Knowledge Markets

Knowledge Markets: More than Providers and Users

Presented to: IPSI Montreal

June 30 to July 3, 2006

Albert SimardDirector, Knowledge StrategiesNatural Resources Canada

2

Presentation Outline

Background

Knowledge Markets

Knowledge Services System

Application

3

An Opening Thought…

“One of the saddest features of the real world is that goods do not spontaneously present themselves for distribution.”   

The Economist (Nov. 5, 1994)

Background

4

Task Group Mandate

“Examine the nature of science-related programs in Natural Resources Canada, describe appropriate elements in the context of Government of Canada Service Transformation, and submit a report.”

Background

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Orders of Knowledge

1. Routine

•Standards, manuals•Bureaucrats, administrators•Categorize, process

2. Specialized

•Technical documents•Experts, consultants•Design, develop systems

3. Complex

•Tacit knowledge•Scientists, experience•Find patterns, understand

4. Chaotic

•Observations•Explorers, innovators•Explore, test

Adapted from Snowden (2002)

Background

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Traditional Information Market Model

Demand (Users)

Supply (Providers)

Providers and users connect

through an Information

Market

Government On-Line

Global Disaster Information Network

Markets

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Knowledge Services

Content: “Embedded value, in the form of the message or signal contained within elements of the content value chain.”

Products: “Tangible, storable commodity or merchandise, with embedded value, derived from content.”

Services: “Intangible, non-storable work, function, or process, with embedded value, derived from content.”

Solutions: “Successful use of content, products, or services to embed and extract value by accomplishing organizational tasks.”

Markets

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Content Value Chain

Objects

Data Information

Knowledge Wisdom

“Flow of content through sequential stages, each of which changes its form and increases its usefulness and value.”

Markets

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Knowledge Services Value Chain

Generate

Transform

Add Value

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Use Internally

Use Professionally

Use Personally

Transfer

Evaluate

Enable

Extract

Advance

Embed

Legend

Markets

Organization

Society

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Knowledge Services Stages

1. Generate (start Knowledge Services value chain)

2. Transform (goods & services increase utility, value)

3. Manage (permit transfer)

4. Use Internally (accomplish organizational objectives)

5. Transfer (enable external use)

6. Enhance (increase availability, utility, value)

7. Use Professionally (sector derives benefits)

8. Use Personally (individuals derive benefits)

9. Evaluate (organizational mandate, resources)

Markets

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Value-Chain Knowledge Market Model

(Performance / Supply)

(Market / Demand)

6. Add Value

7. Use Professionally

8. Use Personally

Evaluate

Natural Resources

Forestry

Metals & Minerals

Earth Sciences

Energy

1. Generate

2. Transform

3. Enable

4. Use Internally

5. Transfer

Organization

Markets

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Insights: Knowledge Markets

There are four types of knowledge services: content, products, services, and solutions.

A Knowledge-services value chain represents the flow of goods and services through sequential stages, in which value is embedded, advanced, or extracted.

A knowledge market consists of a group of cyclic, interrelated knowledge services value chains.

A knowledge market model is a useful approach for measuring and managing knowledge services.

Markets

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Knowledge Services System

Indirect Outputs Sector

OutcomesCanadians

Intelligence

Organization

Mandate

Body of Knowledge(Knowledg

e cycle)

Direct Outputs

EvaluatorsRecommendations

Benefits

(tertiary)

(secondary)

(primary)Knowledge

System

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System Hierarchy

Knowledge Services System

Knowledge Services Sub-Systems (5)

Stages (9)

Components (34+9)

Sub-Components (245+44)

System

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System Framework

Component a Component d Component…

Component b Component e Component…

Component c Component f Component…

Purpose 1 Purpose 2 Purpose…

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage …Outputs & Services Value Chain

Benefits

Who

Work

What

Why

Elements of Zachman (1992)

System

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System Stages

Organization

Society / Nature

Interme-diaries

Add Value

Enhanced Outputs

Developers

Transform

Products / Services

Users

Use

Internall

y

Solution

s

Evaluator

s

Evaluate

Performan

ce/

Markets

Recommen

d

Clients

Use Profession-ally

Outcomes / Societal B.

Canadia

ns

Use Personall

y

Personal

Benefits

Originato

rsGenerat

eContent*

Lost

ManagersPreserve / Enable

Existing / Available Inventory

*

* = essential

Prov

ide

rsTr

ansa

ct

/ Tr

ansf

er

Outpu

t

s

Knowledge

*Other Services

System

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Production Sub-System

to Inventory

from Inventory

Society & Nature

Content

Generate

Originators1

Partners OrganizationMandate

2

Products & Services

Transform

Developers

System

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Transform Content

Developers Transform Products Services

Engineer

Data Architect

Systems Analyst

Information analyst

Programmer

Specialist

Author

Compiler

Editor

Develop

Codify

Embed

Analyse content

Write

Assemble

Produce

Database

Scientific article

Technical report

Outreach material

Geospatial products

Statistical products

Standards

Policies

Regulations

Systems

Devices

Answers

Advice

Teaching

Facilitation

Support

Laboratory

System

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Insights: Knowledge Services System

A Knowledge Services System integrates many components, flows, and interactions across organizations, sectors, and society.

In a properly functioning system, the components work as a group to support the flow of knowledge services through a value chain.

A Knowledge Services System includes nine sequential stages, three of which are essential.

Each stage includes who, work, what, and why components.

System

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Implementing a Service Framework

Knowledge Services System Model

Serviced-Based Framework

Management Plans

Programs

Content Strategy

Business

Mandate

Business Model

Establishment

Direction

Priorities

Organization (implement)

People (culture change)

Process (inventories)

Technology (systems)

DM / IM / KM /

RM / Lib. / Coll.

Recommendations Direction

Coordination

Reports

Application

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Some Strategic Questions

Organizational role in information and knowledge markets?

Balance between supply- and demand-driven approaches to knowledge markets?

Distribution of outputs among different user groups?

Position of outputs and services along a spectrum from rich to reach?

Functional or service framework for managing content?

Application

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A Final Thought…

“The first task of any theory is to clarify terms and concepts that are confused… Only after agreement has been reached regarding terms and concepts can we hope to consider the issues easily and clearly and expect to share the same viewpoint.”

Karl Von Clausewitz (1780-1831)