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YSI and Saintaire team up to explain measuring nitrification and denitrification rates with the YSI IQ SensorNet in an ICEAS wastewater process.
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Measuring Nitrification & DenitrificationMeasuring Nitrification & DenitrificationRates with YSI's IQ SensorNet in an
Intermittent Cycle ExtendedIntermittent Cycle Extended Aeration System
Visit us at WEFTEC, booth 6239
September 2012
Presentation Overview
• Introduction
• ICEAS Technology• ICEAS Technology
• YSI IQ SensorNet
• Nitrification & DenitrificationNitrification & Denitrification
• Rate Calculations
• Design and Process Controlg
Introduction
• Cedar Grove, WI Approximately 40 miles north of Milwaukee.
• Activated sludge process ICEAS.
• On-line instruments for nitrification & denitrificationrates.
• Optimize process operations d d i i h dand design with deeper
understanding of nitrification & denitrification capacity.
•3
Cedar Grove, WI – Commissioned 2006
DigesterFilters
ICEASL bReactors Lab
Sludge Storage
DischargeDischarge
Cedar Grove, WI – Commissioned 2006Influent Condit ions ValuesInfluent Condit ions ValuesAverage Dry Weather Flow 0.4 mgd (1,515 m3/day) Peak Wet Weather Flow 1.4 mgd (5,304 m3/day) BOD5 167 mg/l TSS 297 mg/lTSS 297 mg/lNH3-N 23 mg/l P 9 mg/l Effluent RequirementsEffluent RequirementsBOD5 10 mg/l TSS 10 mg/l NH3-N 1 mg/l P 1 mg/lP 1 mg/l ICEAS® Process Design Criteria F:M 0.04 1/day Normal Cycle Time 4 8 hrNormal Cycle Time 4.8 hrNumber of Basins 2 Basin Length 78.83 ft . (24 m) Basin Width 25.0 ft . (7.6 m) Top Water Level 16 0 ft (4 9 m)Top Water Level 16.0 ft . (4.9 m)Bottom Water Level 12.0 ft . (3.7 m)
ICEAS Technology
ICEAS - Intermittent Cycle Extended Aeration SystemAeration System
Pre-React Zone• Usually 12-15% of Basin Volume
Main React Zone• Aerationy
• Acts as Biological Selector• Discourages Filamentous Growth• Allows for Continuous Flow
C ti S l f C b
• Mixers• Decanter• WAS Pump
• Continuous Supply of Carbon
ICEAS Operating Cycle
Continuous Flow of
Screened andScreened and DegrittedInfluent
1. React 2. Settle
3. Decant Treated Effluent
Waste SludgeWaste Sludge
ICEAS Operating Cycle
Normal Cycle Operational Sequence (4.8 Hours) 240 48 72 28822816814412096
Basin #1DECANT(60 min)
228 9624 48 120 144
SETTLE(60 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
72168 288/0144
AIR OFF(24 min Mix)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
**AIR OFF(24 min Mix)
Storm Cycle Operational Sequence (3.6 Hours)Basin #2SETTLE(60 min)
DECANT(60 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
AIR OFF(24 min Mix)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
**AIR OFF(24 min Mix)
18 36 540 126 162 2169072 108
Storm Cycle Operational Sequence (3.6 Hours)
Basin #1
18 36 540
SETTLE(45 min)
126 162
AIR OFF(18 min
Mix)
AIR ON(0-18 min)
AIR ON(0-18 min)
AIR ON(0-18 min)
AIR ON(0-18 min)
AIR OFF(18 min
Mix)
AIR ON(0-18 min)
21690
DECANT(45 min)
72 108
Basin #2DECANT(45 min)
36
AIR ON(0-18 min)
54
SETTLE(45 min)
126 162108 216/ 0 108
AIR ON(0-18 min)
7218
AIR OFF(18 min
Mix)
AIR ON(0-18 min)
90
AIR OFF(18 min
Mix)
AIR ON(0-18 min)
AIR ON(0-18 min)
ICEAS Basin Cross Section
Draw Down• Difference Between
Buffer Zone• Typically 3 ft
Sludge Blanket• Function of F:M
R tiTop and Bottom Water Level
• Limited to 1/3 of
• Acts as Safety Factor
• Occupied by Sludge Blanket if
Ratio• Function of
Influent Loading• Target SVI = 150
TWL or Max 6 ft
• Function of Peak Flow and Cycle
Sludge Blanket if SVI > 150
Target SVI 150
Times
Drawdown
Sludge Blanket
Buffer Zone
Probes: Midpoint of Main React Basin
YSI Instrumentation
What is inside the black box?See what’s behind the black box with on lineSee what s behind the black box with on-line
monitoring instrumentation.
