From

Telidon

to 3D-TVTV BROADCASTING

AT CRC

From

Telidon to

HDTV

FIRST PART:

THE PAST

Spectrum management is a key role of Industry Canada (former

Department of Communications) .

TV Broadcasting occupied a large spectrum allocation in the VHF-

UHF band

TV Broadcasting is a public service regulated by the Canadian

Radio-Television Commission (CRTC)

CRC was the only organisation doing R&D in Broadcasting in Canada

CRC MANDATE

BROADCASTING AND UNICASTING

•One to all

•On Schedule

•Dedicated channel

•Unlimited number of

users

• One to one

• On-demand

• Shared channel

• Limited number of

users

Broadcast Channel Characterization and Modeling

Transmission Technologies (Coding, Modulation, ErrorCorrection,MIMO, etc.)

Coverage and Interference Estimation Tools (CRC -COVLAB)

Laboratory and Field Testing of Systems

Audio and Video Signal Processing and Compression

Psychophysics of Human Audio and Visual Perception

Audio and Video Objective/Subjective Quality Assessment

3D TV and Immersive environment

Multimedia Distribution Techniques: Internet, Wi -Fi, Wi-Max,IPTV…

SDR implementation of Broadcasting Standards

Applications of Broadcasting techniques to other areas such as Public Safety, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Defence...

CRC CORE EXPERTISE

Transmission

technologies

Coverage estimation

tools

New coverage concepts

and broadcast network

topologies

Audio and video signal

processing/compression

Multimedia broadcasting

Digital broadcasting

Test beds

Mobile test vans

Advanced Television

Evaluation Lab (ATEL)

Audio quality

assessment studio

Multimedia

broadcasting lab

RESEARCH AREAS FACILITIES

CRC TV BROADCASTING FACILITIES

DTV Transmission Test Bed

Computer Simulations

Test Vans for mobile measurement

ATSC Mobile DTV Transmitters (SFN)

High Power Experimental Transmitter ( Manotick)– C h a n n e l 6 7 ( 7 8 8 - 7 9 4 M H z )

– T X Ou t p u t Power : 2 . 5 k W

– Aver a g e E R P : 3 0 k W

– Tower H e ig h t : 2 0 9 m

– EHAAT: 215 m

1946-1953 American television received in border areas

1952: CBC TV stations in Montréal and Toronto

1961: CTV on the air

1982: World’s First HDTV Conference organized in Canada

2010: 738 full power NTSC TV transmitters and 1238 low

power ones

2011: Digital TV transition in 31 mandatory markets

2013: Reallocation of TV channels 52-69 to mobile services

2014: 700 MHZ licences sold for $5.27 billion

HISTORY OF TELEVISION IN CANADA

MY HISTORY:

ADMIRAL B&W TV IN QUEBEC CIT Y: 1955

SEARS COLOR TV:1970

New concept for communications satell ites; high power in the satell ite and small dishes on earth

This concept, called a Direct Broadcast Satell ite (DBS), was championed by John Chapman

A means of delivering high quality TV transmissions to Canadians outside urban centres

1976: Communications Technology Satell ite (CTS)/ Hermes

May 1978: the world's first direct -to-home satell ite television broadcast carried a Stanley Cup hockey game from Canada to the home of a Canadian diplomat in Lima, Peru.

Hermes also demonstrated Satell ite News Gathering (SNG)

David Florida Laboratory was built with facil ities to integrate and test the satell ite

1987, an EMMY was awarded to the Department of Communications and NASA recognizing their joint role in developing the Ku band satell ite technology

DIRECT-TO-HOME SATELLITE

BROADCASTING: 1976

First rural fiber optic network

350 people town.

150 subscribers

$10 millions investment ( 50 % from the Canadian

government)

Distribution of telephone , radio, television and data

(Telidon) over an optic fiber

Switched star Network configuration

Telidon at 4.8 kilobits/sec. !!!

One analog TV channel (among a choice of 8!!!)

CRC investigated Video Transmission, Bidirectional operation

and fiber splicing techniques.

