the programme finally adopted, and, most important of all, the extent towhich they are implemented. It is hardly to be expected that a mission'srecommendations would ever be accepted in their entirety or precisely asformulated, particUlarly since they are necessarily projected over a period of~ormally tive to ten years, during which their validity dUd feasibility may beeffected by unforeseen, and in any event immeasurable, economic and politicaleTents. Governments are therefore urged to study the recommendations carefullyand to modify them as app:ropriate; in addition, they are cautioned that anyprogramme derived from the recommendations should ~e periodically reviewed. Ina number of instances the agencies have made available the services of members oftheir staff or consultants to help Governments in considering a mission reportand in giving effect to its ~ecommendations. It is gratifying, in thecircumstance8, that this kind of technical assistance has proved to have sosignificant an influence on the approach of recipien't countries to developm&rtt

E/3625page 57

programming and development problems, and that in so maqy instances Governments

have accepted and acted upon the proposals made in survey mission reports, for

example, by making them the basis of a long-range prograIlllle and by organizing

or reorganizing planning machinery or development institutions.

175. Moreover, the mission reports are in themselves a most effective vehicle

for the co-ordination of future technical assistance. Y~ssion recommendations,

since they cover the major elements of a development programme, indicate the

areas in which further technical assistance would be desirable and the degree of

urgency which should attach thereto. They suggest to the Governments specific

projects of research and investigation, and frequectly propose that the

Government seek the assistance of the Uhited Nations or a specialized agency

for a partiCUlar undertaking.

,.H":lII

Jtj3625

"'8 58

U. RmIOOAL DZ\TELO~T INSTITUTES

176. The executive head of the specialized agencies concerned noted the act~on

recently initiated for the establisnment of Economic Development Institlltes

clo8Qly linked to the regional economic commissions. To deal adequately with

the interdependent problems of general and sectoral planning for economic and

800ial developoent the Institutes must provide adequate staffing for both and

this consideration has already been a factor in the plans for the Latin American

Institute approved by the Special Fund. The Secretary-General felt that it

would contributa greatly to the offectiveness of the In5titutes that they should

enjoy the benefit of the accumulated experience·of the agencies and the

oontr~butions the latter can make to development progr~~ing.

177. The Committee recorded its understanding th!l.·~ the l!rillCiples on which

inter-secretariat co-operation and co-ordination have been built up over the

yearl, including, a8 in the case of FAO, joint Divisions :n regionf'.l economic

oommillions, will apply fUlly to the new Institutes, nr.d that appropriate

prooedures and arrangements to implement theso prbciple~ will be worked out.

It welcomes the assurance given by the Secretary-General that '~here w'ill be

turther consultations with interested agencies in regard to the organization anu

p~ogramme of the Latin American Economic Development Instituto as well as in

the prelimina~ planning of the Institutes for Africu n~d Asia. It was

gratified also to note ECAFE's invitation to the specialized agencies to

co-operate with the Executive Secretary in planning the Asian I.lstitute for

Eoonomic Development and the proposals of ILO, FAO and gmSCO to assist him in

developing the manpower, agricultural and educational se,~-:ors. Provisions

will be made for regular consultations on the preparation and the implemtlntation

of the Institutes' programmes, in the course of which regard will be had to

enluring that the resources available are used to maintain an appropriate

balance between general and sectoral fields.

he ncti.on

ly with

ie and

th and

American

ray should

>nomic

.tion Mu,s in

him in

tlntntion

E/3625page 59

x. PUBLIC INFORMATION

178. The ACe notes the current plans for est~blishing an Economic and Social

Information Unit within the United Nations Office of Public Infomation, the

c.i:ll of wh: :h will be to provide: intensive, continuing and co-ordinated

information thrcughout the world on the econooic and social activitios in which

the United Nations family is engaged, with particular reference to the United

Nations Development Decade. Members of the ACe look forward to ~lose

oo-oporation butween the work of this Unit and their agencies, both at the

planning and at the executive levels, stres~ing once again the iuportanca of

United Nations publicity providing a b~lanced picture of the wurk of all the

organizations involved.

179. The question of participation by members of the United Nntions family in

international exhibitions has been the subject of considerable study by the ACC,

and certain general policy conclusions have been reached. It is directly

within the mandate and clearly in the interest of the United Nations and its

fr~ly of related agencies and organs to utilize eve~ opportunity for presenting

to as wide a public as possible the story of the constructive international

efforts upon which the United Nations family as a whole is continu~usly engngeo,

and exhibitions and fairs may offer such opportunities, provided they &r~ of an

international cnaracter, of universal interest, and not inconsistent with the

general aims and policies of th~ Ullited Nations organizations.

180. Members of the ACC will therefore give consideration to offers of

co-operatiqn received from representative groups or institutions, willing and

able to undertake all professional, technical and practical arrangements for the

joint "presence" of the United Nations family nt such exhibitions. Such offers

must in particular include financial res,onsibility for meeting all costs

involved and must not be designed 'bo promote c:ny commercial interest. Members

of the ACC, for their part, would co-operate with and proviae advice to such

groups or institutions and, in particular, would endeavour to assist them in

presenting a balanced, effeotive and unified picture of the aims and

accomplishments of the Unitei Nations organizations.

iV36~,..,. 60

181. The United Nations family doe~ net consider it possi~lu ccll~ctively to

construct and/or maintain pavilions of its own, or to endorse cfficially

e~hibitions nrranged oy others.

182. Individual organizations will continue to pnrticipt\t~ in exhibitions of

special interest to them, but wi 11 tnlw into accoWlt the pvliC' 1\' outlinvd

..bove.

183. Aa rega.rds possible participn:i..ion in the New York.iorld IS Fdr, 1964-1965,

the ACC has decided to set up n iVorkin:( Group to nct ns r.. pO.:Ilt of contuct with

the organizers of the Fnir :md groups or insti tutions intl.>rested i •• assuri.ng

United Nations family "presence" at the Fair, under the conditions set forth

above.

11' of

>4-1965,

, with

E/3625page 61

XI. ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL QUESTIONS

184. Consultations were held by the ACC on a number of administrative and

financial issues. In accordance with the established procedure, the members

of the ACC will bring to the attention of their respective organs, as

appropria.te, recommendations resulting from tho,je consul'tations. Certain

developments may, however, be referrod to at this stage:

185. The ACC hns noted with sa.tisfnction that in most organizations legislative

action has been taken to give effect to the recommendations of ICSAB for revised

international sala!y scnles.

186. Within the realm of conditions of service, the COlllllittee has approved a.

l'evision of the amounts of cOl"JpQnsntion for service-incurred illness, injuX'Y or

death. This constitutes the first stnge in a major review and revision of the

relevant rules, intended ultimately to l~~d to the adoption of dofinitive

compensation rules cor.unon to all or[llIlizlltions in the UN cor.unon system of

scluries. The Committee also made its customa~ review of rates of SUbsistence

Qllowances, stipenas, installation srnnts and c~rtnin Goner~l Service salar,y

scnles at fiold stntions. It agreed further to seek legis1::l.tive approva.l tor

n change in conditions relating to service benofits, by which associate

participants in the Joint Staff Pension Fund, when mnde full participants,

should not autc~aticnlly lose their ~ccrued entitlement to these benefits.

le7. The COml"Jittoe took note that n rovisicn of the 1949 inter-organizational

acreement on ~ransfer of stuff had reac~ed an advanced stage of preparation;

fina.l agreement would be gi'\l'en by correspondence.

188. It again reviewed problems arising from the growing responsibilities ot

the organizations for technical assistance and other operntionel ectivities, and

adopted a number of measures intended to mitigate conditions ef service in

difficult field areas, partiCUlarly as regards health and housin~ problems.

189. The ACC has noted with satisf~ction tho progres3 achieved, with the help

of Governments, as regards buildings which might sorve fiS comr.lon premises for

various organizations of the United Nctions family, in certain capital cities.

Specia.l mention may be made of Addis Ababa, whero the construction of llAtrica

Ha.ll" by the Ethiopian Government has 'been completed; Dnllckok, whero the initial

steps in planning fOT the construction of a co~~on buildinS have been tekan;

l/3625paae 62

C~tro, where the Government has indicctud its willingness to provide n site and

finance the construction of n conwon building fur the offices of the United

Nations and a n~~ber of the uKencius concerned; New Delhi, whore planning for

the construction of no COhJr.10n building by the Indinn Governm9nt hn.s I.·ntered into

active phase; and Tunis, where tho Govornment has provided Cl. COU::lun building.

