Ubiquitous Information Architecture

morville@semanticstudios.com

Ubiquitous IA

Peter Morville, IA Summit 2011

Agenda

• Introductions• Defining Information Architecture• Principles of Cartography (Maps)• Shaping Territory (Classic IA)• Paths and Places (Pervasive IA)• Mapping & Sketching (Small Groups)

in•for•ma•tion ar•chi•tec•ture n.

• The structural design of shared information environments.

• The combination of organization, labeling, search, and navigation systems in web sites and intranets.

• The art and science of shaping information products and experiences to support usability and findability.

• An emerging discipline and community of practice focused on bringing principles of design and architecture to the digital landscape.

Polar Bear IA

The Memphis PlenaryJesse James Garrett (2009)

“There are no information architects. There are no interaction designers. There are only, and only ever have been, user experience designers.”

Information Architects User Experience DesignersInteraction Designers + Software Developers + Teachers + Visual

Thinkers

“…those who divide the world into two kinds of people, and those who don’t.”

“There are two kinds of people in the world…”

Information Architects + User Experience Designers + Content Strategists + CEOs +

morville@semanticstudios.comBig Architect, Little Architect (2000)

“The little IA may focus solely on bottom-up tasks such as the definition of metadata fields and controlled vocabularies.”

“The big IA may play the role of an orchestra conductor or film director, conceiving a vision and moving the team forward.”Eric Reiss, Euro IA

(2006)

in•for•ma•tion ar•chi•tect n.

An individual who organizes the patterns inherent in data, making the complex clear.

I mean architect as used in the words architect of foreign policy …as in the creating of systemic, structural, and orderly principles to make something work.

The person who creates the structure or map of information that allows others to find their personal paths to knowledge.

Wurman IA

“I’m an information architect. I map paths and places across physical, digital, and cognitive spaces.” Peter Morville

“A picture can connect the strategic with the tactical in a way no other communication form possibly can.” Dave Gray

Agenda

YOU ARE

18http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/beautyofmaps/

“Probably the best statistical graphic ever drawn, this map by Charles Joseph Minard portrays the losses suffered by Napoleon’s army in the Russian campaign of 1812.” Edward Tufte

http://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/posters

20http://niemann.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/10/my-way/

21http://niemann.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/10/my-way/

“The map is not the territory.” Alfred Korzybski

“The spectral colors of red, orange, yellow, blue, indigo, and violet are produced by light of a single wavelength, and all are visible to the human eye, except for indigo, which most people can’t distinguish.”

“Isaac Newton included indigo so the number of colors would match the number of known planets, notes in a major scale, and days in a week.”Search Patterns (2010)

“Aboriginal Creation myths tell of the legendary totemic beings who had wandered over the continent in the Dreamtime, singing out the name of everything that crossed their path - birds, animals, plants, rocks, waterholes - and so singing the world into existence.”The Songlines by Bruce Chatwin

Animals use a combination of egocentric and geocentric techniques for wayfinding.Ambient Findability by Peter Morville

PathsThe streets, walkways, transit lines, canals, railroads, and other channels through which people move.

EdgesThe walls, shores, fences, barriers, and other boundaries that create linear breaks in continuity, both separating and relating distinct regions.

DistrictsMajor sections of the city that possess a common identifying character (e.g., The Financial District, The North End).

NodesIntersections, enclosed squares, street corners, subway stations, and other hubs that serve as points of reference, transition, and destination.

LandmarksTowering buildings, golden domes, mountains, signs, storefronts, trees, doorknobs, and other objects that serve as spatial reference points.

The Image of the City by Kevin Lynch

Environmental Legibility

32Bill Verplank, IxD11 Opening Keynote, http://vimeo.com/20285615 (00:19:30)

Agenda

Where Am I?

What's RelatedTo What's Here?

Global NavigationLo

Content Lives Here,With ContextualNavigation Inline

Or Separate.

“On the Web, the map is the territory, the sign is the path.”

"laptop" > $910 - $1070 > Hewlett Packard > At least 1 GB > 14 - 15 Inch > Bluetooth > 4 - 5 lbs

The Right Way to WireframeS

The Right W

ay to Wirefram

ehttp://konigi.com

/notebook/all-right-way-w

ireframe-videos

Agenda

find·a·bil·i·ty n

The quality of being locatable or navigable.

The degree to which an object is easy to discover or locate.