First step toward Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

now called Internet

PROJECT ELIE (MANITOBA): 1981

Enabling a T V sets to receive Data/Images by telephone l ine

Increased coverage by using Teletext (Broadcasting)

Teletext was adding Tel idon data ( 40-50 kilobits/sec.)to the Broadcast T V signal

Data was inser ted in the Ver t ical Blanking Interval (VBI)

Field tests were done across Canada to determine coverage: Over the air and on Cable

Test Pi lot on T V master transmitters in Toronto and Montréal

T V set -top built by Norpak now part of Ross Video

Telidon-Teletext was the first step toward the digitalisation of T V Broadcasting in Canada

Provided crit ical information on T V channel characteristics

TELIDON (1979-1985)

TELIDON TERMINAL (1979)HERB B OWN , B O B WA RB U RTO N , B IL L SAWC HU K ,

D O U G O 'B RIEN AND JO HN S TO REY

Using Digital Filter to cancel ‘ghosts’ in Analog TV signal

Testing of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter to remove

ghosts

Creation of Multipath simulators combinations for testing

Coordination of evaluation of Ghost Cancellation

Reference (GCR) Signal for the ATSC

Philips Laboratories (Winner)

RCA-Sarnoff

BTA-NECX

AT&T-Zenith

Samsung

Standard in the USA-Canada

NTSC GHOST CANCELLATION

Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding (MUSE)

Developed by NHK Laboratories (Japan) in the 1980

Hi-Vision: HDTV distribution over satellite

2-dimensional filtering, dot-interlacing, motion-vector

compensation and line-sequential color encoding with time

compression to 'fold' an original 20 MHz source Hi-Vision

signal into a bandwidth of 8.1 MHz.

1125 lines , 60 HZ, Digital Audio

Terrestrial MUSE transmission used a bandwidth limited FM

system

Narrow Muse (6 MHz) was proposed for North America

Terrestrial transmission and was evaluated at CRC-ATEL

JAPANESE HI-VISION MUSE (1980-1995)

DIRECTOR GENERAL BROADCAST

TECHNOLOGIES (DGBT) CIRCA 1986

Multiplex Analog Component (MAC) (Europe)

MAC transmits luminance and chrominance data separately in time rather than separately in frequency (as other analog television formats do, such as composite video).

Audio was transmitted digitally rather than as an FM subcarrier.

MAC standard included a standard scrambling system

Hi-Vision MUSE (Japan)

Required more bandwidth (12-16-24-32 MHz)

Limited to satell ite distribution

Required two channels for terrestrial transmission

CRC monitored developments and tested MAC prototype

HYBRID (ANALOG-DIGITAL)

HDTV BROADCASTING- 1990

SIMULATED MAC SIGNAL.

Digital data (Audio), chrominance and luminance

VIDEO EQUIPMENT-1991

Digital Video Sequence Recorder: VTE

SONY HD Tape Recorder & Monitor

Format Converter

HD Rear Projector: Hitachi

HDTV pictures required in the order of 100 mbps

Compression make it fit into a video channel

MPEG-2 requires around 20 mbps

CRC investigated various compression schemes

CRC contributed to MPEG developments

CRC was a founding member of the Video Quality Evaluation Group (VQEG)

CRC made contributions to the ITU on video processing and video quality evaluation

VIDEO COMPRESSION

Demonstrations of HDTV equipment from Europe-Japan

Technical conference in Ottawa: Advanced Television Colloquium

Satell ite l inks from Japan to North America: HD-MUSE

Public demonstrations in a Shopping Centre in Ottawa-Hull

Similar demonstrations in Toronto, Washington, New-York and

Los Angeles

Public Subjective Tests at the Government of Canada Conference

Centre

First HDTV production in Canada ‘’Over the Rainbow’’ was shown

Survey showed that people would l ike HDTV but a reasonable

price

1988 cost of HDTV sets: $10,000

HDTV ’87 DEMONSTRATIONS IN CANADA

USA concerns about Japanese HDTV Systems: Camera, Recorders, transmitters, receivers (Sony, Hitachi, Toshiba, Matsushita…)

USA wish to protect its microelectronics and consumers electronic industry: RCA (now Thomson), Zenith( now LG)

Create a process to built an American TV broadcast system

Advisory Committee on Advanced Television System (USA)

Advanced Television System Committee (USA)

Advanced Television Test Centre (USA)

Cable Labs (USA)

Advanced Television Evaluation Laboratory (CRC-ATEL) Canada

In Canada

Advanced Broadcasting Systems of Canada (ABSOC)

Joint Technical Committee on Advanced Broadcasting (JT-CAB)

HIGH DEFINITION TELEVISION (HDTV): 1987

Initial Specification: Analogue and NTSC Compatible HDTV

System

23 proposals received by ACATS (1988)