190. In noting that the nwr:bt:r of ..wotings being jl'intly sponsored or

organized by two or r.loru crgl\nizf\tilJn~ w:,\s incrl:1:\sing, the ACe considerod thut

it was desirable to sir.lplify some "i' th\' ndminb;l:,rl\tivu I'.rrtm/o{I.'I'l.'nts. In this

connexion, it WI\S agroed th:1tthtJ ,.ll'~hers of the Ace wl\uld take ::ppropriatl.'

!r~eps to avoid unnecvssnry duplic~tion in the issuance of inviktions to the

sMte meeting by more t.han onll orgnni::aLion.

191. The question of the issu~lce of postage stamps for purposes of publicity

a.nd of rll.isin~ funds W~13 rnisl:1d by t:w Director of th\' International Burllf\u of

t~e UPU. ;fuilc, in his vi(.'w, spl'cir:.l issu,-,s are <\dI:lissiblo for the benefit of

ce.mpnigns for important huma.ni tari:m :md socinl I>urposL's, thtly should be confinud

to really exception::.l occ;~sions, MC: :my finlUlcinl contribution t~at r;liGht be

onde to th~ cUr.lpnigns by such issues should be ~ secondary :md not a primary

considp.rcLtion.

192. l.:embers of the ACC confirmed thnt, before tn.kin~~ uny decision to request

Governments to issut) sptlcio.l or cor.:mc!:lOrative postnge stfomps l'.tld first day covers

for purposes of publicity ~d the rnisin~ of funJs, they would consult the

International Bureau of the Universal Postul Union, which woulJ render advice in

the mRtt~r keeping in mind dccisionn clrcady t~ken by ~thcr agencies of the

Urdted Nations family regard.ing the issue of such st,...mps or covL'rs, as well as

the extent of world-wide interest wIdc:. might bu nrt:used. Such consultation

would also take plncu as rtl[inrds tI1'-' sule 0f such St:lhlPS or covvrs whl're new

nrrangements for their so.lo for phil:~telic purposes are con"Lel:lpl:;,tod.

set up

Infintld

:overs

E/3625.Io.nnex Ipc-Ce 1

J.NNEX 1

EDUCATION ~ TRhINING

I. AFRICA

1. Developconts in the fiold of education nnd training in Africa have been una.r

close review by the ACC for more tho.n a year. In the light of these developnents

the ACC folt it could define some further prospects Md possible lines of action.

These findings will be summarized in this s8ction atter a brief review of reoent

developmonts has been presented to supploment the information given in the la.n

ACC report which should be read in conjunction with the present ~coount.

2. In its last report aCC gave a fairly comprehensive pioture of the efforts

being mo.de to meot the espocig,lly urgent needs of .&.frica for education a2.d

training, especially in the newly independent countries. FOremost among these

was the Conference of Africnn State~ on the Development of lOO.ucation in Afrioa.

hsld in Addis J..baba in MtW 1961 and organized jointly by UNESCO and ECA with the

active participation of other agencies. Partly as a direct consequence flowing

from this Conference, and ~artly in response to e generallY intensified intereat

in Africa, the legislative bodies of several members of the UN t~ily have taken

action to increase their activities in education and training in that continent.

In particular both FAO nod UNESCO have m~e considerable additional aume

available within their regular budgets to re-inforce the increasing umounts

d~voted to the smne area under EPTa and the Special Fund.

3. In the light of the findings of the Addis Abo.ba Conference UNESCO has

procedures for providing aid to African countrio8 in Educational planning.

aid is being made availo.ble to each oountry over a period of two years. It

includes a series ot short-term missions to each oountry composed of international

experts, on various aspec'lis of educa.tional planning reoruited, by UNESCO. other

agencies suoh as ILO and FA.O 0.8 well as ECA have mo.de experts or information

available, tos required.

4. These eduoational planning groups have the ta!lk of presenting the Government

with recoDlllendations on a.dministro:t.ive ma.chlnery, of defining the problems

requiring study for the expansion and im.tS'1 vement of the educational 8Y.tem, and.

of a.sembling facts in relation to these problems. In 1I0ae cases the group. will

1/362'Anna• I'P1lo£8 2

pre.ent to the r.~vernment the elements of educational du'velopmant plans to be then

elaborat~ and put into effect by pennanent educa.tionnJ. planning commi ssions.

Tbe.. various tesks call for one or more missions of some two to four months'

duro.tion.

5. Educational planning groups have been or will be set up in (i) Sierra. Leone

and upper Volta in 1961J (ii) Cameroun and Somalia early in.1962; (~ii) Libana;

Runnda Urundi, Iofadagascar and Tangnnyilm, during the latter half of 1962; and

(iv) Kenya a.nd Ivory Coast during 1963, or at such 0. date as to permit talting

advo.ntnge of the IBRD report on Kenya.

6. Particular importance was attached by the ACC to the meeting of Ministers of

EduC'ation of African countries participating in the implementation of the ac':is

.Ababa pian, convened in Paris, during March 1962 by UNESCO, in co-operation with

the Economic Commission for africa, which jointly with UNESCO prepared the t,,{O

')aBio documents for the meeting - the ,Analysis of National Educational Plants

as a follow-up of the Addis J..baba Plan for 1962 and 1963, and the analysis of

National Education budgets for 1962-1963 in relation to the Addis Ababa enrolment

targets. UN, FAO, WHO, ILO, IBRD, TilB, SF e.nd UNICEF, were represented cnd

assisted the meeting in its deliberations~ The main recommendations and

conclusions of the meeting are as follows:

(i) on the basis of the review of national educational plans 1 prim~f and

seoondar,y l6Yol education is to be developed i~ each country for 1962-1963,

following the overall poliey decisions of Addis Ababa, high priority being given

to educational planning, secondary educo.tion, as well as to adult education.

Th. aid ot UNBSCO, EC", and other organs ot the UN including !.AB, SF and UNICEF,

and of the ~6Qialized Agencies is requested in these priority areas;

(2) on the bt.is of the review of national educational budgets, each

oountry should continue to move towards an educational investment of 4 per cent.,

by 1965, of its gross nationai product, urgent measures should be taken in each

country to increase the returns from investment in education and in particular to

reduce the costs of seconlary education. Taking into account this increased

national effort, the financial deficit faced by the participating countries for

1962-1963 is estimated at:

Ill! -to be -then

issions.

months'

ierra. Leone

~ii) LibeIiA;

)62; and

~ talting

nnisters of

the Ad2.i s

~ation with

l the t'10

L Plants

Lysis of

la. enrolment

led c.nc1

~imo.r:f and

-1963,

leing given

:o.tion.

id UNICEF,

~ per cent"

tn in each

~rticular -to

lcreased

ltries for

E/3625.Annex Ipage 3

(a) 0155,000,000 for meeting the Addis Ababa enrolment -targets, (as

computed country by country for 25 cou!ltries);

(b) ~17,000,000 for meeting additional needs in the national plans of

7 countries starting at a low level of enrolment.

An appeal was made to the Member states of the UN and Spoci8.l.ized Agencies,

in accordance with General A~sembly resolution 1717 (xrI) to increase this aid

for the development of ed.ucation (which was $140,000,000 in 1961), in order

to cover these additional financial needs. In this context, further aid was

requested from the UN and Specializoc. Agencies, a special appeal being addressod

to lDA.

(3) As regards the machinery needed to help countries review -their o.nnual

educational plmls and budgets, as well as the poli\}y targets cnd unit costs of

the Addis Abc.ba plan conceived as an integrated continental programme for the

development of education, the meeting decided to establish a permaJ;19nt conference

of Ministers of Education, which will, as 0. general rUle, meet once every two

year~. Each country will be represented by the IiIinister of Educe.ti ~: '..nc1

accompanied, whct. appropr'iate, by a representative of the Ministry of Plcn or

Economic Development or Finance. It is requested. that the Secretariat of this

permanent conference should be provided by the Director-General of UNESCO: who,

in this me.tter, will work in co-operation with the Executive Seoreto.ry o~ EeJ.. and in

consultation as appropriate with other agencies.

7. Consultations took place within the framework of the ACC on the agenC::1 and

othor arrangetlents for the Conferenoe, on the Development of Hi:rher Educo.tion in

Africa, to be organized by UNESCO in Tmlanarive from 3 to 12 September 1962. The

followinG topics have been chosen for discussion: (0.) R~le of Higher Education in

the Cultural, Social and Economic Development of Countries; (b) Staffin~;

(c) Pinancing; (d) Choice nnd Adaptation of the Curriculum to J..frican Life ancl

Development; and (e) Inter-African Co-operation. The United Nations oocl the

specialized agencies are to prepare papers and participate in this Conference.

