Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 1/18OCEANS'2012

Arnaud Van De CasteeleMines ParisTech – CRC

Using Spatial Ontologies Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal for Detecting Abnormal

Maritime BehaviourMaritime Behaviour

Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 2/18

Background & Research problemMaritime Domain Background Maritime Domain AwarenessResearch issues

Spatial OntologiesWhat is an ontology ?Abnormal vessel behavior ontology

Prototype & examplesPrototype architectureExamples of abnormal vessel behaviour

Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 3/18

MSC Napoli janvier 2007 (storm)Limburg oct 2002 (terrorism)

Hebei Spirit Dec 2007 (collision) Ponant Avril 2008 (piracy)

Source : ICC International Maritime Bureau

Economic 90% of world trade is transported by sea In EU 90% of oil and gas are transported by sea

Illegal Fishing Only 6% of illegal fishing frauds are detected 88% of fishing stocks in the EU are overexploited

Pollution 30 000 illegal oil spills are estimated every year (EU)

Illegal immigration 55% of illegal border crossing immigration is done by sea (EU) 3000 illegal ''know'' immigrants lost their life at sea every year

Context

Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples

> Maritime Domain Background Maritime Domain Awareness Research Issues

Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 4/18

Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples

> Maritime Domain Background Maritime Domain Awareness Research Issues

There might be a

better way

to visualize and analyze so much

information

Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 5/18

Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples

Maritime Domain Background > Maritime Domain Awareness Research Issues

ScanmarisTamarisSismaris : sismaris.orgI2C : i2c.eu

F. Jangal, M. Giraud, A. Littaye, M. Morel, J-P. Mano, A. Napoli, ISAP'08 -Taïwan, Extraction of Suspicious Behavior of Vessels in the Exclusive Economic Zone (2008)

Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 6/18

Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples

Maritime Domain Background Maritime Domain Awareness > Research Issues

Center for research onRisks andCrisis

Geo-Geo-collaborationcollaboration

Spatial Spatial OLAPOLAP

Spatial Data Spatial Data MiningMining

MaritimeMaritimeSurveillanceSurveillance

SystemSystem

ModellingModellingand and

SimulationSimulation

VisualizationVisualizationandand

InterfaceInterface

StorageStorageandand

restitutionrestitution

Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 7/18

Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples

> What is an Ontology Abnormal Vessel behavior ontology

What does the vessel notion really means ?

Navire

Pétrolier

Tanker

Vessel

BoatSuper-Tanker

ناقلة

油船

탱커petrolero

« People can't share knowledge if they don't speak a common language » Thomas Davenport

Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 8/18

Source : Ontology Dimension Map; Ontology Summit 2007

« An ontology is a formal explicit specification of a shared conceptualization »

Studer, 1998

Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples

> What is an Ontology Abnormal vessel behaviour ontology

Your answer is based ona shared ontology

Knowledge Knowledge Automatic

Formal

RepresentationSharing and reuseReasoningvocabulary

Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 9/18

Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples

Ontological infrastructure for maritime management

Yan, 2008

MaritimeManagement

Geometric Trajctory Ontology

Trajectory

Spatio-Temporal

Temporal Spatial

Spatial Relations

Geography Ontology

Network Relations

Topography

CountryApplication Domain

Ontology

Illegal Activities

Port State Control

Maritime Law

What is an Ontology > Abnormal vessel behavior ontology

Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 10/18

Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples

What is an Ontology > Abnormal vessel behavior ontology

Geometric Trajectory Ontology

Move

Stop

Interval

Time

Duration

Trajectory

trajIsCompOfStopfromStop

toStopinMove

outMove

stopHasTime isa hasDuration

Baglioni, 2008

Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 11/18

Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples

What is an Ontology > Abnormal vessel behavior ontology

Geography Trajectory Ontology

Wind

Waves

Context

has

highWind LowWind

isCloseTo

Country

War Country

SmugglingCountry

Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 12/18

Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples

What is an Ontology > Abnormal vessel behavior ontology

Application Domain Ontology

> How can we use spatial knowledge of maritime experts ?

Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 13/18

Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples

> Prototype architecture Example of abnormal vessel behaviour

Ontology DrivenGIS

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Vessel(?vessel), OP_Vessel_hasVesselType(?vessel, ?vesselType), DP_Vessel_hasSpeed(?vessel, ?speedVessel), DP_Vessel_hasSpeed(?vesselType, ?speedTypeVessel), greaterThan(?speedTypeVessel, ?speedVessel) ->OP_Vessel_hasAlert(?vessel, Alert_Speed_HighSpeed)

If a type of vessel has a speed above X then rise alert :

Vessel(?vessel), DP_Vessel_hasPosition(?vessel, ?position),DP_Analysis_DataPath(Alert_Area_Restricted, ?geoData), intersects(?geoData, ?position) -> OP_Vessel_hasAlert(?vessel, Alert_Area_Restricted)

If a vessel enters in a restricted area then rise alert :

Example of rules detection

Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples

> Prototype architecture Example of abnormal vessel behaviour

Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 15/18

Alert age of shipAlert age of ship

Alert Area RestrictedAlert Area Restricted

Alert SpeedAlert Speed

Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples

Prototype architecture > Example of abnormal vessel behaviour

Identification of abnormal vessel behaviour

Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 16/18

Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples

Prototype architecture > Example of abnormal vessel behaviour

Map Visualization

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Conclusion

Evolution of the maritime threat needs new Sea border surveilance system

We need maritime expert to design this system

Ontologies can be used to model the expert knowledge

Ontologies and spatial ontologies can be used to analyze abnormal vessel behaviour

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Questions ?

Arnaud Van De Casteelearnaud {dot} van_de_casteele {at} mines-paristech {dot} fr

A. Van De Casteele, A. Napoli, M. Morel, Apport du géodécisionnel et de la géocollaboration aux nouveaux systèmes de surveillance maritime, Conférence INFORSID, 2011 (France)

Idiri, B., Extraction de connaissances dans un système géodécisionnel dédié à la surveillance maritime, Conférence INFORSID, 2011 (France)

Chaze X, X., Bouejla A., Napoli A., Guarnieri F., Eude T., Alhadef B.,The contribution of bayesian networks to manage risks of maritime piracy against oil offshore fieldsConférence DASFAA 2012 (Corea)

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