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Dr Alessandro Seganti from Cognitum presented basics of Semantic Technologies, OntorionCNL, Ontorion Semantic Framework and Fluent Editor during International Conference on Computer Science -- Research and Applications IBIZA 2014, UMCS Lublin. To learn more visit: http://www.cognitum.eu/semantics/
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International Conference on computer science – research and applications IBIZA 2014
21 March 2014 UMCS Lublin
Alessandro SegantiData Engineer @Cognitum
a.seganti@cognitum.eu
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Modeling Ontologies with Natural Language
Fluent Editor and Ontorion Server
OWL and OCNLintroduction
Semantic Web: Multiple ontologies written in OWL/RDF, locally or in the web
DL
OCNL
SWRL
Horn Logic
{New−York}⊑(city)⊓(∃(belong−to).({New−York−State}))
New-York is a city and belongs-to New-York-State.
DL
OWL
OCNL
intermediate−customer⊑customer
Every intermediate-customer is a customer.
DL
OWL
OCNL
industrial−customer≡(customer)⊓(∃(have−industry).(⊤))
Something is an industrial-customer if-and-only-if-it is a customer that has-industry something.
DL
OWL
OCNL
⌂city(?city0)⋀state(?state0)⋀belong−to(?city0,?state0)→contain(?state0,?city0)
If a city belongs-to a state then the state contains the city.
SWRL
OCNL
Ontorion CNL : Basic ConceptsSemantic technologies
Concept/Class definition
young-male-man very-beautiful-girl
Every parent is a person.
Class identifiers start with a small letter and they use dashes between words, e.g. very-beautiful-girl, young-male-man.
Classes are defined when their names are used in at least one sentence.
OWL → FE CNL: VeryBeautifulGirl → very-beautiful-girl
Instances
John is a person.
Instance identifier = each part starts with a capital letter and they are separated with hyphens
John-Dow Tanker-Accident-X
OWL → FE CNL: JohnDow → John-Dow
The-”K22 P2”
Dealing with namespacesAt first line, when creating a new ontology model in FE, you can declare a default namespace for your ontology.Namespace: 'http://www.ontorion.com/ontologies/family-model-instances'.
At last lines, you can define references of other ontology models that you can use when writing the current model.References: [family] 'http://www.ontorion.com/ontologies/family' ('.\family-model.encnl').
Then, writing the model, you use the reference name with [] together with notions of referenced ontology.Mary is a woman[family]. Rose has-parent[family] Mary.
Fluent Editor and OntorionSemantic technologies
Fluent Editor™ 2
User is precisely guided during the entire editing process
Hints
Explanations
Predictive editor
Taxonomy preview
Fluent Editor™ 2
build complex scenarios using referenced ontologies from Web or servers
Architecture Overview
Executors
Any huge documentrepository
modularizator
reasoner
Ontologydatabase
reasoner
reasoner
reasoner
External data stream(social, logs, sensors)
CNL Semantic Applications (Desktop or Web)
OCNL
Cognitum CNL : OWL equivalenceSemantic technologies
Concept subsumption
Every boy is a young-male-man.
Saying that one concept subsumes the other we define IS-A/taxonomic relation and a concept hierarchy.
Concept equivalence
Something is a boy if-and-only-if-it is a young-male-man.
Every boy is a young-male-man.Every young-male-man is a boy.
Saying that two concepts are equivalent we say that they also subsumes each other.
Concept intersection
Something is a young-male-man if-and-only-if-it is a young-thing that is a male-thing and is a person.
We can define intersections and unions of any given length.
Something is a young-male-man if-and-only-if-it is a young-thing and is a male-thing and is a person.
Concept union
Something is a child if-and-only-if-itis a boy and-or is a girl.
We can define unions of concepts with the use of and-or keyword.
Negations / Complement
Something is a young-thing if-and-only-if-it is not an adult-thing.
No young-thing is an adult-thing.
Every-single-thing that is a young-thingis not an adult-thing.