8. The ACC also attcches great importance to the establishment of the proposed

African Institute for Economic Development and Planning!! which will include

!I See Generc.l Assembly resolutions 1708 (XVI) cnd 1718 (XVI), ECA resolution58 (IV), Report of -the Panel of Experts (E/CN.14/ESD/18), Note by theSecretariat of ECA (E/CN_14/l28/Add.l, E/CN.l4/ESD/14) and Report of theECA Worlr..ine Party on Economic and Social Development (E!CN.14/127). (IDol)

execution (

15. The tl

:The Gld'T it:

IEC.A.FE. Ii:,African stu'

for an exp,

(a) Appoi!

two y'

as well as

main lines,

the AfricOJ

line relatl

within the

16. The a]

Agriculturl

in the worl

AssistanceI

policy, onEI

in 1962.I

Geneva coniI

13. The mEI

Committee' lI

organizatic,

whi ch shouJ1

should be j

TAB Re sideI,

of any tec~

14. ILO hI,

countries \

situation, I

oth01" simi],

Mauri'tania~

establish I

I...----1/362$Annex Ipaee 4

training, as well as research and advisor,y services. The agencies are anxious

to participate with ECA in the preliminary planning ef the Institu"lie and

afterwards to provide both specialized staff and tenching materials.

9. Another notable recent development is the setting up of an Institute of

Public Administration in Ghana, which be...;an operetiuns during the eutumn of 1961

as a Special Fund proj ect for a five-yue.1' period. 7he United Hations is the

exeouting agency for this proj&ct: its object is to p~ovide training and

research in public administration. hlthough a Ghanaian corporate bo~, it is

intended to benefit other ~rican countries as well. Since training in

teohnical fields benefits if aaministrative aspects are taken into account

arrangements &re being made of the Institute to provide oppcrtunities for

agency collaboration. a seminar on urgent a~inistrative problems of African

countries, within the prograome of work of ECA, is to be held in ~ddis Ababa,

in October 1962, to discuss, i~'er alia, questions of personnel and trainin~.

10. Statisticnl training centres have been established to train nationals

both of the country itself and of the reeion, at Mdis J.baba (Ethipia), J..chimota

(Ghana) and Yaounde (Cameroun). Provision has been made for the assignment of

visiting lecturers drawn from the ECJ.. and UN Specialized Agencies. A statistical

centre has also b'3en set up in Rabat (Morocco).

11. Accelerated training sche~es have been conducted in the Congo by the United

Nations Civilian Operations in which many organizetions of the United Nations

fa.dly co-operate in such fields as public administration, social affairs, agriculture,

educatior, health, labour, communications, meteorology, customs end police. ~ithin

the framework of this operation, UNESCO, for instance, has provided training

facilities for educational administrators and supervisors, hes assisted the

Government in the esta.blishment of a Nctional Pedv.gogical Ins itute and hc-s supplied

technical advisers both to the centrr.:l J.:iinistry of Education end to the provincial

ministries. In addition,. secondary i.ccher. have been supplied on an emergency

basis to meet the most urgent needs.

12. Numerous seminars, courses and stuqy tours c.re also being conduc~ed by the

United Nations and its sister agencies in other parts of Africa. The training

programmes for 'African Government econo~sts at United Nations liendquarters

continues and a training course for foreign service officers will begin in Geneva

in the spring of 1962. ECA arranges for trai~ing courses for African Government

economists at its Headquarters in 'Addis 1,.baba and at the Headquarters of ECE end

E/3625.J.nnex Ipage 5

ECAFE. It also organizes a·summer course in Addis Ababa in econocics for

African students in their final year from universities in Africa cnd Madngascc.r.

The GATT in collaboration with ECA and the United Nations Burec.u of TechnicoJ.

Assistance Operations, is instituting in .h.frica short courses on commercioJ.

policy, one at Dar-es-SoJ.o.cm and one at Dnkar. These courses will begin later

in 1962. Meanwhile the GMT secretariat six-months in-training oourses at

Geneva continue to include candidates from African governments.

13. The manpower survey initiated by ILO in Cameroun as a result of the Sub

Committee's decision of July 1961 has involved .,lose co-operation between several

organizations which have agreed upon a ~oiD". policy both as to the objeoti~es

which should be pursued by surveys of this type and as to the prooedure which

should be followed. The project will be carried out in consultation with the

TAB Resident Representative when appointed in order to facilitate the cQ-ordination

of aqy technicalossistance resulting from the surveys.

14. !LO has also carried out a number of short surveys in various Af:dcan

countries (Gabon, Congo (Brazzaville) and the Repvblic of Mali) on the mcnpower

situation, the main gaps in vocational training and the ·tiechnicc.l assistance needs.

otho: similar missions ore foreseen in African countries (Madagascar, Mauritius,

Mauri't ania) • A project of longer duration is being carried out in Senegc.l tc

establish machiner,y for the continuing assessment of manpower needs for the

execution of the economic development x;lan.

15. The training progrommes now being carried out by n.0 in African countries,

as well as those planned for 1962 and subsequent years, follow increasingly two

main lines. The first constitutes the training, upgrading and development of

the African sldlled labour force - lower, middle and upper cadres. The second

line relates to the planning of vocational training, pr.)gra.llllles and activities,

within the framework of the general economic plan.

16. The approval in November 1961 by ~he FAO Conference of a Special Programme of

Agricultural Education and Training for Afric& repressnted a significant development

in the work of that agency. The main features of the programme which provides

for an expenditure of $825,000 over the biennium 1962/63, are as follows:

(a) Appointment of six general agricultural education advisers, each for

two years, to serve a corresponding number of groups of African countries;

(b) Appointment ot l\dvhers (up to Co totnl of abty man-months of servico) ill

'ihe vo,riol1l1 spoci&lizod food and agriculturl\l subjeot matter o.re8.8 to

.uht with both long- Md short-term educntion and trnining measures in

their respective fiolu~ of oODpotenoe;

(0) Provision foX' lixty m!\.n-months of service ef agricultural aducntors to

part.ioi!,l'l~. in UNESCO uducntionnl planning Md !LO manpoW'or survey ruissionsJ

(d\ Pro"illion of ilOO,OOO for short-term rogionnl and nntionr.l trnining contl'osJ

(e) Provision of 880,000 for four conrorenc~a of n~ricQlturnl educntora anungrioalturel ndministrntors.

17. WHO'. oduoc.tionnl r~l~ trnining ~ctivities in ~frice. in 1961 m~ be sw~nrizod

in tnct-finding survoyfl in 12 cowltrios, \Tith 0. view to naaiating with long-ter::l

pIons of devolopment; followships for tr~ining nbroo.d Md n,ssie"i;,nnce for

~rnining within the cOWltri~s.

18. In tho oo.londnr yor.r 1961, WHO o-wnrded 340 fellowships to candidntes frorJ tho

31 countries o.nd torritories of its ROHion of Africo.. Out of 127 projocts of

o.I'Ioistanoe in this Region, 73 woro et loo.st po.rtio.lly concerned with tro.inine,

48 beina apoolfioa.1ly for oduco.tion Md tro.ining of rnudico.l o.nd pc.ra.-medico.l

peraonnel. Moro thnn hoJ.f of' tho follow'ships, from 16 of the countries it.~luding

tho Congo (Leopoldville) wore for bo-sic professiono.l studies nbrond, mo.in~r in

modicine, boonuso no such trnining is o.vo.ilnble o.t home.

19. There woro n180 sover. Frojocts consisting solely of educo.tiono.l meetincs.

Ono Wo.s ~ mGoting of professors of obstetrios from Afrioan universitie. ~o discuss

~a of' improvina t:cnininl~ for rna.terno.l nnd child co.re o.nd of promoting oo-oporo.tion

betnen univorsity o.nd field workors. JUlother W'Q.S r. conferenco on the trnininr;

of nuxilio.r1y heo.lth porsonnel (madico.lll!lsisto.nta, nursing a.nd midwifery

o.1lXilinriolll, o.ncl. IInnito.tion nssistnnts), in which nony ..Il.f'ricnn countries

pBrt.icip~tod. It i~ oxpootod to help in clnrif,ying tha issues involved in tho

tro.ining wld utilizOotion of aub-profosalono.l personnol.

