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BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 2
What is environment?
Q. What is environment? A. It depends!
Q. Depends on what? A. Depends on "Environment
of whom?"
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 4
Q. Who is "human"? A. Wait until the next section!
Q. Is human a living object? A. ?
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 6
Q 1. What is living object?
Q 2. What are differences
between living and non-living
objects?
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 7
A. From biological perspective:
Life = biosystems organized by
interactions between biological
components interacting with physical
environments, and become a unified
whole with capacity to maintain
homeostasis and self-perpetuation
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 8
Sign of life
1. Highly complex organization = all other characteristics of life emerge from an organism’s complex organization
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 9
2. Self-homeostasis =
Self-maintenance of a
steady-state internal
environment in the
variations of
external
environment.
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 13
4. Growth and development = the increment of volume and changes in structure and functions to suit with new form of life
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 16
5. Interactions = Life needs energy and matter utilization for maintenance of life
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 19
6. Adaptation = Life evolve as a result of the interaction between organisms and their environments
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 25
From biological perspective, these are biological spectrum
Biotic components
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 26
รู�ป biotic component
Cell
Gene Org
an
Organism
Populations
Communities
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 27
Biotic components cannot survive in isolation.
They must interact with physical
or a biotic environments.
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 28
Generalized diagram of inputs, throughputs, and outputs in a system
System Throughputs (flows)
System InputsSystem Outputs
Information
Energy
Matter
Information
Energy
Matter
Useless information
Waste heat
Waste matter
Useless information
Waste heat
Waste matter
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 29
Interaction between each biotic
level with physical environment
through energy, matter, and
information produces
characteristic functional system.
"Biosystem" or "life"
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 30
Organizational hierarchy in nature
can be seen from "universe"
down to "subatomic particles".
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 33
Q. How can life be seen in nature?
A. A hierarchy of
organization of matter.
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 36
Q. What is the determinant of life?
A. Environment by
evolutionary processes.
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 40
Transparency 78
Fig 6-5 summary of the evolution of the earth and its life.
Chemical evolution
1 billion years
Biological evolution3.7 billion
years
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 42
Q. What is the difference of
“interaction between man and e
nvironment” and “interaction
between other organisms and e
nvironment”?
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 44
A. Organisms adapt themselves
to the environments.
While
“Human modify environments to
suit themselves ”.
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 46
1. Natural environment: 4 spheres
1.1 Biosphere = Space occupied by life
1.2 Atmosphere = Space occupied by air
1.3 Lithosphere = Space occupied by solid
1.4 Hydrosphere = Space occupied by
water
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 49
2. Man-made environment
2.1 Anthropogenic ecosystems
2.2 Physical structures
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