Evolution of management

Time Individual or group

Plan

Organize

Lead

Control

Contribution to Management

5000 B.C.

Sumerians √ Record Keeping

4000-2000B.C.

Egyptians √ √ √ Recognized the need for.. Submitted request in writing. Decisions after consultation

1800 B.C.

Hammurabi

√ Control using witnesses. Writing transactions

600 B.C.

Nebuchadnezzar

√ √ Wage incentives and production control

500 B.C.

Sun Tzu √ √ Strategy; identifying and attacking opponents weaknesses

400 B.C.

Xenophon √ √ √ √ Recognized Management as a separate art

400 B.C.

Cyrus √ √ √ Human Relations and motion study

175 Cato √ Job descriptions

284 Diocletian √ Delegation of Authority

900 Alfarabi √ Listed leadership traits

1100 Ghazali √ Listed managerial traits

1418 Barbarigo √ Different organizational forms

1436 Venetians √ Numbering, standardization, interchangeability of parts

1500 Sir Thomas

√ Critical of poor management and leadership

1525 Maciavelli √ √ Cohesiveness, power, leadership in orgs.

• Frederck Taylor• The Gilbreths • Henry Gantt • Max Weber • Henri Foyal

Industrial Revolution 1750-1900

Father of Scientific ManagementWorker at Midvale

Steel CompanyChief EngineerSoldering

(deliberately slow output)

Rate Buster (Work pace is faster than normal)

Fair Day’s workFrederick W Taylor (1856 - 1915)

TaylorismDevelop a science of each work element.

Give rest breaksScientifically select, train, teach, and

develop workers Cooperate with employees to implement

scientific methodDivide the work and responsibility

equally between management and workers

Motion StudiesApprentice brick

layer

Employment of handicapped workers and industrial psychology

Motion studies Frank and Lillian Gilbreth(1868-1924) (1878-1972)

The GilbrethsMotion StudiesBrick laying motionsEliminated unnecessary

motionsRaised productivity form

120-350 bricks/hBreakdown Work

Easy Safe

“The greatest waste in the world comes from needless ill directed and ineffective motions”

Used motion picture films

Productivity increased from 25 – 300%

Surgical procedures for finding instruments still in use today

The GilbrethsWorld war I, 13 million wounded/handicapped1918 Vocational Rehabilitation Act passedDesigned machines for handicapped workers

Lillian was concerned with human side of work Industrial psychology Office communication Incentive programs Job satisfaction Management training Laws

Work place safety Ergonomics Child Labor

Henry GanttProtégé and

associate of TaylorGantt ChartsPay for

performance plans (productivity doubled)

Supervisors and workers rewarded for training

Henry Gantt (1861-1919)

Gantt Charts

“They show at a glance where the delays occur and indicate what must have out attention in order to keep up the proper output”

Assembly LineChief engineerCEO of FordAssembly lineMass Production

Henri Ford(1863-1947)

Assembly LineConveyer beltWorkers remained

in placePrecision

manufacturingStandardized and

interchangeable parts

Car assembly time form 12.5 man hours to 93 mins.

Bureaucratic ManagementGerman

SociologistAgainst monarchal

and patriarchic rule

Bureaucracy- desk rule

Knowledge Expertise ExperienceMax Weber

(1864-1920)

Bureaucratic ManagementPromotion based on

meritClarified chain of

command (who reports to whom)

Grievance procedureDivision of LaborImpartial

application of rulesRecorded in writingManagers separate

from owners

Administrative ManagementFrench mining

Engineer CEO of a steel company

Kept log of increased/decreased productivity

Hired to shut the company down

Henri Fayol (1841-1925)

“The success of an enterprise generally depends much more on the administrative ability of its leaders than on their technical

ability”

Administrative ManagementDetermining

organizational goals and means of achieving them

Deciding where decisions will be made

Who will do what jobs and who will work for whom

Leading inspiring and motivation

Controlling, monitoring progress toward goal achievement

Integration of 5P’s with Foyal

Management should be taught to others, as managers are not

born but can be made.

• Mary Parker Folletts• Elton Mayo• Hawthorne Studies• Chester Bernard

Constructive Conflict and Coordination

Social worker with a degree in political science

Domination CompromiseIntegrative conflict

ResolutionRole of Coordination in

organizations Interrelated Direct Early stages Continuing process

Mary Parker Follett’s (1868 - 1933)

“The appearance of difference, difference of opinions ,of interests. Conflict means-difference and difference is everywhere thus we cannot avoid it and should use it to work for us”

Hawthorne StudiesAustralian born

famous for Hawthorne studies at Western Electric Company

1919 more than 4 million Americans went on strike

1935 National Labor Act

Hawthorne Effect: More attention paid Group consulted Social units formedElton Mayo

(1880-1948)

Cooperation and Acceptance of Authority

Engineer at AT&TGeneral manger at

Pennsylvania Bell Telephone

Defines OrganizationExecutive functions

Securing essential services

Organizational purpose System of

CommunicationChester Bernard (1886-1961)

End WordTaylor shop floor upHenri Fayol Board of directors downCompare our first table which dates in

BC to out 125 year old management evolution

Need is the mother of inventionContingency approach

If your name is Henri it increase your probability of coming up with some thing new in management science.

Vocabulary

KPI’s Models

Integrative conflict Resolution Assignment

Understanding of the evolution of management starting from as far as possible (ancient times) is must for

developing new thoughts, processes, models etc to make the business of today and future more effective and attractive.