Wireless Distributed Sensor Networks Verhaert

12.10.2007

Wireless distributed sensor networksWireless distributed sensor networks

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© MASTERS IN INNOVATION ®

CONFIDENTIAL

WIRELESS DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS

Koenraad Rombaut

[email protected]

www.verhaert.com

VERHAERTINNOVATIONDAY – OCTOBER 12th, 2007

www.mastersininnovation.com

Commercially confidence – This presentation contains ideas and information which are proprietary of VERHAERT, Masters in Innovation®*, it is given in confidence. You are authorized to open and view the electronic copy of this document and to print a single copy. Otherwise, the material may not in whole or in part be copied, stored electronically or communicated to third parties without prior agreement of VERHAERT, Masters in Innovation®*.

* VERHAERT, Masters in Innovation is a registered trade name of Verhaert Consultancies N.V.

12.10.2007


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Distributed Sensor Networks, enabling Technology in Development

Distributed sensors networks have become a highly active research area because of their potential of providing diverse services to a broad range of applications, not only on science and engineering, but equally importantly on issues related to critical infrastructure protection and security, health care, the environment, energy, food safety, and the potential impact on the quality of all areas of life. VERHAERT will demonstrate a phased approach towards a distributed sensor set-up for local body area networks and their potential in security applications. Furthermore, other potential applications will be discussed while the current status of technology is being outlined.

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Content

• Introduction• Swans: a Verhaert inertial sensor network• The applications• Architecture and building blocks• How to select or define a wireless sensor network • Low power as a critical design driver• Conclusion

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What’s in a name ?

• Wireless =– wireless data transmission– autonomous: on board power source (e.g. battery)– often: on board intelligence

• Sensor =– sensing physical parameters, e.g. temperature

• Network =– added value of multiple nodes, due to cooperation,

e.g. Swans skeleton, inter vehicle communication

• e.g. Swans: a body area network (BAN) of wireless inertial sensors for motion capturing

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Market trends for wireless sensor networks

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European research on wireless sensor networks Wireless sensor networks = a very active research area

– Swans: Silicon platforms for Wireless Advanced Networks of Sensors

– Stella: stretchable electronics– E-Cubes: stacking technology– Witness: security wireless sensor network– MyHeart: medical smart wireless sensors– Mimosa: Microsystems platform for MObile

Services and Applications– Vibes: vibration energy scavenging– Eyes: self organizing networks

Applications need mature technology

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Swans: a European cooperation

• SWANS = Silicon platforms for Wireless Advanced Networks of Sensors

• a Medea+ European project• Partners:

– silicon design companies (Atmel, STM, NXP, Ansem)– research institutes (IMEC, CEA-Leti)– application oriented companies (Verhaert, LMS, EADS, France Telecom)

• Verhaert’s role & interest: development of a wireless body area network for motion tracking sensors for health and fitness applications

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The Verhaert inertial sensor body area network

• Inertial sensor (iTrack) per limb, capturing 3D orientation

• Wireless data linkfrom limb to personal hub

• Virtual skeleton reconstructionin personal hub

• Wireless communication of skeleton motionfrom BAN hubto base station

IMU sensor platform personal

hub

base station

communication sensor-hub

communication hub - station

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Wireless technology for RT motion capturingMotion capture suit on

real world body

Virtual model with texture andrepresentation

of sensors

Virtual modelwith skin surface

Swans

Skeleton & wireframe

representationof virtual model

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A sensor network for pedestrian navigation

• Motion capturing• Step detection• Step distance & direction

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From a good sensor node to a sensor networkSingle sensor

dev. kit (COTS)Full body

wired

+

Sensor networkdemonstrator

Single sensor node (custom)

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Other Verhaert sensor network applications• Healthcare:

– revalidation– activity monitor– fall detection– ergonomics

• Security– track & trace

• Sport: – training– technique improvement– activity monitoring

• Animation– motion data capturing– game controller (cf. Wii)– virtual reality controller

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Typical healthcare & fitness applications & trends

• Verhaert motion capturing• Elderly: fall detection, activity

monitoring, track & trace => low power / long range

• EMG, EEG, ECG on flex pcb• SiP: 3D BGA stacking

full system on 14 x 14 x 12 mm³low power 15 mW @ 1 Mbps / 50 m

• geo-fencing / track & trace• Man overboard tracking

similar for location based services=> on board intelligence important

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Typical industrial & environmental applications

• Building automation: domotics, metering• Industrial automation, e.g. process

monitoring, object tracking• Asset management: track & trace• Automotive, e.g.traffic monitoring, traffic

control, LBS => long lifetime (10+ year)

• Security• Military, e.g. battlefield surveillance• Environmental monitoring, e.g.

