Derivation & inflection

FIND WORD WHICH HAS AS MANY MORPHEMES AS POSSIBLE Pseudoantidisestablishmentarianism: False opposition to the separation of church and of the state. Pseudo-: fa ls e Anti-: a g a ins t Dis-: no t Establish: -Ment: the a c tio n/p ro c e s s o f … -Arian: p e rs o n -Ism: be lie f…

WORD CAN BE MADE LONGER BY ADDING AFFIXES

STRUCTURE OF WORD

No more than 1 prefix (which is always derrivational)

No more than 1 inflectional suffix; usually comes last in the word

There may be more than 1 derrivational suffixes

Examples: -Trans p o rte rs

tra ns : prefix (across, through, beyond)p o rt: bound base (carry)e r: derrivational suffix (person)s : inflectional suffix (plural)

-Inte rna tio na liz e dna tio n: free baseinte r: prefix (among, between)a l: derivational suffix (belong to)iz e : derivational suffix (make)e d : inflectional suffix (past/past participle)

-Unve rba liz e d-Find ing s

DERIVATION

The formation of new words by adding affixes (class changing or class maintaining) to words or morphemes

Derivational paradigm:A set of related words composed of the same base

morpheme and all the derivational affixes that can go with this base

Ex: child

Base(root) + derivational affix(es) New derived word

, childhood, childlike, childish, childishness, childishly, childless, childlessness

InflectionThe process of adding an affix ( suffix) to a word to change its form according to grammar rules.

Inflectional paradigm:

A set of related words composed of the same stem and all the inflectional suffixes that can go with this stem.

Ex: child , children, child’s, children’s

Stem + inflectional suffix inflected forms of one and the same word

Derivational/ Inflectionalparadigm

Man

man, manly, manliness, unman, subman, reman, superman, manlike, manlikeness

Large

large, largely, enlarge, largish, largesse, enlargement, enlarger

man, men, man’s. men’s

large, larger, largest

Analyse these words:Unfrie nd line s s Info rm a lity How are they formed? Which affixes are added first to the base…? The process of adding affixes to make new words

Un friend li ness

IC-diagrams

WORD IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENTS (IC) WORD IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENTS (IC)

To analyse the structure of a word, we must base on its hierarchical constituents (which means that a constituent of a word can be a constituent of another constituent of that word) .What are IC’s?Any of the 2 meaningful parts forming a larger linguistic unit.

WORD IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENTSWORD IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENTS

How to divide a word into IC’s?

The first cut is b/w the inflectional suffix (if any) and the rest of the word. The IC’s should be free forms, having meaning on their own. The meaning of the IC’s should be related to the meaning of the word

WORD IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENTS/ EXAMPLESWORD IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENTS/ EXAMPLES

Discover (v): to find or learn sth new…

discover * discover dis cover discov er(person who…) (not) (put sth on sth to protect it)

* discover * discover dis cover disc over (not) cov er (CD) (above; across)

WORD IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENTSWORD IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENTSExamples:

inte rna tio na liz e d

inte rna tio na liz e e d

inte rna tio na l iz e

inte r na tio na l

na tio n a l