20. YHO hOos olno pngnted in o.otivities outside Afrion which givo indirect

o.SsistMOfl to those cOWltrios. For insto.nco, the rooommondo:tions of 0. Study Group

~n Interna.tionnlly Accopto.blo Minimum 8to.ndnrds of Modionl Educa.tion should Give

._-"l"

(:";':~r I~~"~)

E/3625Annex Ipage 7

guidance as to the essentials for me&ical schools, when new ones are to be

established. Of similar indirect hel] is another expert committee report,

published in 1961, on Recor.nnended Requirements for Schools of Public He~lth. (~mo)

21. As reecrQs lCAD, training projects are in operation in Ethio~ia, the Congo

(Leopoldville), Liberia, Hali, Morocco, Tunisia and. ihe United. P..rab Republic.

Since such projects involve considerable investment they provide a good arguoent

for the neee:. Jc,o link techilical traininG with fflnn::?ower surveys.

22. ITU h(1s n.rranged fa:: students froD French-~eDldng countries to atteE:":.

colleges specia,lly set u::? in France for training African telecor.'ll:mnicatiOll

personnel. 17110 has pre?cred a report on meteorological training in general and

a recommended plan for training in .tlrica. Concurrently a survey of the needs

of Africc.n countries hns been made; ';7I.:IO is also collaborating with lCAD on

a training seminar on the meteorological services required by high-flying jet

alrcraft.

23. IfJ&A has held regional training courses in Cairo, both on general r~dioisotope

techniques and on the medical applications of radioisotopes. It has also been

asked to help organize training courses of isotope laboratory technicians ~~C

graduate scientists at the Trico Centre of the Lovanium University in the ConGo

(Leopoldville) •

24. Projects assisted by Ul~ICEF are under way in the fields of health, nutrition,

education, social services and women's r8le in community developnent; t~c largest

proj ect aims to help COillltries extend. their agriculture and home economic

extension services to include the teaching of nutrition, in particular the

production and consumption of foods required for young children; this project is

being undertcl~en jointly with FAO. In additiona, a number of covernment proposais

are under discussion with UNESCO relating to various aspects of primary cnd. secondary

education. ill~ICEF Proeramnes benefiting children provide a good example of

inter-agency co-operation which is all the more important because it reflects

the national situation in which responsibilities in respect of the needs of

children are divided among a number of departments.

25. The :problem of acdeving joint action is, in general, of special difficulty

in Africa for a number of reasons. The United :Jations Economic Commission has been

established on~ three years and has not yet enough staff resources to be able to

bring its full share to the activitios of education and training; an important r$le

in assisting in co-ordination is norm~lly entrusted to the Resident Representative

but in a number of African countries, Re sident Representatives have only recently

tOken ~ their dutie.. al.o the size ot the bilateral progrcmm&s in Afrioon countries

18 8(, big compared with that of the United Nations progrtltUlleS that oo-ordination

would be depriTed of much ot it. meo.ning unless it oovered both bilateroJ. cnd

-utll",teral a.otivities. On the other hond, some of these shortcomingfl are

'.emporary ond in .!tr!OIl. the problec is largely that of building on and c.djusting

ex.bting struotures.

26. ACC reoogrU·...d the importanoe for purposes of oo-ordino.tion of tha !LO approach

throu;h oomprehel'\aive canpover surveys ond is \fetching with interest tho results of

the aurny no\'( be.tng undertaken in Cameroun, with the pnrtioipe.tion of severo.l

oaencie.. The e:lt.parienoe gained will be the be.sis for further progress in clarifying

the JIt'lst appropri'J.te oocposition of such teDJIls ond the extent to which it would be

AdTiaable in the long run to add to them specioJ.ists in tho field of cgricultlU'e,

and industrialization, ond to make full use of information existing in ,Azencies,

TAB and speoinl Fund Seoretariats.

';.7. The .ACe belhves that there must be oloser oo-operation in the field, espeoially

T.hen plana for eduoation and training progr8lllDles are being worked out with the

governments. Some mecber agenoies propose to pursue this objective by relying on

a.gt;ncy technioal representatives in the country under the chdrmanship of the

;'»lident Reprelel1'\ative. other agenoies propose to station advisers on education

ond training in A:trioe. to serTe individual oountries or groups of oountries. These

advisers, from different agenoies, would jointly assist the governments in determining

the requirements for education and for trained personnel in the various fields of

speoialization and at all levels. ToJ.dng into ncoount these requirements £>.nd other

relevant factors, the advisers would assist governmexl'h in plo.nning and developing

the systems, institutions and progrcmnes needed. Several agencies have already

made arro.ngelllOnts for the appointment of education and training advisers ',mile

finanoial lir.li.tations prevent others from so doing. In all such arrangemonts the

Resident Repre sentatives will naturally have a major ~e in ensuring oo-ordination.

28. It was furthEr recognized that there was similarly e. need for the agencies to

organize n.t Headquarters level teohnicaJ. oon8U~';ations in whioh information would

be e.zche.nged, daily activities reviewed end agreement reached on the pra.ctical

implementation of prograumes, as is indicated in the body of the present report.

Several such oonsultations are now being arranged.

~-':'''-if'1

",~ -;~ .~~'~)

E/3625.Annex Ipage 9

29. The Ace has throughout borne in mind that the action of the international

organizations should be so organized as to facilitate. co-ordination at the national

level between the various government departments concerned and the most effective use

of the resources available for education and training - resources which, in the

countries of Africa, are still only too scarce.

II. UT IN AMERICA

30. Some significant developments in international action and co-operation in

the field of education and training in Latin America are discussed below; as

in the case of Africa, fuller details of these projects will be found in other

documents before the Council. In the present context only a few individual

agency projects are mentioned by way of illustration, and the emphasis is placed

on projects involving inter-agency co-operation. Thislimitation applies particularly

to UNESCO since to describe its educational work in Latin America ,rould oevirtually to re-capitulate its programme.

31. At the seventh Conference of American States lAembers of the !LO at Buenos

Aires (April 1961) the principles relating to vocational training, which had

been laid down in 1946, were reconsidered and a nmnber of important decisions

were taken on the main aspects of the problem of vocational training American

states, including the adoption of a national policy and plan on this matter,

based on carefully assessed manpower needs,1 the organization and methods of

vocational and further training for occupations requir~ng first-level, intermediate

or advanced standards of sIdll in industry and commerce, as well as training for.

agricultural and other rural occupations. Principles were adopted concerning

co-ordination and co-operation at the national and international levels.

32. Among decisions involving inter-agency co-operation, mention should be made

of the recolllQendation for the establishment, under the auspices of ILO, of an

inter-American centre for documentation and research on the subject of vocational

training. bxrangements are under discussion for the participation of other

organizations in the activities of this Centre.

33. Apart from a number of projects concerning particular aspects of training,

the 1LO is assisting five of the countries in the region (ArGentina, Chile,

Colombia, Uruguay and Venezuela) in establishing new national vocational training

systems or in imFroving the existing systeP.l, in the area of training of young

and adult workers, supervisory staff and, in one instance, management' development.

This type of technical co-raperation is given, partly at least, within the framework

of Special. Fund projects (except in Venezuela).

.../3&2'Ani1OI.·: •P&8a 10

34. J. ten-year Educ~t:lon Plan, providing educ~tional targets for twenty cou..tries,

".. &dopte:! by ~ special tMteting of the Inter-i.merican Economic Md So~ir..l

Council ot OAS, held at Punta del :3ste (Urugu~) in August 1961, thus o!?enin~

new prospeots of assistance in the development anc. expansion of education L,

Latin Amerioa.. The co-operation w~i ch already exists between United Ndior,s

aaencie. and O.AS on the technical level is beine; further strenethtlned l>y the

So.uti&t\o Conference and other meetings of the subBidinry orge.ns of the Oi.S, which

are to be held. in the future, and in which the lr.~ egencies will participate. The

re.ult. of these meetings are to be submitted, by the end of 1962, to a co~ttee

ot experts provided for u.... ,:ler a decision ot the Punta del Este meeting.

35. In the context of inoreasing needs for 8cono;lic planning in the Latin American

ue8. &Dd of the interest of the Latin American governments in these activitios,

'ha hrAlning prugramme of ECLA arLd the United Nations Headquarters has been extended

in 1961 and rill further expand in the :future. In partiCUlar, a Latin inerican

Inttltute tor Economic and Social Planning is now in process of being estc.blished

under the aegis of ECIJ.. and with the financial assistance of the Special Fund.

