New Encounters

New Encounter: The Creation of a World Market

• Age of Exploration & Expansion- Islam and the spice trade

-Empire of Songhai--Timbuktu & the Niger River Valley

A New Player: Europe

• The motives: economics & religious zeal…for everyone?• The means: a state enterprise &

centralized monarchy; knowledge & technology (portolani); cartography; caravels;

Principal Voyages of Exploration

caravel & portolani

Conquest of the “New World”

• Myth: Columbus set out to do what?• Spanish conquistadors:– outfitted privately, not by the government– not professional soldiers of the king’s army– motivations: glory, greed, religious zeal– role of the Spanish patronage system

Governing the Empires

• The State & the Church in colonial Latin America• Exploiting the riches of the Americas• The Columbian Exchange• Christopher Columbus: hero or

villain?

Africa in Transition

• The Portuguese in Africa-monopolization of the gold trade

• The Dutch in Africa-Cape of Good Hope; Boers

• The Slave Trade-arrival of Europeans-growth of the slave trade-the Middle Passage-sources of slaves-effects of the slave trade

The Middle Passage

Southeast Asia & the Spice Trade

• Arrival of the West-Dutch East India Company

-10x the capital of the English E I C-Island of Java

-role of pepper plantations• State & Society in precolonial South East Asia

-religion and kingship-the economy

-regional & interregional trade-exports…ceramics, silk, luxury goods