Presentation By:OfERR (Ceylon)

Sri Lanka

1.Country Description

Size–65,610 km

•435 km -maximum length

•240 km –maximum width

•Population–About 20 millions

–Density

•344 persons/km2

•Economics & industrial development characteristic(2006)

–% contribution to the GDP

•Agriculture →12.3 %

•Industry →28.2 %

•Services →59.5 %

SRI LANKA

Climate

•Tropical monsoonal

–Rainfall •800 mm to over 5,000 mm

–Temperature

•on average 27 0C at lowlands•reduction of temperature at 5 –6 0C/ km

–mountainous regions

»average →15 0C

•3 climatic zones–Dry zone, Intermediate zone & Wet zone

1.1. Climatic zones of Sri Lanka

Average temperatureDry zone →28 0CIntermediate zone →24 -26 0CWet zone →24 0C

Average RainfallDry zone →< 1,750 mmIntermediate zone →1,750-2,500 mmWet zone →> 2,500 mm

1.2.Climate changes in Sri Lanka

•Slow & continuous rise of ambient temperature•Increased frequency of extreme weather events

–High variability of rainfall•More Floods•More Droughts

–Tornado-type winds, lightening, Cyclones–Etc.

Country: Sri Lanka

Province: Eastern

District: Trincomalee

Division: Muthur

G.N.Division: Pallikudirruppu

Village: Sinnakulam

Sri Lanka- Trincomalee District

Muthur

2. District profile

Muthur Division

2.1.Background Information of the village •Before 1950 the few number of community cleared the jungles and

built small houses and lived.

•Due to heavy flood in Pallikudirruppu village ,the people movedfrom Pallikudirupu to Sinnakulam.

•There was a “small pond” along with this village .So they named forthis village as “Sinnakulam.

•The main livelihood activity of the community was Chena cultivation.

Mr.K. Sivarasa was one of the oldest man in Sinnakulam Village .

He said that their main livelihood activity isAgricultural activities

1. Paddy cultivation2.Chena cultivation.

They get the water from the “ GANGAI” river.

In addition they have rain 2 times per month. Continuously they involved in the Agricultural activities.

He mentioned that they never used the Pesticide for the crops. Because Due monthly raining all the insects washed by the rain.

1. Due to population increases, the community people started to clear more and more jungles for

their habitant and agricultural cultivation.

2. Due to lack of raining and heat , increased insects affection on the crops . So they started

use the chemical for the crops .

3.Due to heavy flood in 2004 (before the tsunami) dinking water wells have been changed as

salinity water . so no.of common wells were abounded .

August - December - Rain

January - March Snow

March - July Hot Sun and Wind

Annual Whether Pattern

2.2 .Geographical Information

Common Disasters

September –December - Flood

March – May Drought

May- December Cyclones

This village was surrounded by pond, agricultural land and small rocks

Increased Risks forecast with Climate change

3. The causes, consequence and solution for Disaster Risk and Climate changes at Sinnakulam village.

Deforestation Increased population/ Relocation of refugees Soil erosion &

soil warming

Increased Atmosphere Temperature

Decreased the water points levels

Reduced the Agricultural

Activities

Increased the Green house effects

3.1.The consequence in a nutshell

Cultivable lands becoming

barren, resulting in drought.

Increased in atmospheric temperature

Will lead decrease

water level

Steep reduction in agricultural yield

due to Soil Warming .

Result in coastal areas going beneath water

Civil Wars between residents

and migrating environmental

refugees

Land and water

becoming saline.

Due to conflict the entire village people displaced and resettled in year 2008 to their original village

We conducted the Participatory Vulnerability Capacity Assessment(PVCA) and identified the following

1. Type of vulnerability2. Type of disaster3. Basic needs( Shelters & water problem )

4.1.Identified main problems are

1.Increasing flood level during the rainy season

2. Water problem for drinking and domestic purpose

4 .Addressed to current forecast threats

Abandon Common well

The sinnakulam people are more vulnerability.

The land is not suitable to construct more drinkingwater wells and they have no regular income to findalternative way to get the water.

4.2. Identified Vulnerability at Sinnakulam village

The women and children

are waiting for water

bowser to get the water

Children are at highest health risk from inadequate water supplies during drought , and also predicted changes in vector-borne diseases

People are living in

Temporary shelter

Flood during the

rainy season

Badly damaged Infrastructure

•There are 105 families with the population of 389HH in the GN division.