'10 this Institute the ACC at.taches great importance. It is to have trclninf;, . I

advisor,y and research functions. Training will be offered not only~ as in the

previous reGional training courses, in techniques of overall develo~ment ~la.lli.ing,

but also in sectoral progrnmming in such fields as agricultural development,

inol1.o.ding lnnd retorm, housing and urbanization, public administration, manpower

planning, and .aucation and social programming. A part of the research programme

will be o.imed et improving the tec.hniques of social progranming (including

eduoa.tion, health, housing and urbanization) and at formulatina criteria for

allocation of resources in the various social seotors.,Y' The Institute will thus

attord o.n opportunity for o.otive participa.tion by the United Netions agencies

concerned with these fields. For example, plans are in hand for including c

branch tor trf\ining educational planners and a.dminiBtrators and for research in

eduoation, intended to help Member states plan educational development in

Se., for example, the Note of the Executive Seoretary of ECLA regarding theInstitute (E/CN.12/AC.50/7), p~esented for discussion to the eighth sessionot the Conmdttee of thE Tc-'hole J ECLA resolution 199 (IX); and the Specia.lReport on the subj eet to the Eoonomic and SociaJ. Council (F./3582/Corr.l &.de44.1).

--------

,y cCll..tries,

:ir..l

I!?enin~

.or i.:.

lr.Uons

Iy the

O~, which

.pate. The

• co:::u:rltte e

.tin American

iivities,

been extended

l i.merican

;stc.blished

1 Fund.

·I.uninr;,

.s in the

,t :!?lanning,

mnnpower

h progrMlllle

will thus

encies

.ding c

earch in

ding t~e

sessionSpecialrr.l &"1d

E/3625Annox IpoZo 11

co-ordination 'With their nationf'.l econocic and social develo:::nent plans.

Co-operc.tion in the Institute t s work on the part of n..O and F1..0 is foreseen in

the near future in ~anpower planning and agricultural planninG respectively•

36. The Conference on Education mid Economic and Social Deve1op~ent in Latin

America, sponsored by the Lnited N~tions, ILO, FbO, t~ESCO cnd OAS, wcs held in

Santiago in March 1962, 'With the task of exronining (a) the r~le of education in

economic and social development. in Ldin Arn~riccn countries and (b) the W~8 in

which educational planning could be integratud within ge~eral development ~lans.

As in the case of the .b..ddis Ababa. Conference of :.~' 1961, all c.ci'encies concerned

participated in the plcnning of thisC'onference, nULlerous stu'lies by the

sponsoring and contributi~:agencioscs well as preparator,y meetings, havin~ paved

the 'W~. It adopted three sets of conclusions cnd recommendations concerning

(a) the extension and imr;ro\l'ement of education in relation to economic and social

development; (b) the integration of educationc.l planning with economic and social

planning and (c) international co-operation for the promotion cnd implementation

of educational plans in relation to economic cnd social development.

37. 'lhe first set of recomnendatioD:s deals with the objectives, structure and

administration of all levels and iypes of education: primar,y, secondnry, technical

and higher education, as well as literacy campaigns and adult education, vocational

training and rural and aericultural education.

38. The second set of recommendations bea~s on the overall gocIs of educational

development programmes and on the methodology of educational planning considered

as an essential part of the planning of economic and social development.

Particular emphasis is put on the r~le of educc.tional planning organs cnd on the

need for international technical assistance with' 0. view to training national

experts in the different branches of educational plcnning•

39. The third set of recommendations is more particularly concerned with the

type, 'V'olWlle and priority of international aid required and with the improvement

of fIO-ordination of international assistance for education, both from the

standpoint of the countries and orcanizations extending it a.s well as from that of

the recipient countries. Considerable attention is given to regional projects

on which national and international efforts and resources should be concentrated

within the frnmework of progrWlllles for immediate action.

..:Ill.

Et3625Annex!page 12

40. Further, the essential policy onclusions and recommendations, addressed by

the Conference to Governments and to' International Agencies are embodied

in the Declaration of San-Ciago which the Conference adopted at the end of its

work. As regards the financing of education, the Declaration established as an

overall objective to achieve in 1965 a situation in which Latin America as a whole

can devote to education not less than 4 per cent of its gross product, it being

understood that the countries that are ·now substantially below' that level s!:lal1

endeavour to increase the present proportion by at least 1 per cent by 196) and

a further 1 per ~ent by 1970.

41. The recoramendations of the Santiago Conference, which refer in several

instances to inter-agency machinery for dealing with specific problems ·{e.g.

Joint Worltin£ Party on SInlled Manpower in Latin .AHeri'on, Andean Indian Mission

Programme) constitute an important basis for closer integration of progran~es

carried out by the orennizations of the UN system in the field of education &ld

training.

42. The Advanced School of Public Administration in Central J~erica, which has

been developed with United Nations technical aid, has arrangeQ courses in the

administration of education in collaboration with illiESCO and in public health

administration in collaboration with PASB!,raO. This collaboration will be

extended to FAO and ILO in 1962-1963. The United Nations has also collaborated

with PASB/ml0on two training seminars on the Administration and Financing of

Urban Water Supplies in Latin America, held in Mexico City and Rio de Janeiro.

43. As a result of the Santiago Conference, an aGreement between UNESCO and OAS,

complementar,y to the agreement concluded in 1950, was drawn up and is now being

submitted for their approval to the governing organs of the two organizations.

This agreement provides, in particular, that in order to assure the best possible

co-ordination of the various programmes of the international agencies in the field

of education, soiance and culture in the Americas, UNESCO would seek the co-ordinated

co-operation of the orgcoizations of the United Nations ~gtem, and the OAS would

endeavour to co-ordinate the programmes of the inter-American s,ystem.

44. A major FAO activity involving inter-agency co-operation in the Region is

the Second Inter~American Meeting on Higher Agricultural Education to be held in

'Colombia from 8-19 ~6Y 1962 under the joint sponsorship of FAO, UNESCO, OAS and

IAIAS. FAO, through its membership in the Inter-American Committee on AGricultural

Develop~ent, was also contributing to the p1anninB of the agricultural education

surveys to be carried out by the Connnittee and the Task Force on Education

established in connexion with the Alliance for Prog!e!.B Programme.

~ wnole

,'a.ted

lsible

I field

·ordinated

'WOuld

.cultural

E/3625••nnex Ipnl:e 13

4'>. In addition to its co-op~rntiva efforts with other agencies in this overall

rlnnn-~ng r.nu orgnnizc.tion of agricultural education and trainin~ in Lntin .~-:erica,

FAO \.'ontinups to o.ssi st ia the ('steblishment or strenr,thenin.:; o£ individuo.l

institutio'-,5 ('..ad in the ('ondo('t of short-term nationa.l and rOl-ional trainill':;

cl'ntr(ls in i,,~le vo.rious specialized food lmdogril"ulturul field.s. Assistnnce to

in<lividucl institutions, t,hrough tho medium of t~le Spt>cinl Fund, is becol'dnc C-"l

incroo.sin&ly importnnt elomc>nt in FAO's programme of educntioil cnd traininG_

4(,. Assi s'l,::l'ce by WIlO to Rchools of public ht>alt~l in Latin J.mericn. continues

(tho teo.('hia l ; of public health administration, wit~l emphasis lllcced on the social

llcionces, is to be di~~cussed et n meeting in 50.0 Pl'.ulo in 19(3), as does the

orr,nnizo.tion Md o.dministro.tion of medical schools, while in the field of nursing

t>du('ation there h'l.s bo('n l~ shift of or.'l,lhasis from basic educction to the preparation

of nurS(l instroctors. In this lo.t~er connexion, WHO notes t~ll~t in certain

cClun+,ries in the region &lore nurses era being trtdned thnn cr_'1 ~)e employed, on

illustration of the need for careful cunlysis cnd nppro.iso.l of tiw different

co.tegori 0 s of personnel t:H'~.t n country is nble to o.bsorb over n given period_

47. lCAO 1ms tra.ining cctivities i\1 Argentina., Jolivin, Chile, Costa. Rica.,

Ecul\do't'~ El S,....lvador, Gur.temo.la, Ilt:'.iti, Honduras, Pr.raguo.y, Peru, as well as such

Sp(\cin.l Fuill\ ,roject.s cs the Civil Avintion Trcinin[( Centre ill ;;oxico City. ITU

hll.s trn.inink n.ctiviths in connexion with n specin.l t.lecommunicr..tion trc.idng

collogo in 1'r,ro.guay nnd is engo.~:ld in assessing requirements for the trr.ininG ot

tolegraph, telophon~ ~,d ro.dio sto.ff in various Latin Americc.n countries. ~.~

has provided on expert to ndvise on the esta.blishment of a meteorologiccl depart

ment in the Univ'~rlity of Chile, while lAEA, in r.ddition to its vo.rious tro.ining

courses 0.\1(1 fellowships, h0.5 organized, together with the Government of Arcelltiua,

on internctiollul tro.ini'c; course on tho application of radioisotopes in c.griculture

and medicine in Buenos Aires o.nd ho.s held a regionc.l semincr on educo.tiono.l

problems of nuclear enerGY, jointly with UNESCO cnd the Inter-AmericM Hucleo.r

Euor~J Commission of OaS. UNICEF hns provided o.SSistwlce to projects in Lntin

Amarlco. involving educc.tion Md trnining in the fields of henltl.l, nutrition,

~duco.tion Md socio.l services nnd including assist.~ce for a ·~ro.ining centre in

Peru. A number of requests for o.ssistMce in vo.rious aspects of primo.ry education

are currently under discussion with mmsco.