agriculture, habitat, seismic, marine => deployment in large quantities and over large areas

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Added value of wireless sensor networks• Deployment cost

Wired = high infrastructure cost ~ number of sensors & application area [m²]=> large application areas or high number of sensors

• Flexibilitysensor location can be changed easily,network is easily expandable (10 => 10 000 sensors)

• Mobility=> moving objects (e.g. automotive, people)

• Track & trace for moving objects• Network = interaction between nodes

• Constraints– Low power– Lack of standardisation

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Sensor node hardware architecture

Motion node hardware

Antenna

COTS radio

µC

Power circuit

AD

C

ME

MS

sen

sors

Battery

UART

SPI

Case: motion node

Generic

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Software architecture and building blocks

Data logging & visualisation

Base station / pers. hub application

DescriptionSwans building blocks

ProprietaryBase station / pers. hub communication

ProprietaryData transfer

ProprietaryWireless communication

Sensor interfaceData acquisition

SchedulerOS

Inertial: strap-down, Kalman

Embedded algorithms

OSI network layer model

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Parameters for a sensor network configuration

100 Hzinterval: days to seclongData update interval1610 – 10 000highNumber of sensors

2 h sufficientdays to yearshighLifetime / Autonomy

1 – 5000 €m to km

1 – 100 kbits/s

Typical value

3000 € acceptable10 m

250 kbits/s

Swans full motion

lowmedium

low

TargetParameter

Sensor costRange

Bandwidth

• Deployment• Mobility• Infrastructure & topology• Coverage• Connectivity

• Quality of Service• Communication medium• Sensor homogeneity• Certification• Standardisation / interoperability

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What about a standard ?

Number of sensors

Pow

er

UWB

Zigbee

WirelessHartWavenis Greenpeak

/Ubiwave

Bluetooth

Wibree

Wifi

WiMax

gsm6lowpan

BTnode

IMEC

Wisa

Established standard

Target area

Non mature standard

Proprietary

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Low power is essential for low cost deployment

• Dynamic power management: duty cycling, external event trigger (e.g. radio, piezo-sensor for step counter), shutting down / switching off functions like sensing, radio, processor, deep sleep mode, …

• Dynamic Scaling:Voltage or frequency reduction, adaptive depending on workload, asynchronous logic, …

• Data reduction: intelligent algorithms reduce data transfer volumee.g. compression, only sending relevant events, on board interpretation, …

• Ultra low power building blocks: processor architecture, memory,transceiver, sensors, ADC, …

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Power sources: overview

Wireless sensors

Power source

Fuel combustion

Batteries

Thermal

Vibration

Energy harvesting

Solar

Fuel cells

Microturbine

Classics

Sheet-like

New chemicals

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Power sources : battery evolution

• Classics: NiCd• Improved: Ni-MH

=> commodities• Current standard: Li

• Li-ion• Li-polymers=> mobile phones

• Latest state-of-the-art• Li-S: dense, lightweight,

high voltage, high current

• Battery = limited lifetime + waste problem

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Power sources: some other trends

• Micro fuel cells

• Flexible batteries

• Thin film solar cells

• Electro-mechanical conversion

• Ultra-capacitors

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Power source: vibration energy scavenger• Working principle

• MEMS element picks up environmental vibration• transforms vibration into electrical energy• capacitive or piezo-electrical or electro-magnetic

• Specifications• from 10 µW average up to 1 mW peak• some mm³

• Applications• Motors & rotating equipment• Wearables• Vehicles (distribute sensing)

• Status• technological demonstrators

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Power source: thermal scavenger• Working principle

• Seebeck / Peltier effect • V ~ ΔT

• Specifications & advantages• from 10 µW average up to 1 mW peak• some mm³• human body: ~10 mW/cm2

• Applications• Motors• Wearables• Cooling / heating devices

• Status• technological demonstrators

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The future: challenges & trends

• Low power building blocks: sensor, radio, processor• On board intelligence to reduce radio transmission, e.g. triggered by events• Efficient bandwidth use• Long lasting power supply, e.g. energy harvesting• Standardisation / Interoperability• Robust and fault tolerant protocols• Self configuring (dynamic) network configuration• Security / privacy• Synchronisation• Services

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Conclusion

• Opportunities for wireless sensor network applications are numerous

• However, the enabling technologies are not yet mature

• A multi-disciplinary approach and optimization is a key factor for succes

• Continued effort in development is critical for gaining maturity

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Verhaert New Products & Services nvHogenakkerhoekstraat 219150 KruibekeBelgiumTel +32 (0)3 250 19 00Fax +32 (0)3 254 10 [email protected]

www.mastersininnovation.com