WebDriver TrainingTrainer: Dipesh Bhatewara

www.digitalinfobytes.com

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History

2004 2007 2009 2011

Selenium 1WebDriver

Selenium2

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WebDriver

Is a Self Contained Library of APIs

Uses browser capabilities over injected JavaScripts

“Best fit” technology

Clean & Object Oriented API

Easy to maintain

Faster than Selenium 1

Tightly bound to the browser, no need of Selenium Server

Bindings : Java, C#, Python, Ruby

Android and iPhone support

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Selenium Server in Selenium2

Replicate Selenium RC functionalities

Remote WebDriver

Selenium Grid 2

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WebDriver

WebDriver Interface

Firefox

Driver

Internet

Explorer

Driver

Chrome

Driver

HTML Unit

Driver

Opera Driver

Andriod

Driver

iPhone Driver

API – Must Know

Webdriver – Control Browser

Webdriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

WebElement – works with elements on page

WebElement username = driver.findElement(By.id(“user”));

API – Must Know

void get(“url”) - open the web page

void quit() - close the browser

List<WebElement> findElements(By by) - find elements (more than one element) 

API – Find Elements

There are many different ways to find elements

By.id(“objectId”)

By.linkText(“textUsedInTheLink”)

By.partialLinkText(“partOftextUsedInTheLink”)

By.tagName(“HTMLNodeTag”)

By.className(“cssClassOnObject”)

By.cssSelector(“cssSelectorOfElement”)

By.xpath(“//xpath/To/Element”)

By.name(“elementName”)

API - Operations

void click() - click on an element

void submit() - perform a submit

String getValue() – returns value set in the element

void sendKeys(“keysToSend”) - input values

void clear() - clear the input field

String getElementName() – returns value of Name of the element

String getAttriubute() – returns value of specified attribute of the element

void Actions() - perform mouse, drag and drops and keyboard operations www.time2test.co.uk !

API - windows and frames working with Browser

Windows

driver.getWindowHandles() driver.switchTo().window.(“window_name”)

Working with frames • driver.switchTo().frame.(“frame_name”)

Finding Dynamic Elements

Does the ID of your element dynamically change?

<p id="bootcamp_dynamic_1234">This p tag has a dynamic id</p>

Xpath notation to find the p tag on the page "//p[contains(@id,'bootcamp_dynamic_')]"

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Locator Strategies

ID webDriver.findElement(By.id("logo"));

Name webDriver.findElement(By.name("q"));

Tag Name webDriver.findElement(By.tagName("H1"));

Class name webDriver.findElements(By.className("sponsor_logos"));

XPath webDriver.findElement(By.xpath("//section[@id=‘miniconfs’]/a[2]"));

Link Text webDriver.findElements(By.linkText("About"));

Partial Link Text webDriver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("visitcanberra"));

Sample Codes

Clicking Button/Link/CheckBox

Type in Textbox

driver.findElement(By.id("submitButton")).click();

driver.findElement(By.name("fname")).sendKeys("My First Name");

Sample Codes

Selecting from Drop Down/Radio button

<select id="44"> <option value="1">xyz</option> <option value="2">abc</option> <option value="3">pqr</option> </select>

WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.id("44")); Select selectElement=new Select(e); // both of the below statements will select first option in the weblist selectElement.selectByVisibleText("xyz"); selectElement.selectByValue("1");

Sample Codes

Store text of targeted element

Get page title

String dropdown = driver.findElement(By.tagName("select")).getText();

driver.getTitle();

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Sample Code for Demonstration

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Let’s code

Try the commands seen on your application under test using Selenium, Java, TestNG and Eclipse

Eclipse-Java-Selenium environment setup Reference - http://qastuff.blogspot.in/2012/03/setting-up-selenium-web-driver-eclipse.html

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Page Interactions

webElement.click()

webElement.sendKeys(...)

webElement.submit()

Actions class -> Mouse Events / Drag and Drop

Advanced: Waits in Webdriver

Waiting is having the automated task execution elapse a certain amount of time before continuing with the next step.

Worst way of waiting is Thread.sleep();

Advanced Example: Implicit Wait

An implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available. The default setting is 0. Once set, the implicit wait is set for the life of the WebDriver object instance.

WebDriver webdriver = new FirefoxDriver();webdriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);webdriver.get("http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading");WebElement myDynamicElement = webdriver.findElement(By.id("myDynamicElement"));

Advanced Example: Explicit Wait

An explicit waits is code you define to wait for a certain condition to occur before proceeding further in the code. 

WebElement myDynamicElement = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id("myDynamicElement")));

WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("someid")));

Some conditions for Explicit wait

ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(locator);

ExpectedConditions.invisibilityOfElementLocated(locator);

ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent();

ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(locator);

ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElement(locator, text);

ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(element);

Advanced Examples

Capture Screenshot

File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("D:\\screenshot.jpg"));

Best Practice

To use implicit wait and explicit wait together

Define implicit wait for driver after initialization

This will define default implicit wait time frame for all findElements

At the special places requiring more time, use explicit wait

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Additional useful commands

Polling the DOM for N seconds webDriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,

TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Testing CSS properties webElement.getCssValue(“height”);

Javascript execution JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) webDriver;

Long value = (Long) js.executeScript("return window.scrollY");

Navigation

webDriver.navigate().back(); webDriver.navigate().forward(); webDriver.navigate().to(“url”);

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Assignment

Fill the form of registration on a test website of your choice.

Run it on different browsers.

Try to use waits.

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Pop-up/Alert handling

Pop up window

driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle);

Alerts

alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

alert.Accept();

alert.Dismiss();

Sample code Reference - http://qastuff.blogspot.in/2012/05/switch-to-window-smart-way.html

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Backward Compatibility with Selenium 1

Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(webDriver, “http://osdc.com.au”);

selenium.open("http://osdc.com.au");

selenium.click("id=follow_twitter");

selenium.waitForPageToLoad("10000");

WebDriver webDriver = ((WebDriverBackedSelenium) selenium).getUnderlyingWebDriver();

Dipesh BhatewaraTest Automation and Agile enthusiast.LinkedIn -https://in.linkedin.com/pub/dipesh-bhatewara/2/498/612/en

Blog - http://qastuff.blogspot.in/, www.digitalinfobytes.com

Email - dipesh.bhatewara@outlook.com