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Greenprint Your Home: U Solar CEO Harinarayan presents the various solar technologies available in the market today for homes. More at www.thealternative.in/greenprint-your-home
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Rooftop Power for Green HomesPresented by Presented by
The Sun offers more energy in a quarter of an hour than the entire world can use in a whole year….
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Tapping Solar Power…
Solar Photo Voltaic Systems (LIGHT)– Use for generation Electricity– The fastest growing power generation technologies in
the world– Worldwide penetration in over 100 countries
Solar Thermal Systems (HEAT)– Used for Heating applications– A sustainable and most economical way to heat water
for residential or commercial purposes
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• Solar Thermal• Solar PV• Energizing Rooftops
Agenda
SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS
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Sustainable and Economical solution to heat water
Technology Options
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Flat Plate Collectors
Evacuated Tube Collectors
Concentrating or Parabolic Collectors
Technology Options (Residential)
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Flat Plat Collectors Evacuated Tube CollectorsInsulated plates under one or more glass polymer covers
Rows of transparent glass tubes and inner metal tubes
More robust and longer life Not as rugged as flat plate collectors
More expensive due to copper content
Less expensive
Efficiency of 40% Efficiency of 45%
Performance is affected in overcast conditions
Performance is not affected in overcast conditions
Lower Absorber gross area Higher absorber gross area
Additional Options
Re-circulating Pump– Useful for getting instant hot-water– Important if tap to water tank distance is significant (eg: flat is in the
lower floor of complex, or tank serves multiple apartments)
Heating Element– Heating element for days when sunshine is poor or water usage is very
high– Heating element fitted in the water-tank with a manual turn on/off
switch (can be automated with some logic for large installations)
Hard Water – heat exchanger option– If water is hard (> 200ppm), then life of Solar Water Heater is affected– Better to have a “heat exchanger” where the heating fluid is different
from the water that is finally used
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• Solar Thermal• Solar PV• Energizing Rooftops
Agenda
SOLAR ROOF TOP PV‘Generating free power while the sun shines’
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Working of a Solar PV system – Off Grid
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The SunThe Sun
InverterInverter AC LoadsAC Loads
AC
GRID Power
AC
GRID Power
Electrons in upper layer of wafer substance get excited, causing voltage difference from lower layer of wafer
Electrons in upper layer of wafer substance get excited, causing voltage difference from lower layer of wafer
Charge controller charges the batteries during sunlight and controls the charging levels
Charge controller charges the batteries during sunlight and controls the charging levels
Solar Power from the batteries is used as a “first priority”
Solar Power from the batteries is used as a “first priority”
In the event the Solar Power runs out, the AC Mains /GRID takes over
In the event the Solar Power runs out, the AC Mains /GRID takes over
Sun’s rays light up the upper layer of wafer substance in Solar PV cell module
Sun’s rays light up the upper layer of wafer substance in Solar PV cell module
Voltage difference between wafer layers in module cause s electric current to be generated, which is sent through cables to charge controller
Voltage difference between wafer layers in module cause s electric current to be generated, which is sent through cables to charge controller
The batteries supplies power to the inverter, which supplies AC to the loads
The batteries supplies power to the inverter, which supplies AC to the loads
Charge
Controller
Charge
Controller
DC Loads are directly powered from the batteries
DC Loads are directly powered from the batteries
++
--
ee
Working of a Solar PV system – Grid Tied
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The SunThe Sun
Electrons in upper layer of wafer substance get excited, causing voltage difference from lower layer of wafer
Electrons in upper layer of wafer substance get excited, causing voltage difference from lower layer of wafer
Sun’s rays light up the upper layer of wafer substance in Solar PV cell module
Sun’s rays light up the upper layer of wafer substance in Solar PV cell module
++
--
ee
AC LoadsAC LoadsAC
GRID Power
AC
GRID Power
Inverter synchronized with the grid Grid and reduces Grid power usage to the Loads
Inverter synchronized with the grid Grid and reduces Grid power usage to the Loads
InverterInverter
Voltage difference between wafer layers in module cause electric current to be generated, which is sent through wiring to inverter
Voltage difference between wafer layers in module cause electric current to be generated, which is sent through wiring to inverter
August 2012 Presentation to BESCOM by U-SOLAR 13
Key Differences between Two SystemsFeature Grid Tie System Off Grid System
Working Pumps directly into grid Manager Solar, Battery, Load and Grid
Storage None - Separate Home Inverter System needed
Battery Bank to store extra power
Costs Cheaper due to simpler inverter and no storage
Higher due to more sophisticated solar inverter and storage
Maintenance Less (no batteries) Higher (due to batteries)
Backup Power
Must be another UPS or DG
Part of the system
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Working of a Solar PV system – Hybrid System
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The SunThe Sun
InverterInverter AC LoadsAC Loads
AC
GRID Power
AC
GRID Power
Electrons in upper layer of wafer substance get excited, causing voltage difference from lower layer of wafer