• After the displacement they resettled in their village. How ever nearly

40 families relocated lower land area earlier paddy fields) due to high

security zone.

After the resettlement the community faced the difficulties for drinking water

1. Most of the wells were in high security zones.2. The existing wells have no water during dry seasons.

Climate change also will increase the time taken to collect water in rural areas, a task mainly done by women and girls, due to travelling greater distances to find water.

water collection is an issue as women and girls may spend hours queuing.

5. Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate change

DRR is the development and application ofpolicies and practices that minimize the risk toVulnerabilities and disasters.

Climate Change adaptation is an adjustment innatural or human system , which occurs in response to actual or expected climate changes or effects.

5.1. Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation

• OfERR constructed co- houses for 40 vulnerable families

•The Sinnakulam CBDRM group suggested us Internal road and drainage channel along with road during the meeting.

•The CBDRM members and community constructed the internal roadand Drainage in 2008-2009 project period. This drainage is ending at Sinnakulam .

The people protected from the December flood.

The drainage water is ending at Sinnakulam tank. so it is indirectly

adopting for climate change.

Increasing of water level and moisture of land

So Now!

5.2. Integrating Disaster Risk Mitigation and Climate change adaptation.

5.3.Climate change adaptation and Sri Lanka Policy

The renewable resource are important in reducing air pollution , mitigation of adverse Climate effect and from provision of clear energy

Promoting Indigenous Resources

The use of economically viable, environment friendly, non-conventional renewable energy resources will be promoted by providing a level playing field for developers of non-conventional energy resources to compete and supply energy at the best price through transparent procurement processes in Sri Lanka.

Energy security has become an important factor in achieving the objectives articulated in the economic policy framework. Supply of reliable, affordable and clean energy during the medium term for industries, individuals and other sectors are extremely important in this regard.

Sri Lanka current Economic Development Policy frame work incorporated with Millennium Development Goal (MDG).

The renewable resources are also important in reducing air pollution, mitigating adverse climate effects and the provision of clean energy.

The improvement in efficiency in energy resource is also useful to ease the problem. Several measures such as reducing system losses, use of low energy consuming equipment, saving energy through changing behaviours, etc. have been introduced and used at present.

Theoretical potential of renewable energy sources in Sri Lanka.

Biomass Hydro power Solar power Wind Power

6.1.Key Objective

To protect the environment through user environment-friendly technologies

for energy adaptation and climate change

6.2. Outputs

•105 village beneficiaries getting water regularly and they saved the time .

The CBDRM members formed a user committee to maintain the wind mill

Conducted the windmill technology and operational awareness workshop for

them.

6.3.Outcomes

-Reduced the fuel to generate the water pumps

-Increased household water supply.

-Reduced water born disease at village level.

-Reduced the environmental pollution by fuel smoke.

-Improved small scale home garden.

-Increased house hold food security

6.4. Harness the wind to create the clean energy

Well, Power room & wind mill

Wind turbinePower generator

Water Tank

Wind energy for water supply

Women easily access the waterfrom from the main pipe line

The women is maintaining a small home garden And watering from pipeline

The women established the pipe line from main line and collect the water her baby

Women taking bath from her house

6.5.The Benefits of a Combined Approach to Climate Change Adaptation, DRR and Social Protection

6.6. Positive Community Impacts after the project Implementation.

• CBDRM team and disaster mitigation processes were

developed and are now starting to be self-sufficient at the grassroots level.

• CBDRM teams have been recognized by Divisional offices as viable partners in disaster response at village level

•Communities demonstrated their ability to respond appropriately during disasters later on.

Ex: Sinnakulam Shelter beneficiaries constructed the drainage

7. Lessons and Challenges

• Climate change may contribute to making targeting more complex

due to an increase in seasonal migration or permanent migration,making locating beneficiaries more difficult.

•Climate change impacts will also affect both the poor and non-poor, and may contribute to pushing the non-poor into poverty.

•Integrate adaptation with development planning to advance both adaptation and development goals

•Need to increase awareness of and knowledge on adaptation, as insufficient information is often a constraint to taking action.

•Rehabilitate and protect natural resources from damage fromclimate change