1. White-Box testing Techniques Contents: Introduction a) History b) Definition, Goal and its use When to use? and Why? Types of techniques Advantages and Disadvantages Conclusion

2. Introduction: White-box/Structure-based measures and its related design techniques are described in BS7925-2 standard. A software testing technique whereby explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested are used to select the test data. White Box testing is based on specific knowledge of the source code to define the test cases and to examine outputs. 3. Definition: Testing based on an analysis of the internal structure of the component or system. White Box testing is also known as Clear Box testing, Glass Box testing, Transparent Box testing, and Structure-Based testing. It can be applied at all levels of SDLC. Most of the defects are found in Unit, Component & Integration levels is through White-box. 4. Diagram of White-Box techniques: Dynamic Testing Black-boxWhite-Box Statement Coverage Decision Coverage Condition Coverage Multiple Condition Decision Coverage 5. WHITE BOX TECHNIQUES: Statement coverage testing Decision coverage testing Condition coverage testing Multiple condition testing 6. STATEMENT COVERAGE: The percentage of executable statements that have been exercised by a test suite. Statement Coverage = Number of statements exercised Total number of statements * 100% 7. STATEMENT COVERAGE EXAMPLE READ (a) IF a > 6 THEN B = a ENDIF PRINT b Here in this example Statement coverage is 100% Start Read a If a>6 B = a Print B End if Yes N0 8. DECISION COVERAGE: The percentage of decision outcomes that have been exercised by a test suite. 100% decision coverage implies 100% statement coverage. Decision coverage = Number of decision outcomes exercised Total number of decision outcomes * 100% 9. DECISION COVERAGE EXAMPLE READ A READ B C = A 2*B IF C < 0 THEN PRINT C negative END IF Read A, B C < 0 Print Y N End If Start C= A-2*B 10. CONDITION COVERAGE: In this white Box testing technique try to cover 100% condition coverage of the code, it means while testing the every possible conditions in the code is executed at least once. 11. MULTIPLE CONDITION COVERAGE: In this type of testing we use to cover each every point of the system to be execute once. In the actual development process developers are make use of the combination of techniques those are suitable for there software application. 12. Advantages Disadvantages It helps in optimizing the code. Extra lines of code can be removed. Due to the tester's knowledge about the code, maximum coverage is attained during test scenario writing. Costs expensive method of testing. It is difficult to maintain white box testing as the use of specialized tools like code analyzers and debugging tools are required. 13. Differences: Black Box Testing White Box Testing 1. Internal Workings of an application are not required. 1. Knowledge of the Internal workings is must. 2. Also known as closed box/data driven testing. 2. Also known as clear box /structural testing. 3. End users,testers and developers. 3. Normally done by testers and developers 4. This can only be done by trial and error method. 4. Data domains and Internal boundaries can be better tested 14. By, BugAcers