48. Tb. pAst yeo.r mar~ted the tenth anniversary of the foundation of the 2e[;ion0.1

llundQMntoJ. Education Centl'~ for Latin Americn (CL.1EFAL) at Patzcuaro, l'iexico.

Here tn-.-mCO oo-c.,erates with the United Nations, lLD, FAO, :1110 cnd the C~.3 in the

t.rnining of ,ersonnel for rural and community development. Particular c;t..l:.ention

1. giTen to visunl nids, primers and reading materials to support efforts to

erAdicate illiteracy.

49. Th. ACC beli9ves that the new Latin Americcn Institute for Economic cnd

Sooi61 Plo.nning a.t the regiona.l level and tho ECU Advisory Groups at the nctionr.l

l.v~l proTide voJ.unble instruments for the co-ordination which it has becone

Inoreo..in~ly important to ensure among the m~ activities, especially cs ~eccrds

educational planning (tn~CO), genernl economic nod $Q~inl development pl~in8

(ECLA), and manpower survey work for which ILO is mainly responsible. AGencies

cre attaching experts to the Advisory Groups. The Intex--Agency Working Pl:!.rty OIl

Skilled Mo.npower in Latin America, set up under resolution 149 (viii) shou1il clso

prove useful in this connexion. This Working Pa.rty, decided, a.t its FiffuEeeting

in Snntiago, 22-28 March 1962, to extend its membership by welcoming the

participation of FAO in its meetinas. It agreed that its activities should be of

an ...entinlly consultative and co-ordinating nature, that tIle participo.tin.:;

organizations should intensity their efforts to l:oep each other informed cbout

their projectGd and current activities with a view to ensuring effective co-ordina.:'ion.

and that ooncerning specific subjects of its ngondc, it might decide to in~ite

:repr••enta.tives of non-member organizations which m£W be particularly interested

to pnrticipate in the apprcpTiate session(s), as well as financing agencies for

the appro.isnl of projects in the execution of ,',hieb they .night co-operate, if

desIrable. In oddition, the Working Party agreed that it might make recommendc.tions

en themes, method. and techniques to be studied by international organizations

or under their auspices, entrust the study of specific problems to one or more

eub-groups within the Working Party, and call for the designation, for the same

purpose, of ad-hoc comcittees composed of experts from member or other oracnizc.tions,

Or other acknowledged specinlists. It listed oertoin subjects to which resecrch

by the internntionnl agencies should be particularly directed, and recommended

tor ilJlD8diate implementation a project concerning the esta.blishment of an ad-ilOC

poup of experts, appointed by individual agencies in the Working Party, to develop

adIorgI

E/3625Annex Ipage 15

Hna:'ion.

lc.tions

ltions,

\Tolop

a manpower classification for Latin American countries from the point of view of

the plannin~ of humc.n resources and the education and trainiIlf: requirements of

a qualified manpower.a!

50. Co-ordination is desi:l'able not ocl:r QlUong Ull agencies but as between

acitivitios of these o..sencies and those of Inter-J.oerican organs. The UN

organizations have developed the practioa of inviting the Inter-American

organizations to participate as a,::oropriate in all inter-secretariat ncitiviti.s

(within the framework of existing cgreements and in conformity with their

constitutional prOVisions). Through this practice and through close collnboration

between ECLb. and the Inter-American organizations in rego.rd to the Latin American

Institute for Econo~ic end Social Flanning and the Advisor,y Groups it is ~elieved

that a se·~t.ing for gellerel co-ordinc.tion in the et..lca.tion and training fields will

be provided.

11 This latter suggestion stemmed from a recommendation adopted by the Conference

on Education and 2conomic a~d Social Development which hed recently been held

in Santiago.

PART I: RESEARCH PROJECTS BELm SUPPORTED BY T'rlE UNITED NATIONS F.Ai..ILY

CO-OPERATION IN ACTIVITIES RELATING TO THE PEACEFUL USES OF ATOuJC ENERGY

~~e study of radionuclides sorbed on marine sediments.

The uptake, accumulation and exchange of radioisotopesby open sea phytoplankton.

Investigation of the possibility ot using wood as ~inexpensive raw me,terial for the pr~aration of ionexchange substances to be employed in waste treatmentapparatus.

Research contracts were awarded or renewed by IAEA on thefollowing subjects:

Factors controlling the distribution of fissionproducts in the bios~here.

Studies in uptake of radioisotopes by edible marine products.

The ecology of Acantharia (radiolaria) in relation tothe circulation of strontium in the sea.

Behaviour of fission products in soil.

Study on the radiochemical analysis of strontium,cesium and plutonium in biological materials.

Investigation of the ion absorption characteristics ofsoils.

Investj.gation of ionic exchange in soils usingradio~sotopes and isotopic dilution experiments.

Study of physico-chem±cal-biological processes affectingthe dispersion of radionuclides.

Study of the depth distri~ution of sediments releasedfrom a point source and the development of more rapidmethods for such determinations.

i/362S.I'oD.Ilex 11page 1

.ANNEX II

A. §afe disposal of radioactive waste

i/Jb;l5Jo..tlJ:l8X- .IIp~e 2

B. Health physics and radiation protection

ILO-1. Redearch has continued in connexion with'the radiation

protection guides referred to in Annex D.

1. The international collaborative study, which mlO is supporting,of the incidence of lew".u.e.uia in patients receiving therapeuticirradiation for carcinoma of the cervix uteri has been joinedby seventeen clinics in eight cOillltries.

2 and 3. The contractual technical service arrangements made in 1960by WHO with ICRU for studies of the dosimetry of medic~l

radiology and with ICRiJ for studies of' maximum permissibl a

radiation doses have been continued.

Research contracts were awarded or renewed by lAEA on thefollowing subjects:

Effect of radiation on plant cells and its modificati~n

with protective substances.

Investigation of intracellular chemical radiation protectionsubstances, using as indicator immediate low-level X-rayreactions.

Investigation of a method of two-step grafting ofhaematopoietic and germinal tissues to counteract incipientradiation sterility resulting from accidental exposure toionizing radiation.

measurement of radium and radiostrontium accumulation inhumans and study of its biological effects.

The recovery effects of highly polymerized (native)nucleic c.ci":s Llj. c·~.U into latb.::.ll;y irrr:dic.t"d cnimals.

1/36'15Annex IIpage 3

~ (cont1d)

6. Radioiron study on physiological properties and role ofhaematopoieti~ (ana~mic factor) in the haematopoieticregeneration of irradiated animals.

7. Selection of sulfhydryl compounds for radiation protectionusing a new micr~biological method.

8. A study of rickets using Ca-47.

rting,peuticined

Diagnostic application of Ca-47 in metastatic bone lesions.

The investigation of the rate of bone remodelling in normaland fractur~d long bone of th~ dog, with special r9ferenceto th~ vascular aspects.

In vitro and in vivo studies with Ca-47 and other boneseeking isotopes.

12. The use of Ca-47 in the diagnosis of skeletal lesions in man.

13. Studies of calcium metabolism in bone diseases using Ca-47,with particular reference to gastro-intestinal abs.rption.

14. Studies of bone metabolism in man with Ca-47.

15. The use of bone marrow gr~ting in the treatment ofaccidentally irradiated persons and in animal experiments.

Lon16. Study of internal contamination with strontium-90 and

radium-226 in man in relation to clinical findings.

17. Influence of chemical radiation protectors Qn the effectsof X-ray therapy of spontaneQUs and ~rafted cancer in mice.

18. study of a new kind of chemical protection againstradio-pathological effects, due to deposition of Ba-140in th~ aortic wall in experimental bXlimals and in humana.

19. Some factors influencing mammalian retention ofradioactive strontium.

20. Fixation of isotopes .(calcium and phosphorus) andhistological bone structure.

21. A biological me~hod to d~tect and evaluate radiationeffect in the range of 50-100 roentgen.

1/362'AJUlU IIp..;.~....