The degree to which a system or environment supports wayfinding, navigation, and retrieval.

am·bi·ent adj

Surrounding; encircling; enveloping (e.g., ambient air)

the ability to find anyone or anything from anywhere at anytime

David Roseambientdevices.com

Automatic LocatesSchedule an "automatic locate" to see where your child is at a given time.

Breadcrumbing FeatureThis feature is great for identifying a specific route or series of destinations.

morville@semanticstudios.comCisco Wireless Location Appliance

“A quick glance at the screen shows exactly where the tagged wheelchairs are located...Patients wait no more than a few minutes for a wheelchair, and we save $28,000 a month by eliminating searches.”

iPhone Sensors

• Location (GPS)• Orientation (Compass)• Motion (Accelerometer)• Orientation/Motion (Gyroscope)• Touch (Multi-Touch, Gestural)• Light (Ambient)• Proximity• Device (Bluetooth)• Audio (Microphone)• Image/Video (Camera)• RFID/NFC (Soon)

What We Search

How We Search

BrainPort

Camera in glasses captures video.

Image recreated on grid of 400 electrodes.

User feels the shape on the tongue.

Brain learns to see through the tongue.

Information is blurring the lines between products and services to create multi-channel, cross-platform, trans-media, physico-digital user experiences.

Ubiquitous Service Design

http://semanticstudios.com/publications/semantics/000633.php

64The URL Is Dead, Long Live Search

“The study illustrates how a surprising 65% of visitors to an on-line search engine were looking for further information in relation to a product or service they saw in a television commercial or in a newspaper advertisement.”

Information Architecture for Ubiquitous Ecologiesby Andrea Resmini and Luca Rosati

“53% of US online consumers say they research products online that they subsequently buy offline.”Forrester Survey, Q1 2009 (US).

“43% of consumers said they start their research online or through a mobile device, but then need to call a customer service or call center representative to complete the transaction because the necessary product or service information cannot be found online.”ATG Survey, Q4 2009 (US).

“The most common problems reported by Web-to-store shoppers related to discrepancies in prices and product information across the two channels.” Forrester Survey, Q4 2009 (US)

Over 50% of REI online business is picked up in a store.

Cross-Media

Source: Subject to Change (2008)

Today's “service systems” may include interrelated sub-systems (e.g., person-to-person, self-service) across multiple locations, devices, and channels; and customer satisfaction is “influenced by the extent of integration and consistency” across those channels.

Bridging the “Front Stage” and “Back Stage” in Service System Design by Robert J. Glushko and Lindsay Tabas

“After a half-hour, a three-tone alert sounds…If the bottle still has not been opened, the system makes an automated reminder phone call to the patient or a caregiver. The GlowCap system compiles adherence data which anyone can be authorized to track. That way the doctor can make sure Gramps stays on his meds.”

Desktop

Mobile

My Shelf

There is one timeless way of building.It is thousands of years old, and the same today as it has always been.The great traditional buildings of the past, the villages and tents and temples in which man feels at home, have always been made by people who were very close to the center of this way.It is not possible to make great buildings, or great towns, beautiful places, places where you feel yourself, places where you feel alive, except by following this way.And, as you will see, this way will lead anyone who looks for it to buildings which are themselves as ancient in their form, as the trees and hills, and as our faces are.

The Timeless Way of Building Christopher Alexander

Window Place (180)

Everybody loves window seats, bay windows, and big windows with low sills and comfortable chairs drawn up to them.

May be part of:• Entrance Room (130)

• Zen View (134) • Light on Two Sides (159) • Street Windows (164)

May contain:

• Alcoves (179)• Low Sill (222)• Built-In Seats (202)• Deep Reveals (223)

A Pattern LanguageChristopher Alexander et al.

Mobile

Tablet

Cross-Media Design Patterns

http://semanticstudios.com/publications/semantics/000029.php

What is Information Architecture?

http://www.maya.com/the-feed/what-is-information-architecture

Agenda

Mental Models

http://www.rosenfeldmedia.com/books/mental-models/

Features

Multi-Channel Service Inventory

http://www.slideshare.net/jessmcmullin/

Experience

Scales of Experience Mike Kuniavsky

Visual Thinking Unwritten Rule #1

“Whoever best describes a problem is the person most likely to solve the problem.

…or, whoever draws the best picture gets the funding.”

99New Soft City by Dan Hill

100Urban Sensing by Dan Hill

Dave Grayhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/davegray/5072115549/

Peter Morvillehttp://findability.org/archives/000640.php

Up The Stairs“How do we make it easier for people to learn about multi-channel possibilities?”http://findability.org/archives/000640.php

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