Electrons in upper layer of wafer substance get excited, causing voltage difference from lower layer of wafer
Charge controller charges the batteries during sunlight and controls the charging levels
Charge controller charges the batteries during sunlight and controls the charging levels
Solar Power from the batteries is used as a “first priority”
Solar Power from the batteries is used as a “first priority”
In the event the Solar Power runs out, the AC Mains /GRID takes over
In the event the Solar Power runs out, the AC Mains /GRID takes over
Sun’s rays light up the upper layer of wafer substance in Solar PV cell module
Sun’s rays light up the upper layer of wafer substance in Solar PV cell module
Voltage difference between wafer layers in module cause s electric current to be generated, which is sent through cables to charge controller
Voltage difference between wafer layers in module cause s electric current to be generated, which is sent through cables to charge controller
The batteries supplies power to the inverter, which supplies AC to the loads
The batteries supplies power to the inverter, which supplies AC to the loads
Charge
Controller
Charge
Controller
DC Loads are directly powered from the batteries
DC Loads are directly powered from the batteries
++
--
ee
Excess Power is fed back to the grid
Excess Power is fed back to the grid
System Components: Solar Panels• These are normally located on the
roof of the building mounted on MS / Stainless Structures
• They can also be mounted on sloping roofs (tiled or otherwise)
• Ideally they should face the South, but East or West is also possible
• Approximate space is about 130 sqft / kw of installation
• They are interconnected to a certain voltage using special DC cables. The voltage depend on the configuration
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System Components: Inverter• The inverter is the “brains” behind the
system and manages power from different source
• A hybrid inverter marries different sources of power – solar, battery and grid and feeds the load
• It senses the load requirements, the available Solar and Grid Power and feeds the load
• The inverter must be rated to support the peak load of the facility
• It can be programmed to maximize the use of solar power as well as provide backup power 16
System Components: Battery Bank• These are special Solar Lead Acid
Batteries with special charging / discharging characteristics
• These store the solar power for usage
• The size of the storage is determined by the duration of backup power that is required
• These need to be maintained with regular checkup (4 – 6 months)
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• Solar Thermal• Solar PV• Energizing Rooftops
Agenda
Thrust on Solar Energy in India
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission ( JNNSM)
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Key HighlightsKey Highlights
- Targets 20 GW of Solar Power generation by 2022
- 1st phase of JNNSM includes 200 MW of Roof top PV &
- Targets 7 Mn. sq.m. of SWH installations by 2013
- 30% capital subsidy and/or soft loan option @5% interest rates
*Generation Based Incentive
Rooftop Solar: Net Metering is the Key
Generate while the sun-shines and earn revenue.
Draw from the grid when you need it
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The Importance of Net Metering
• Zero liability on the Utility… ie. Government does not need to do anything other than define the specifications and framework No Revenue outflow
• Solar Power at Utility scale cannot compete with Coal / Hydel w/o government support… however..
• Solar Power at Retail level is now “grid competitive”– Commercial tariff in Karnataka @ 7.5 / kwh– Rooftop Solar can be made available at similar rates
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Urban Vision for Solar – “Net Zero” Homes
• All Residential rooftops can have solar PV systems ranging from 1kw upwards
• Simple Math:– 100,000 homes in Bangalore install an average of 2 kw
each (total space per 2kw ~ 300 sqft)– Total installed capacity 200 MW– This is about 20 – 30% of Bangalore’s residential
requirement
• These generators will supply power to the grid during the day and draw back
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What is required from the Government
• Enable net-metering policy– Define the standards and safety mechanisms– Define the process (who reads the meters, how, etc)– Define the billing mechanism
[ No Cost to the Government]The rest will be taken care of by the citizens !
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Net Metering Policies in India
• Tamilnadu has allowed Net Metering since 2012– However standards notified only in Nov ‘2013– Applicable for residential customers
• Andhra has allowed net metering now– Subsidy for residential customers
• No proper news from Karnataka
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Capital Subsidy Info
• For residential, only upto 1 kw, 30% subsidy was available (for commercial this is 100kw)
• However, NO new projects have been approved since April 2013
• Some developers were offering system net of subsidy.. But that is now being withdrawn
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Mahalakshmi, HSR Layout [Bangalore]
PV Modules - 2kWp Inverter - 2.6kVA Battery Bank - 1200Ah
BCIL, [Bangalore]
Sadashiv Nagar office PV Modules - 2kWp Battery Bank - 600Ah
Dodbellapur site PV Modules - 2kWp Inverter – 3 KVA Battery Bank - 600Ah
P G Ganapathy, Good Earth [Bangalore]
PV Modules - 1.4kWp Inverter - 2.3kVA Battery Bank - 800Ah
Rajesh – Hulimavu [Bangalore]
PV Modules - 2kWp Inverter – 3 kVA Battery Bank - 800Ah
Vishwannath Associates, Bangalore
PV Modules - 4 kWp Inverter - 5kVA Battery Bank - 720Ah
Tribal Hospital [Gudalur, TN]
PV Modules – 7 kWp Inverter – 2 x 3.7 kVA Battery Bank - 2400Ah
25 Kw Westin Hotel, Mindspace [Hyderabad]
Ananda Vikatan – 25 kw[Chennai]
PV Modules – 25 kWp Inverter – 24 kw
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