~ (cont1d)

22. The influence of disorders of the thyroid on c.lciummetabolism of human beings.

23. Ro.dionuclide content (90,.. and 137Cs ) of human bones and,:)rti.sues in Finl~~d in r~lation to pathological findings.

24. Radiosan;itivity of germ-free animals.

25. Investirsation of the ml:'tabolism and clinical effects ofSr-90 and radium in humnns.

26. Th~ uptnkl:' of radioactive substances from air by lowerplants with special reference to the nutrition of lichens.

27. Transfer mechanism of artificial radionuclides in thoplacenta of man and animels as influl:'nced by inactivecarrit1rs.

c. Radiobiology

Research contracts were awarded or renl:'wed by IAbA on thefollowing 8ubjectss

1. Determination of the reasons for the great variations inradiosensitivity of diffl;runt microorganisms and theexamin~tion of the pORsibility of sensitizing mocroorganismsto ionizing radi..tions.

2. Chemically induced metabolic modifications of cellssusceptible to modify the sensitivity of microorganismsto ionizing radiations.

3. Study of the radiosensitivity and isolation of radioresistant strains of Lactobacillus.

4. Study of the mechanism of activation and inactivation ofbacterial spores with ioniZing radiutions.

5. study of the ~rimary biochemical lesions produced byioniZing radiations in mammalian tissues.

E/3625~nn.x Itpage 5

~ (cont1d)

6. A quantitativ~ evaluation of cell survival as afunction of radiation dose.

7. Changes in spontaneous activities and in artificiallystimulat~d electro-physiological responses ef th~ nervoussystem of unanaesthetized animals exposed to various dosesof localized radiations.

8. Investigation of primary and intermediate nroducts ofgamma radiation on aqueous solutions by absorptionspectroscopy npplied during irradiation.

9. Investigation of the efftcts of ionizing radiation on thegenetic material of bacteriophages with emphasis on theproduction, fractionation and purification of irradiated DNA.

10. The immediate effect of radiation on fatty acid metab~lism.

11. Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormone(s) viadeshalogenating pathways cnd its role in thyroid-pituitaryinterrelationships and metabolic effectiveness.

12. The influence of radiation and radiomimetic chemicalson genetic transduction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

13. Study of the relative radio-sensitivities of mouldsand their pectic enzymes.

14. Effects of radiations (large and low doses) on themetabolism of the central nervous system.

15. Genetical investigations on the effect of ionizingradiation on human cells grown in vitro.

16. Mutation rate at specific autosomal loci in differentspecies of Drosophila.

17. Tissue therapy ~fter irradiation.

D. Power Reactor studies

Research contracts w~re awarded or renewed by lAEA on thefolloWing subjectsz

1. Study of the stability of reactor systems by means of ananalog simulator.

2. Presant status and future trends of heat-producingnuclear plants.

3. Studies on the pr~partie8 of moderating and multiplyingmedia by means of the pulsed neutron technique.

4. ~etallographic study of the transformetion of gammaphase into alpha + de1te or gamma prime phases in low~olybdenum-Uranium alloys.

5. The measurement of fast neutron spectra inside a reactor.

6. An experimental programme in reactor physics (NORAreactor project).

E. Application of radioisotopes in agriculture

Research contracts were awarded or renewed by lAEA on thefollowing subjects:

1. Studies on the use of radioactive isotopes forfertilizer evaluation.

2. The application of radiation-induced mutations toplant breeding.

3. Tne production of useful mutations in agricultural plantsthNugh radietion.

4. Study of the w~s of avoiding fertilizer phosphorusfixation and increasing the availability of the soilph0sphorus in brown, red and yellow mediterranean soils.

~ (cnnt1d)

5. Use of radioa~tive carbon-14 compounds in animalmetabolic rese~rch.

6. The digestion, absorption transport and metabolismof fats in the ruminant.

7. ~easurement of mutation rates in plants induced by.different mutagenic radiations delivered at widelydiffering intensiti&s.

F. Application of radioisotopes in hydrology

lAEA/1l1.0

1. The world-wide survey to determine the ccncentrationof hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in rain water in whichWl~O is assisting lAEA has continued.

ECAFE-1. ECAFE is undertaking the study ~ld collection, for

dissemination to the countries of the r~gion, of availableinformation on the use of iS0topes for hydrologic studiesconcerning hydro-electric measurement; measurements ofseapage flow; and sediment transport.

A research contract has been awarded by lAEA on thefollowing subject:

rV3625Annex 11page 7

1. The use of tritium for studying underground waterconnexions in karstic regions.

~ ..x 11~U" .~

rl.l.·t .... nrch con trncts w,'rt;' aft r..rd",d ,11' rl:newt.'d oy lAI.~ ')n th ....foll,lwin~ 8ubJ 'ch:

:)tudit:s "f irl'n llIt.tab,)lism wi.t.h rudi')irOll ('nd of r"d ct.'lllife spnn wi th rt~diochrllmium in patit'nts suff<1rin~ from"itht:r thnlnssC'nlit\ Ill' sic;d, cdl tUH1 ....111in..

REld c('l1 surv1.vnl st.u<.lh:> 'ii th rt~di:')is(Jt')~"s intht1.1nssa.....mia lmum )gl()bin E c.'ld thu~nsso. ....l:lin hat.'mngh'bin ildisvnstt.

Redioisotope inv..,stiglltlnn ot' the ctlus\;l"lf endl.·micgoitrl.l in Vhrlnus plnct.'s in the Phil.a.ppintJs.

The use of rndi.lis~)t,)PO scr.nning in liver pnthclogy.

The mutl\bolism flf bdinatt:d amino acids in thto' human.

Ro.dioia1tope inve~tigu.tim of th~ caust;'s nf anaemill intropicel r ....gions.

Rndiolsotopic stu~' "If th\;l mt'chanislns I)f int.. stinnlnbs')J'ption and th .. ir duwrdvl' in trupicn) u~<llnbs')rption

syndral'lIJ.

Rndiflislt'lpE' study of th ... b.tcstinul nbsorptirlll inhO\l!.•r,l~"li··inf,,~t.!d pc.til::nts.

Rcst:c.rch clntro.cts wer .... a.wurded or r ....newt:d by lAEA on thet0110wlug subj~cts.

1. n"termina.ti.m of the t:1nrichrnent factors ,'f calcium is... top .... son ion ....xchnnbtl resins ~d investigetion of the varioussystems nt electr01ytic 8~paration.

2. The llhvsphata meto.b)lism of Esche-richia coli.

1. Sr.fEfjuards rn&thods

lAEA-fi~search contracts wcr~ awarded nr rcn~wcd by lAEA en th~

f~llowing subjects;

1. DE:vd:)pm~nt of c~ rn€:thod .:£ n.m-dl;structive analysis ofirrcdiated fu~l elem~nts for uranium-235 and plutoniumcontent ~y rnonit0ring and spt:ctr()metry.

2. S~~le analysis of unirradiated and irradiated fuel.

3. D&t~rmination of the tritium build-up in a heavy waterrnoderct~d r~act~r.

1:13625Annex 11~a" 9

i!1625ADD.. IIpace 10

PART TWO: HEAL'rH AND SAFETY CODES AND S'1'ANllARDS

Basic safety standard.

1. The lAEA's draft basic ae1'ety standnrds Wt'rt' further re'V'it:w",d by 0. panel d'

.xp~rta, and comments of lau:tmb",r Stntes nnd. intt:rnationr.1 llrganizati'>lls wcr ... taken

into aCC')Wlt. 'Ihti draft standards, cs mf)difil.'d, will bt;' considcrvd by tht.l a,lard

at GOYfIlrnors in JWltJ 1962. 'l'heSe basic stnndards o.rt' intended to a.pply t)

operations Wld\trtaken or sUpporttld by IAEA nnd tn st.'rve a.s !l bnsis for nntiflnnl

reJU!ations nn rll.diatilln prntt:ction.

tran!ROrt ot radivactiv~ mat~rials

2. lAtA's Regulations f'1r the Snfl1 Transport of Ii.adioll.ctivt' lIIattiriab (IAEA

publication No. STI/PUB!40), published in IIUl.Y 1961, have sinc~ bt;'vn incllrp'lra tt:d

by thfll United Nations Committetl of Expertl3 fur Furtht.'r Work on the Transpnrt lif

DanaeroulI Go()ds in it. recommendations to ECOSOC. '1'ht.'y have als0 been extt.'nsivdy

incorporated in the International Regulations Conctlrning the Carriagt: of DangeroUfJ

Goods (RID).!!and taken into account by the Custnms Co-opt.>rative Council.

