humanities principle of visual art

Principle of Visual Art

What is the Principle of Visual Art?

• Are the rules, tools and guidelines that artists use to organize the elements of art in an artwork.• It helps put these elements together to

achieve beauty• Perception of art is governed by different

principles of art design that guide the artist in making the art become more beautiful and interesting to the observers.

Design• It is the proper arrangement of the different art elements in order to produce something beautiful• Makes the object from one perception to another• A good design is the result of a careful and correct application of the principle. It is the most important factor to remember to execute these principles in order to achieve better perception.

• Design is the over-all visual structure of the formal elements of a work of art.

• The arrangement and organization of visual elements within the piece of work.

Principles of Art

• 1.Harmony / Unity• 2.Rhythm / Movement • 3.Balance• 4.Proportion• 5.Emphasis

Standards or rules to be observed by artists in creating works of art; they are how to create a good composition.

1.Harmony• Visually pleasing agreement among the

elements in a design; It is the feeling that everything in the work of art works together and looks like it fits. • An art principle which produces an

impression of unity, thus unity occur and all the elements of piece combined to make a balance, harmonious, and complete whole

• It is a quality which unifies a complete part of an arrangement.

• If there is harmony there is order and every orderly arrangement is harmonious.

A. Harmony in Shapes and Lines a.1 Repetitiona. 2.Transitionala.3.Contrasting/Opposing

B. Harmony in SizeC. Harmony in Color

c.1 Relatedc.2 Contrasted

D. Harmony in TextureE. Harmony of Ideas

5 Aspects of Harmony

a.Harmony in shapes and lines a .1 Repetition- If a small rectangle is

placed is placed within a bigger rectangle so that their sides are parralel

a. 2. Transitional- usually curved, graceful line which connects two opposing or contrasting lines

a. 3 Contrasting/Opposing- a straight line which intersect each other and form angles.

B.Harmony in Size

C.Harmony of Color• Using two or more colors in

decorating an article or an object

c.1-Related Harmonies- colors that came from one color but different shade

c.2-Contrasted Harmonies- is achieved by a combination of any opposite colors in the color wheel.

D.Harmony of Texture• Can be determined by feeling the object or by

looking at it. Coarse textures should not be combined with fine textures.

E. Harmony of Idea• compilation of an objects that has

something common in each other

2.Rhythm/Movement• Rhythm is the regular, uniform or related

movement made through the repetition of a unit or motif.

•

• Repetition of a unit creates a feeling of movement or rhythm

• All structural elements may be repeated to suggest movement.

• It is visual movement in a design or arrangement.

Motion in Painting

Motion in Sculpture

Motion in Architecture

Rhythm is classified into:

• A. Formal Rhythm(Uniform rhythm)- It is the repetition of a motif in uniform and regular arrangement.

•B. Informal/Random Rhythm(Free rhythm)- It is the repetition of a motif with variation in its form, size, and arrangement

3.Balance• Balance is a condition or quality

which gives a feeling of rest, repose, equilibrium or stability.

• It is the “visual weights” of lines, forms, values, textures and colors that we really balance.

• Distribution of visual weight and interest

Kinds of Balance:• A. Formal or Symmetrical Balance-

refers to using the exact same characteristics in the same position on either side of the composition; like a mirror image.

• a.1-Bisymmetrical, Absolute or Perfect Balance- the balance of identical objects (value, size, texture, color) placed on each side of central axis and equally distant from the center.

Division of the Formal Balance

• a.2-Symmetrical, Apparent or Obvious Balance- the balance of objects with nearly identical description.

B. Informal or Asymmetrical Balance- the balance of unequal visual weights, the heavier one being nearer the axis and the lighter one farther. Occult and free balance.

Informal or Asymmetrical BalanceBy color By shape:

By position By texture:

The face or head of a normal person looks symmetrical at the front, but it is not considered bi-symmetrical.

Classical paintings and designs are mostly formal while modern arts are usually informal.

• b.1 Slant or Diagonal Balance- the objects are balanced on a diagonal axis.

Division of Informal Balance

Objects can be balanced formally by changing their distances from the center and by increasing or decreasing the visual weight of one of them.

To balance objects on a horizontal axis, the objects with the heavier visual weight must appear nearer the axis than the other.

C. Radial Balance- is when the elements radiate from the center.

• Size relationships of one part to another part or to the whole.

• A quality of art in which shows pleasing relationship between themselves and its parts and between the parts and themselves.

• Expressed in terms of ratios.

4.Proportion

Proportion in Architecture

Proportion in Painting

Proportion in Sculpture

There is a real sense of proportion in each of the two paintings above. Without the effective use of the principle of proportion you would not experience the majesty of the mountain cliffs in the painting on the left or the towering height of the trees in the painting on the right.

In the two paintings above proportion emphasizes the distance of the ship and the vastness of the ball room.

Greek oblong or a rectangle with the ratio of two is to three (2:3)- the standard Greek proportion for two dimensional or flat surfaces.

The Parthenon, a building in Athens, Greece, is considered the most perfectly proportioned architectural structure in the world.

The ration of this architectural structure is 5:7:11, which is especially used in buildings and in determining the proportion of margins for framed pictures.

3 Aspects of Proportion

A. Proportion in the grouping of objects

B. Proportion in space divisionC. Proportion in scales

• Artists use emphasis to make certain

parts of their artwork stand out and grab your attention. The center of interest or focal point is the place the artist draws your eye to first; meant to stand out to draw attention to the area.

5. Emphasis

Methods of Emphasizing Objects

• A. By Arrangement or Grouping of Objects•An orderly grouping of things

considered as a unit.• Should be located at the center

and should the biggest and brightest in color

•B.Decoration

• An object or act intended to increase beauty of a person, room, etc.

• Something nice that you put on or in something else to make it look more attractive.

•C.Color Contrast

• the color contrast depends on how high the color saturation is. With less saturation, the tonal contrast becomes more noticeable. With more saturation, the color contrast takes over.

• D. By the use of plain background space

•E. By the use of unusual lines, shapes, sizes of colour

•F. By action or movement

Other Art Princples

1. Novelty or newness

2. Variety or Varation

3. Utlity

4. Adaptability or Function

5. Contrast

1. Novelty or Newness

• A new style of dress or dance appears more attractive and interesting than

ordinary dress design or dance. Novelty provides the best oppurtunity for developing ones creative ability.

2. Variety or Variation

• A set of furniture which is arranged in certain way and remains as it is for long periods of time appears to be

monotonous in the long run. Variation in the arrangement or style of

furniture makess the furniture more interesting and attractive.

3.Utility, Adaptability or Function

• A work of art must not only possess beauty but also utility. The object must be adaptable to the purpose for which it is made. This is especially true to all practical arts. In designing modern structures, function is now the first consideration.

4. Contrast • This synomous to opposition or

contradiction. This principle has some relationships with balance and emphasis. Two contrasting lines or colors may balance each other. The center of interest in a composition is in contrast with the subordinating parts in the same composition. Nature provides many examples of contrasting objects. Colors of flowers contrast the color of the leaves. Man is in contrast with his opposite sex.s