Wireless Sensor Networks

zaahir salam

Contents

– Basic Introduction to Communication Network

– Basic Network Topologies

– WSN Concept

– A Commercial Sensor Node

– Sensor Network

– Comparision Between a PC and Sensor Mote

– Working of a Sensor Node

– Some Real Time Applications

– References

Communication Network

• A communication network is composed of

nodes, each of which has

computing power

transmit and receive messages over

communication links, wireless or cabled.

Basic Network TopologiesStar Topology Ring Topology

Bus Topology Tree Topology

Fully Connected Networks Mesh Networks

Mesh nets can be good models for large-scale

networks of wireless sensors that are

distributed over a geographic region.

Each node consists of

Wireless Sensor Networks are networks that consists of

sensors which are distributed in an ad hoc manner.

These sensors work with each other to sense some physical

phenomenon and then the information gathered is processed to

get relevant results.

WSN

Basic Structure

A single network may consist of several

interconnected subnets of different

topologies.

A WSN is a wireless network consisting of

spatially distributed autonomous devices

using sensors to cooperatively monitor

physical or environmental conditions, such

as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure,

motion or pollutants, at different locations.

Sensor Node

Sensor NetworkInterface

electronics,

radio and

microcontrollerSoil

moisture

probe

Mote

Antenna

Gateway

Server

Internet

Communications

barrier

Sensor

field

The flowing of data ends at special nodes

called base stations (sometimes referred to

as sinks).

A base station links the sensor network to

another network (like a gateway) to

disseminate the data sensed for further

processing.

Base stations have enhanced capabilities

over simple sensor nodes since they must do

complex data processing.

Base stations have

• workstation/laptop class processors,

• enough memory,

• energy, storage

• computational power

Computer Revolution

0.5 oz, 2.25 x 1.25 x 0.25 inch

25 lb, 19.5 x 5.5 x 16 inch

~14 mW~ 64 W

~ $35~ $6K (today)

512 KB Flash160 KB Floppies

128 KB RAM16-256 KB RAM

4 MHz4.77 MHz

MICAZ Mote (2005)Original IBM PC (1981)

Sensor Network

Gateway

Server

Internet

Sensor

field

Watershed

Applications of WSN

Military

Military uses sensor networks for battlefield surveillance; sensors could

monitor vehicular traffic, track the position of the enemy.

.

Smart Home / Smart Office

Sensors controlling

appliances and electrical

devices in the house.

Better lighting and heating in

office buildings.

The Pentagon building has

used sensors extensively

Traffic Management & Monitoring

Future cars could use wireless sensors to:

Handle Accidents

Handle Thefts

Sensors embedded in the roads to:

–Monitor traffic flows

–Provide real-time route updates

Biomedical / Medical

• Health Monitors

– Glucose

– Heart rate

– Cancer detection

• Chronic Diseases

– Artificial retina

– Cochlear implants

• Hospital Sensors

– Monitor vital signs

– Record anomalies

Industrial & Commercial

Numerous industrial and

Commercial applications:-Agricultural Crop Conditions

-Inventory Tracking

-In-Process Parts Tracking

-Automated Problem Reporting

-RFID – Theft Deterrent and

Customer Tracing

-Plant Equipment Maintenance

Monitoring

Referenceswww.cse.fau.edu/~jie/teaching/fall_2004_files/sensorslides1.ppt

http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/cs/aggarwal/cs60520/SeminarMate

rial/WSN-future.ppt

http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~nbulusu/talks/grace-hopper.ppt

http://galaxy.cs.lamar.edu/~bsun/wsn/wsn.html

www.dsc.ufcg.edu.br/~maspohn/katia/introduction.ppt

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/mote1.htm

http://www.polastre.com/papers/polastre-thesis-final.pdf

THANK YOU