Everything in the world is an adult-thing or a young-thing.
Every young-thing is not an adult-thing.
The classes of young-thing and adult-thing are disjoint.
Value partition / Disjoint union
Something is a person if-and-only-if-it-eitheris a child, is a young-thing, is a middle-age-thing or is an old-thing.
A disjoint union axiom states that a class C is a disjoint unionof the class expressions CEi , 1 ≤ i ≤ n, all of which are pairwise disjoint.
• Existential role restrictions
• Universal role restrictions
Every person is-a-child-of a parent.
Every person is-a-child-of nothing-but parents.
These restrictions are complementary to each other. However, they do not imply each other.
Something is a happy-person if-and-only-if-it has-child a happy-person and has-child nothing-but happy-persons.
Restrictions
Something is a johns-children if-and-only-if-it has-parent John.
Something is a my-birthday-guests if-and-only-if-it is either John, Mary or Bill.
Property value
Enumeration of individuals
Property restrictionsEvery person is-a-child-of at-most two parents.
Every person is-a-child-of at-least two parents.
Every person is-a-child-of two parents.
keyword less-than more-than
≤ at-most
≥ at-least
≠ different-than
= -
Restrictions & inversion of roles
Every child is loved by parents.
We can use inverse of properties in ontology axioms using „be” and „by” keywords in FE.
Keys in ontology
Keys are for uniquely identifying an individual.
Every X that is a person is-unique-if X has-id something and X has-name something.
Cognitum CNL : Property CharacteristicsSemantic technologies
Property subsumption
If X loves Y then X likes Y.
Role inclusion
Axioms on properties (1)
If X has-ancestor something that has-ancestor Y then X has-ancestor Y. has-ancestor is
transitive
X has-sibling Y if-and-only-if Y has-sibling X. has-sibling is
symmetric
has-child is an inverse of has-parent
X has-child Y if-and-only-if Y has-parent X.
If X has-child Y then X not has-spouse Y. has-spouse and has-child are disjoint
Axioms on properties (2)
Domain of is-a-wife-of property is a woman class
Every-single-thing that is-a-wife-of is a woman.
Range of is-a-wife-of property is a person class
Every-single-thing is-a-wife-of nothing-but persons.
Every-single-thing is not a thing that has-sibling itself.
Every person likes itself.
has-sibling is irreflexive
likes is reflexive
Complex role/property chainshas-parent has-brother
has-uncleIf X has-parent something that has-brother Y then X has-uncle Y.
Object property chains provide a means to define properties as a composition of other properties.
SubObjectPropertyOf ( ObjectPropertyChain( OPE1 ... OPEn ) OPE) states that any individual x connected with an individual y by a chain of object properties expressions OPE1, ..., OPEn is necessary connected with y by the object property OPE.
Data property assertions
John has-name equal-to 'John'.
Lenka borns-on-date equal-to '1975-11-10'.
Tanker-Accident has-time equal-to '2013-07-08T9:30:40.40'.
Data property domain & range
Every-single-thing that has-name (some-value) is a person.
Every-single-thing has-name nothing-but (some-string-value).
Keywords used to define date property values are:some-value, some-string-value, some-integer-value, some-boolean-value, some-real-value, and some-datetime-value.
Data property axioms
Every adult-person has-age greater-or-equal-to 18.
= equal-to greater-than lower-than
≥ lower-or-equal-to
≤ greater-or-equal-to
≠ different-from
Regular expressionsEvery-single-thing that has-name that-matches-pattern '.*a' is a female-person.
Regular expressions
[] alternative sign in square brackets, e.g. [A-Z], [tT]he
[^ ] negation, e.g. [^0-9]
| disjunction, e.g. the|The
? optional previous char, e.g. colou?r
* 0 or more of previous char, e.g. [A-Z][a-z]*
+ 1 or more of previous char
. any char
^ beginning anchor
$ end anchor
to learn more visit our website:
www.cognitum.eu/semantics/
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