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Role of traditional paddy in adapting Climate Change impacts Varuna Rathnabharathie

Sri lanka - Paddy field adaptation - practical action

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Page 1: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Role of traditional paddy in adapting Climate Change impacts

Varuna Rathnabharathie

Page 2: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Contents• Paddy cultivation affects to CC

• CC affects to Paddy cultivation

• CC adaptation measures with case studies

• What we can do?

Page 3: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Paddy cultivation affects to CC?

• 10-15 years ago paddy cultivation was negatively affect to CC

• Due to flooding of fields• CH4 emissions (GG) • Machinery use, inorganic fertilizer production, GG emitting chemical usage, etc.

• With the world food crisis –encouraging paddy and all crops from food security aspects

Page 4: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Perception of CC by farmers

• Changing the rhythm of nature eg. Rain indicators, cloud patterns, birds

• Failures of farming – low yield, washing away the seed paddy, rains at the harvesting time, half filled grains

Page 5: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

CC affects & impacts on Paddy cultivation

• Increased atmospheric CO2 (more than 0.03%) concentrations –Grain yield up to 27%

• Increased air temperature on spikelet stage– > 31oC (1-2 oC)

- of yield

- of cross pollination, Weedy rice

- seed paddy quality

Page 6: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

CC impacts and best practices for

adaptation

Page 7: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Rainfall and paddy

• Correct water management practices

• Proper agronomic practices eg. Kekulama, Nawa kekulama, SRI

Varieties suits to water stress conditions

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Best practice 1

-“Hata da vee” paddy put in to shallow drains

-Covered by soil

-3 months dry spell

-Plants could withstand without growing or dying

-Kind of dormancy?

Ampara, Uhana, Panagolla yaya – 2009 August

Page 9: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

-Dry period of 2 months

-Coastal salinity

-Saline came on the earth surface

-“Pokkali” could withstand dry and saline conditions

Hambanthota, Bundala, Oorani yaya - 2008

Variety & water holding capacity of soil

Page 10: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Soil SalinityRain fall

EvaporationInland

Salinity

Sea level Coastal Salinity

Salinity tolerant varieties and management practices

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Best practice 2

Hambanthota, Bundala - 2008

-Coastal salinity

-Pokkali, Kalu heenati and Madathawalu performed well

-Average 70 Bushels/ acre

Page 12: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Management practices

• Mulching (covering the soil)

• Organic manure

• Water management (wash away)

• Minimum soil preparation

• Manual weeding/ competitive paddy verities/mulching

Best practice 3

Page 13: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Potential of Low country wet zone

High air temperature Low water scarcity

Maximum effort to get the full potential yield

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“Maththamagoda method” – raised beds use to avoid saline and iron toxic conditions in poor drainage low country wet zone

Best practice 4

Page 15: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Organic fertilizer

Best practice 5

Page 16: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Potential of Low country wet zone cont..

Erratic rain fall Increasing sea levels

Submerged Conditions

Flood resistant paddy varieties

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Ma ha ma vee grows up to 12-15 feet with the rising of flood level

Best practice 6

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Ma vee seeds Ma vee stem cuttings

- Ma vee rice

- Same yield from both 50 bushels/acre

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Ma ha ma vee stem cuttings can plant instead of paddy seeds even under flood situations or un expected floods

Best practice 7

Page 20: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Pest control by natural enemies – Needs to maintain the whole system eco friendly

New bio types resistant to pesticides and weedicides

•Resistant paddy varieties and eco friendly Natural systems

Best practice 8

Page 21: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Seasonal shifting

• Long and short term varieties

70 days old “hata da vee” variety

6 months old Ma ma vee

Best practice 9

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Different types of planting materials

Normal age of the maha ma vee by seeds – 6 months

If use stem cuttings - 3 ½ to 4 months

Best practice 10

Page 23: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Simple Water management techniques

Best practice 11

Page 24: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Best practice 12

Page 25: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Best practice 13

Page 26: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Climate change impacts

Dealing with

impactsMinimize

risk

factors

Build

Respond

capacity

Fundamental

risks

Page 27: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

1. Fundamental Risks

Factors that weaken farmers/rural communities to cope with climate variation/change, e.g.

poverty

Land tenure security

Labour availability

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2. Building Response Capacity

Factors that enable farmers and their communities to cope with climate variation/change, e.g.

Various seeds suitable for different conditions

Water resource management and plan

Food security

Not dependence on external inputs

Knowledge on appropriate technology

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3. Minimize Risk Factors

Enables farmers and their communities to effectively manage the climate variation-change

Monitoring and warning system of negative weather conditions (e.g. Drought, flash flood, land slide)

Readiness to deal with weather impacts

Climate communication

Page 30: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

What Level of Adaptation

Adaptation at family level

Adaptation of community

Location level

Page 31: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Intervention Raising “correct” awareness through simple Singhala/Tamil language to the correct groups

Develop adaptation pilot projects to ground for the learning & research

Focus on agriculture & rural areas Context of rising fuel costs Setting up technical support unit Need to develop tools and methodology for working with small-scale producers

Building regional networks

Page 32: Sri lanka -  Paddy field adaptation - practical action

Thank You !