4 Basic Components
Terminal / Terminal / ModulesModules CablesCables SensorsSensorsControllerController
4 Basic Components
•2020 XT Controller Systemy• Sensor network• 1 - 20 parameters
Modules Power supply Wide range of power supplies:100 – 240VAC100 240VAC24VAC 24VDC
Analog outputs mA outputsR lRelays
Communication Interfaces
MODBUSRS232 communication to PC via sw (2020 only)only)Ethernet (2020 only)Includes barometric pressure compensation for DO for 2020
Magnetic valve Valve module for automatically controlledMagnetic valve Valve module for automatically controlled air cleaning
Blue Tooth communication
Wireless communication for the IQ SensorNet system. Max. 100 meterscommunication
Inputs Accepts signal inputs from third party analog devices
Cables
Sensor connection cable
Module connection cable
Cables
•One design fits all•One design fits all…• One type of connection cable for all sensors• One type of module connection cable
IQ Networking
•Distributed mounting•Stack mounting – max. 3 modules
•Contact Plate: •Power, communication
• Smart installation…• Stack mounting – no cables
Typical Instrument Installations
DIQ/S 182 XT472001
DIQ/S 182 XT472001
DIQ/S 182 XT472001
DIQ/S 182 XT472001
FDO 700 IQ201650
ViSolid700IQ600012 FDO 700 IQ
201650ViSolid700IQ
600012FDO 700 IQ
201650ViSolid700IQ
600012FDO 700 IQ
201650ViSolid700IQ
600012
power power power
ControlPanel
power
Basin 1 Basin 2 Basin 3 Basin 4
IQ SensorNet Solution
SpectrometricIQ Sensors
• Nitrate
• COD, BOD…
•Conductivity Optical &y Optical & electrochemical•D.O.
•pH / ORP Optical
ISE
• Ammonium
•TSS•Turbidity
• Nitrate
NEW!! IFL – Interface level sensor
Ultrasonic measurement of sludge level• Factory calibrated
S t i i d• Set immersion and tank depth
• Accuracy: +/- 0 3 ftAccuracy: / 0.3 ft
FDO Optical DO Sensor
• Soft green light• 2 year warranty •Approved for
Compliance y y• Highly accurate• No regular sensor
Compliance Monitoring!!
maintenance required
Intelligent Sensor Cap• Factory calibrated• Cal data stored on
himemory chip• Automatic data transfer
N lib ti i d!• No calibration required!
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
• Optical measurement• Factory calibrated for 2 types
f l dof sludge:• Activated sludge 3 - 7 g/L (scattered light)• Primary sludge 30 - 60 g/L (backscatter)OR
ViSolid® 700 IQ• Correction factor: 0.5 to 2.0 –if needed, depending on application• Optional calibration: 1 to 8 pt.
UltraCleanTM – Ultrasonic Cleaning
without cleaning system with cleaning system
A clean sensor ensures accurate measurements!A clean sensor ensures accurate measurements! Maintenance-free sensor lowers operational costs.
UltraCleanTM – Ultra Sonic Cleaning
• Continuous cleaning system without ymechanically moving parts
• Very smooth sensor surface (Sapphire)
• No smearing or scratching effecteffect
• No regular service, no wear and tear, no replacement parts neededparts needed
VARiON® Plus 700 IQ, AmmoLyt ® Plus 700 IQ, NitraLyt® Plus 700 IQ ISE MeasurementNitraLyt Plus 700 IQ – ISE Measurement
•Measurement principle:•Measurement principle:• Measuring, reference and compensation electrode.
Nit t i Chl idNitraLyt®Plus
• Nitrate requires Chloride compensation for highest accuracy.