3. Further discussions have taken place concerning the use of the skull r~d

crnssbones ')0 the labala a.dvocated f,lr the transport If rndi'H1ctive mntl;lrials by

the United Nations Committee of Expllrts for Further Work on the Transport of

Danaerous Goods, the ILO and lAEA. The CnWlcil will recall that the above

mentioned United Natinns Committee, at its meeting in Au~ust 1961, considered that

in view of the existence O)f divergtmt opinions on this subject, tht. use 'If the

skull and erossbones could probably be sll.fely discontinued once the trefoil was

b.tter known and established as the symbol for radioactivity.

4. Tbe International Labour Office nnd the lAEA St:cretariat have a~reud tG

recollllllend to their respective competent bodies that the labt:lling comprising a

tretoil surmounted qy a skull and crossbones should hence forth be used only on

packages or containers containing ve~ intense radioactive sources as definbd in

paraaraph 6.2.3. of the lAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport Ilf Radioactive

MAterials. Oth~r packages or shipments of radioactive materials would thus

be labelled with the trefoil alone surrounded by a series of rays.

5. lbEA is co-operating with the Customs Co-operation Council in preparing a

claasification of nuclear products for customs purposes, and with ECE in preparing

a dratt aareement on thEt transport of radi.,oactive ma.terials by inland waterways.

jJ Tbe•• Regulations constitute Annex I of the International Convention concerningthe Car1-"iage of Goods by Rail (ClM).

lcl d'

.' tnkl.'n

B.lnrd

'l.!Osivcly

ngeroun

\!d that

'El3"s.

Icarning

E/3625Annex IIpaBt.' 11

Tilt-rt.' !U1Vt. als. bth:n lllf"rml~l c ,nsu1 tn.ti 'llS bt.,twtit:n IAEA and tht: Intt.'rnati·)nal

Cdlllnissinn f 1r tht-' Nuvignti'1n of thl' RhiIh:, which is preporing regulations fer

the trn.Ilsport \)1' such mntl.'riu1s .Ill thH.t rivt-'r.

b. In St.-ptembto'r 1961 l';,'tt.'s ,m Ct.'rtnin Aspects ,t' tht.° nq,~ulution8 w\;rEt published

(IAEA nublicnti')Il No. STI/PUB/32).

7. The l.J:ACO Working Group .m 'lTlUlspnrt of Dang.::r,1Us Gu.lds, which was set up e.s

u result df H.~c·)mml'ndl~tio1n 56 n1' th,' Internllti'H,(!! C",nf'"rt.'nc, ....n the Snfety :11'

Lit't! at Svr. (1960) will c ·ntinut' to w,lrh duriu~: 1962. ·'}.P crrriagl' (If rl'.dio

u:ti'Vtt mnt"rials is iuclud"d in th. pr,'~runlll1t t.nu lAEA IH~S ~l""l.,. 111Vi tt'd t'l assist

ill the discussi·)ns.

Pro'tol.'ctiou >If w1lrkt.rs ut$aiust illllizil1~ rndif:tiollS

8. The C'>nvt:llti,m cnncl'rning thl' pr,h'cti"!l (If w)r:{ers against i.mizing

rndiations, which, together with 11 Rccllnun,;;udntiGll, wus nUflptl'd by the I.att.-rnati :nal

Lnbour Conft:renct.' at its f:.>rty-f,)urth 8e8Sil'n (Juno: 1960) haE n'w be~n ratifitid

by thre:l G/)vernments, while n frlUrth has signifitid its in't.\;·ntidn ,)f 8') doing.

9. ILO intends tn publish in 1962 <lr, ut. th~ lo.t(;st, in 1963 s Parts Ill, lV and

V of its i\lanuul nf Industrit'.1 Rndintion p,....\tuctLn. ThtlSt parts will take tb:l

form :)f three factual guides c0v('ring rt:spectively radiation prntectlon fCir all

Itpplicatitms, i:specially th0se having a bearing on h1.dustry; radiation pr·":t'Jction

in industrial gamma and X-ro.y radiography and flunresc')PY; und radiological

protection of w()rkers using It'minizin~ cnmpnunds.

10. As previously reported, pruliminary texts 01' thes~ guid~s were ~xamined in

November/December 1957 by a ml:lding <1!' t,xpt.'rts in which th~ Dnitl.d Nations, WHO

and lAEA participa.t~d. Part 1 ,,1' the idnnuul rt~pr ..)duces the t~..xts nf the Inter-

national Labour Convention £md Supplementary Rt-:commt>ndatinn referred to above,

while Part II repr:;duces the model Codt: of Safety fi..:g!..tlatilJns (ionizing radiations).

11. ILO Rubmi tted a rt:;'port t'l the ninetet:nth s,...'1sinn .11' the J }int .Maritime

Cnmmissinn (Sl:lptembcr/Octob.:r 1961) "n thl:l p,)tential effects nn seafarers and on

the maritime industry '.:if merchant to,hip nuclear pro,?ulsLm. ThE:t Commissi:Jn

rEtquestud ILO tc continue its studies on the subj cct, in c{:nsultation with 0ther

internationr.l organizati,~ns, including IAhA.

Control Mld treatment of radioactivQ waste

12. A penel compnscd nf six scientists and frlur l<,.gal ttxperts was cnnvened by I.AEA

in September 1961 tf) discuss the scientific aspects f)f certain question£ raistld in

thG course of the first muetings of the Pan~l on th~ L~Bal ImplicatiQlls of Disposal

- '--"-~----~------~JE!2£

n liI,; j'!,i:, ,

II! i·I I

B/362'Annex IIpaae 12

~t P~ioactive Waste intu the Sea which had been held in January 1961. The

September diBcUBsions served to clarify scientific data required as a basis for

future work of the Legal Pan&l, which, at further meetings held in March 1962,

continued c0Lsideration of the organizational, administrativ~ and legal measures

on this subject which might bl:: tak&n at an international level.

13. In February 1962, IAEA convened a panel of experts to stuqy the feasibility

of managing radioactive wast~ without discharging radioactive materials into the

environment and to consider the various process~s involved.

14. Another lAEA pan~l of ~xp~rts was convened for the s~cond time in February

1962 to prepare a re?ort for users of radioisotopes on management of radioactive

waste.

15. The work of llther panels convened by IAEA is referred to under "i1ianuals of

Safe PJ'actice" belew.

Civil liability

16. The draft International Convention on fuinimum International Standards

Regarding Civil Liability for Nuclear D~~age was revised by an intergovernm~ntal

committee convened by HE]. in Vienna in .,,;r:.j1 1961. In :Utarch 1962 the Board of

Governors auth~rized the Director G~neral of lAEA to convene a Diplomatic

Conference on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage in Buenos Aires early in 1963,

on the understanding that the inter-gcvernmental committee would be re-convened

before that date in order to review the text of ,the draft convention to be

submitted to the Diplo~atic Conference.

17. Another draft Convention, on liability of ~perators of nuclear propelled

merchant ship8, will be considered at the ad hoc Diplomatic Conferenc9 on ~itime

Law which will be convened by the Belgian Government and lAEA in Brussels in

May 1962. ~OSL of the articles of the draft Convention were agreed by the

Diplomatic Conference when it Inet in April 1961, and it is anticipated that the

draft Convention will be completed and adopted at the 1962 session.

Manuals of safe practice

18. lAEA has continued the practice of convening panels of experts to prepare

manuals of safe practic~ Other interested organizations are invited to attend ~

meetings. During the past year a manual was published in lAEA's Safety Series

on safe operation of critical assemblies and research reactors. Others which are

under preparation deal respectively with (i) the use of film badgp.s for personnel

monitorine,

monitorin~

health phj

for small,

19. 1LOl

paragraph I

20. Tht;1

me£:t in S~

manual onl

E/3625Anno:X IIpage 13

monitoring; (E) the design ::If saf~ radi ~,is()tope lab'Jratorie.s; (iii)laboratory

monitoring techniqut:s; (i.v) unvirrJnmt;ntd monit.~ring; (v) the establishment of

health physics services in small nucl~ar c~ntr0s; ('~i radi0active waste disposal

for small-scale users of radi~is"top~s.

19. lLO's iIlanual of Industrial Rutlil.'.ti:.m Pro)t(:cti~.!l is rof<:rred to in

paragraph 6 above.

20. The report of the WHO Expt:rt Comr.1i ttet.: on i ..udiatif\n H...al th which is to

mel;t in Sept0mber 1962 is intended f,)r US0 b~y 'Public health authorities as a

manual on radiatitJO prottlcti,m.

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