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business ethics, relativism,
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CSGB6102 Business Ethics and Corporate Governance
TOPIC
ETHICAL RELATIVISM
Business Ethics and Corporate Governance
Prepared by:
Alireza Khosroyar CGA110033
CSGB6102 Business Ethics and Corporate Governance
Defining relativism Some things really are relative:
Preference for chocolate or vanilla Fashion Humor Being large
Different cultures have different moral codes For example some Eskimo culture:
• Men had more than one wife
• less regard for human life :– infanticide was common – female babies in particular were likely to be killed.
CSGB6102 Business Ethics and Corporate Governance
Defining Ethical relativism Relativism is a view that there is no absolute moral truth
Or alternatively that what count as right or wrong is relative to the individuals, groups, cultures and societies.
Relativism resists universal moral norms.
CSGB6102 Business Ethics and Corporate Governance
Relativism problem for ethic There are only various cultural codes and nothing more.
It has persuaded people to be skeptical about ethics.
It challenges our belief in the objectivity and universally of moral truth.
CSGB6102 Business Ethics and Corporate Governance
By far the most compelling reason for relativism is what is called the cultural differences argument.
This argument goes as follows
i. If there were an absolute truth about morality then cultures would not vary in their morality.
ii. Cultures do vary in their morality believe.
iii.Therefore , there is no absolute truth about morality.
So why think that relativism about morality is true?
CSGB6102 Business Ethics and Corporate Governance
Arguments for Ethical Relativism Argument No.1
“Since cultures and individuals differ in certain moral practices, there are no objective moral values.”
Objections on this argument:- There is a right answer
- Difference in practices not values
- Difference in appearance
CSGB6102 Business Ethics and Corporate Governance
Arguments for Ethical Relativism Argument No.2
“Since ethical relativism promotes tolerance of certain cultural practices, ethical relativism is a good thing.”
Objections on this argument:- Tolerance is absolute value!
- Tolerance is not virtue here!
CSGB6102 Business Ethics and Corporate Governance
Reputable Film• Work experience
• Certify & qualify of service• High capability to perform
MD from Japan• Having good impression• Having good experience
• Had been cooperate with company before
Assistant Manager & committees
• Build good rapport• Hinted more gifts & dinner
• Best value for money
Finance & Administrative
Manager• Price & cost sensitive
• Good relationship• Familiar the agency
Theory Application
CSGB6102 Business Ethics and Corporate Governance
Corruption VS Relativism(Corruption is seen as a way to anticipate in the development of the country that
already enhances such social phenomenon)
High level of social responsibility tend to perceive that ethics and social responsibility are really important for corporate
profitability
Idealistic attitude tend to perceive that ethics and social responsibility are important for long-term profits.
Relativistic individuals tend to perceive that ethics and social responsibility can only have benefits in the short-term.
CSGB6102 Business Ethics and Corporate Governance
Corruption VS Relativism Two factorial subscales (Forsyth’s typology of ethical ideologies):
(1) ethics and social responsibility are very important in business, both in principle and for corporate profitability and survival; and
(2) the fact that ethics and social responsibility are subjected to the achievement of organizational effectiveness actually reveals that ethics and social responsibility could be discarded when they are not favoring organizational effectiveness in terms of profitability, efficiency, or survival.
CSGB6102 Business Ethics and Corporate Governance
Corruption VS Relativism Reduce the corruption phenomenon
political and economic decisive factors political will and commitment + international financial
institutions & the commercial banking industry Code of conduct (scope of corruption & corrective action) Zero tolerance policy
To reduce the pace of corruption in organizational culture
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