A i i
l
• Ammonium requires Potassium compensation for highest accuracy
VARiON®PlusAmmoLyt®Plus
Electrode Replacement
• Individual electrode replacement lowers lifetime pcosts• Electrodes warranted for 12 months
Nitrification & Denitrification
Ammonification / Nitrification• Organic-nitrogen ammonia-nitrogen
• Ammonia-nitrogen nitrate-nitrogen
A bi diti• Aerobic conditions
• Temperature, SRT, pH, DO, and alkalinity
• Autotrophic bacteria (CO2)Autotrophic bacteria (CO2)
AmmonificationOrg-N AmmonificationOrg-N
TKN
Org-N → NH4-N
Nitrification NO3-N
TKN
Org-N → NH4-N
Nitrification NO3-NNH4-N NH4-N →NO2-N→NO3-NNH4-N NH4-N →NO2-N→NO3-N
Cell Growth
Cell Growth
Denitrification• Nitrate-nitrogen nitrogen gas
• Bacteria use chemically bound O2 in lieu of dissolved oxygenoxygen
• Anoxic environment
• Heterotrophic bacteria (organic matter)
• Temperature dependent
• Rate impacted by carbon sourceNitrogen
GasNitrogen
Gas
TKN
Ammonification
Org-N → NH4-NOrg-N
TKN
Ammonification
Org-N → NH4-NOrg-N
DenitrificationDenitrification
NH4-NNitrification
NH4-N →NO2-N→NO3-NNO3-N
NH4-NNitrification
NH4-N →NO2-N→NO3-NNO3-N
NO3-N →N2NO3-N →N2
Cell Growth
Cell Growth
Cell Growth
Cell Growth
Rate Calculations
Data for Calculating Rates
Defining nitrification or denitrification rates:
• Time duration of aerobic or anoxic conditions• Time duration of aerobic or anoxic conditions
• Change in Nitrate concentration (NO3)
• Mass of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS)Mass of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS)
• Reactor temperature
Also consider:
• Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP)
Di l d O (DO)• Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Cedar Grove
8M AIR S D
REACT
6
7NitrificationAIR OFF
5
6
3
4
mg/
l
2
0
1
8:006:004:002:000:0022:0020:0018:0016:0014:0012:0010:008:00
TimeDO NH4 NO3
Nitrificationy
MLSS 1,045 mg/LMLVSS 732 mg/L
PRZ
MLVSS for PRZ
SS 3 g/water level 13.2 ft
volume 24,684 galMLVSS 151 lbMRZMLSS 2,090 mg/L
MLVSS 1,463 mg/Lwater level 13.2 ft
volume 165,383 galMLVSS 2 019 lbMLVSS for MRZ MLVSS 2,019 lb
temperature 14.4 °Cwater level 14.50 ftinitial NO3-N 1.28 mg/L
NitrateMLVSS for MRZ
∆NO3 = NH3-N nitrified
final NO3-N 6.62 mg/L∆ NO3-N 5.34 mg/L
initial time 8:28 AMfinal time 10:57 AM
ti ti
Nitrification rates @T °C and @20 °C
aeration time 2.48 hoursNH3-N nitrified 9.69 lb
KnT 0.00180 lb NH3-N/lb MLVSS-hr @ T°C
θ 1 080 unitless
Nitrification Rate
θ 1.080 unitlessKn20 0.00277 lb NH3-N/lb MLVSS-hr @ 20°C
Cedar Grove
8M AIR S D
REACT
6
7
NitrificationAIR OFF
Denitrification
5
6
3
4
mg/
l
1
2
0
1
8:006:004:002:000:0022:0020:0018:0016:0014:0012:0010:008:00
TimeDO NH4 NO3
DenitrificationCycle Morning SettlePRZ
MLVSS for PRZ
MLSS 1,246 mg/LMLVSS 1,165 mg/Lwater level 12.91 ftvolume 24,142 galMLVSS 235 lb
PRZ
MLVSS for MRZ
MLSS 1,806 mg/LMLVSS 1,589 mg/Lwater level 12.91 ftvolume 161,749 gal
MRZ
MLVSS for MRZ MLVSS 2,145 lb
temperature 17.7 °Cinitial water level 13.82 ftfinal water level 14.16 ft
Nitrate
-∆NO3 = NO3 Denitrified
initial NO3-N 9.14 mg/Lfinal NO3-N 6.90 mg/L∆ NO3-N -2.24 mg/Linitial time 12:05 PMfinal time 12:49 PM∆NO3 NO3 Denitrified
Denitrification rates @T °C and @20 °C
final time 12:49 PManoxic time 0.73 hoursNO3-N denitrified 3.44 lb
KdnT 0.00197 lb NO3-N/lb MLVSS-hr @ T°C θ 1 080 unitless
Denitrification Rate
@ @ θ 1.080 unitlessKdn20 0.00235 lb NO3-N/lb MLVSS-hr @ 20°C
Cedar Grove
10 3000
8
9
2500REACT
NITE
DENITE
5
6
7
DO
(m
g/l)
1500
2000
3
4
5
NH
4, N
O3,
1000
1500
DENITE
1
2500
09/30/2011
0:009/30/2011
2:249/30/2011
4:489/30/2011
7:129/30/2011
9:369/30/2011
12:009/30/2011
14:249/30/2011
16:489/30/2011
19:129/30/2011
21:3610/1/2011
0:00
Time
0
SETTLE &NH4-N NO3-N DO MLSS
SETTLE & DECANT
ICEAS Operating CycleNormal Cycle Operational Sequence (4.8 Hours)
240 48 72 28822816814412096
Basin #1DECANT(60 min)
228 9624 48 120 144
SETTLE(60 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
72168 288/0144
AIR OFF(24 min Mix)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
**AIR OFF(24 min Mix)
Storm Cycle Operational Sequence (3 6 Hours)
Basin #2SETTLE(60 min)
DECANT(60 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
AIR OFF(24 min Mix)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
AIR ON(0-24 min)
**AIR OFF(24 min Mix)
Storm Cycle Operational Sequence (3.6 Hours)
Basin #1
18 36 540
SETTLE(45 min)
126 162
AIR OFF(18 min
Mix)
AIR ON(0-18 min)
AIR ON(0-18 min)
AIR ON(0-18 min)
AIR ON(0-18 min)
AIR OFF(18 min
Mix)
AIR ON(0-18 min)
21690
DECANT(45 min)
72 108
Basin #2DECANT(45 min)
36
AIR ON(0-18 min)
54
SETTLE(45 min)
126 162108 216/ 0 108
AIR ON(0-18 min)
7218
AIR OFF(18 min
Mix)
AIR ON(0-18 min)
90
AIR OFF(18 min
Mix)
AIR ON(0-18 min)
AIR ON(0-18 min)( ) min)( ) min) Mix)min) Mix) min)min)
Cycle CycleFirst Period Mix Fifth Period MixDenitrification – First Period Vs. Fifth Period
MLSS 1,161 mg/L MLSS 1,161 mg/LMLVSS 1,085 mg/L MLVSS 1,085 mg/Lwater level 13.07 ft water level 13.07 ftvolume 24,434 gal volume 24,434 galMLVSS 221 lb MLVSS 221 lb
PRZ PRZ
MLSS 1,682 mg/L MLSS 1,682 mg/LMLVSS 1,480 mg/L MLVSS 1,480 mg/Lwater level 13.07 ft water level 13.07 ftvolume 163,708 gal volume 163,708 galMLVSS 2 022 lb MLVSS 2 022 lb
MRZ MRZ
MLVSS 2,022 lb MLVSS 2,022 lb
temperature 18.5 °C temperature 18.5 °Cinitial water level 12.14 ft initial water level 13.10 ftfinal water level 12.31 ft final water level 13.39 ftinitial NO3-N 4.28 mg/L initial NO3-N 8.05 mg/L
NitrateNitrate
3 4.28 mg/L 3 8.05 mg/Lfinal NO3-N 3.69 mg/L final NO3-N 6.56 mg/L? NO3-N -0.59341 mg/L ? NO3-N -1.48761 mg/Linitial time 7:59 AM initial time 9:24 AMfinal time 8:12 AM final time 9:48 AMaeration time 0 22 hours aeration time 0 40 hoursanoxic time anoxic timeaeration time 0.22 hours aeration time 0.40 hoursNO3-N denitrified 0.79 lb NO3-N denitrified 2.12 lb
KdnT 0.00162 lb NO3-N/lb MLVSS-hr @ T°C KdnT 0.00236 lb NO3-N/lb MLVSS-hr @ T°C θ 1.080 unitless θ 1.080 unitlessKdn20 0.00182 lb NO3-N/lb MLVSS-hr @ 20°C Kdn20 0.00265 lb NO3-N/lb MLVSS-hr @ 20°C
Denitrification Rate Denitrification Rate
anoxic time
@ @
Design and Process Control
How Do We Use this Data?
Design Stage:• Compare measured rates at different facilities, perhaps toCompare measured rates at different facilities, perhaps to
identify the impact of influent BOD/TKN ratios• Determine cycle structure (4, 5, 6 cycles/day)
C l l i & bi i i hi l• Calculate anoxic & aerobic time within cycle• Reconcile nitrifier specific growth rate (μmax) with
nitrification rate for SRT calculation• Better understand denitrification capacity during settle
How Do We Use this Data?
Operations:• Provides a “health check” of system – decreased ratesProvides a health check of system decreased rates
could confirm inhibition• Predicts actual MLVSS required for nitrification &
denitrificationdenitrification• Identifies real-time nitrification and denitrification capacity • Compare actual SRT with design SRTp g• Determine aerobic (air-on) and anoxic time (air-off) to
meet total N requirementO li ffl t i d it t di h• Online effluent ammonia and nitrate readings when system is in settle/decant phase
Questions…
Thank you for your attention!
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