Woo Paik from General Instrument (GI) put together digital

standard TV satellite encoders (VideoCypher) to create the

first HDTV digital signal

New specification: Digital non-compatible HDTV system with

a transition period

5 Proposals ($200K Testing fee) 1990:

Sarnoff-Thompson-Philips (Analog then Digital version)

Zenith-AT&T

GI

MIT

NHK Narrow-Muse (Analog)

DEVELOPMENTS IN THE USA

ATTC made objective tests and prepared tapes for subjective video tests

CRC-ATEL carried out the subjective tests

ATEL Compare source with transmitted pictures

Multiple video formats including Progressive and interlaced Scanning: Format Converter

Rear-Projection Display needed to switch between HDTV formats

University students hired as viewers

Special Panel’s Conclusion mostly based on ATEL subjective tests results:

Digital systems much better than analog: NHK withdraw

No clear winner among Digital systems

ACATS recommend new tests on improved systems

HDTV TESTING (1991-93)

ADVANCED TELEVISION EVALUATION

LABORATORY (ATEL)

Fig 2. Viewing Room of ATEL. The lighting

level and colour of the back-lit viewing wall

meets the requirements of ITU-R

Recommendation 500. Viewers are seated at a

distance as is appropriate for HDTV or

Standard TV.

Fig 3. Control and Switching Room Equipment

to display images in the ATEL Viewing Room

AVERAGE DIFFERENCES BET WEEN QUALIT Y JUDGMENTS FOR

THE 1125-LINE STUDIO QUALIT Y REFERENCE AND FOR EACH

OF THE PROPOSED AT V SYSTEMS.

CARRIER-TO-NOISE N-MUSE DigiCipher DSC-HDTV AD-HDTV CCDC

+38 +16.0 +16.0 +18.4 +15.4

CO-CHANNEL N-MUSE DigiCipher DSC-HDTV AD-HDTV CCDC

ATV-into-NTSC +16.8 +35 +35 +34 +36

NTSC-into-ATV +21 +7.6 +3.5 +0.50 +8.1

ATV-into-ATV +31 +16.4 +18.2 +19.1 +16.6

ADJACENT-CHANNEL N-MUSE DigiCipher DSC-HDTV AD-HDTV CCDC

Lower ATV-into-NTSC –31 –13.5 –17.2 –16.0 –17.8

Upper ATV-into-NTSC –12.0 –21 –7.5 –8.9 –17.0

Lower NTSC-into-ATV +28 –30 –43 –38 –37

Upper NTSC-into-ATV –11.8 –24 –42 –36 –37

Lower ATV-into-ATV –15.5 –23 –35 –33 –32

Upper ATV-into-ATV +16.6 –23 –36 –16.8 –32

SYSTEM-SPECIFIC PLANNING FACTORS

(D/U IN DB)

Donald Rumsfield (General Instrument) propose a Grand

Alliance:

RCA-Sarnof-Thomson, GI, MIT, Philips, Zenith & AT&T

Encoder: GI and AT&T

Transport System (Multiplex) RCA-Sarnoff Labs. (enable

single HDTV or multiple Standard TV programs in single 6

MHz channel)

Decoder: Philips

Audio: Dolby AC-3

Modulation: Zenith 8-VSB

Grand Alliance system tested by ATTC and ATEL

A 53 ATSC Standard adopted in 1995 by the USA

Adopted by Canada in 1997

HDTV GRAND ALLIANCE 1993

LABOR DIVISION OF THE GRAND ALLIANCE

2009 EMMY AWARD:STANDARDIZATION OF THE ATSC DIGITAL SYSTEM:

-Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Service (ACATS)

-Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC)

-Advanced Television Test Center (ATTC)

-CRC Advanced Television Evaluation Laboratory (ATEL)

Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (Multicarriers)

European alternative to single carrier: Zenith 8-VSB and GI 32-

QAM

Flexible Guard space used against Multipath

Enable Single Frequency Network and Mobile Reception

Consortium Canada-USA-Brazil to adapt COFDM to 6 Mhz

channels

COFDM-6 Modem built by Sintef-Delab (Norway)

6 MHz Transmission parameters set by CRC

Laboratory and field tests done by CRC

ACATS-Expert Group did not see the superiority of COFDM in the

North American context

Grand All iance worked on improving 8-VSB Channel equalization.

COFDM 6

ATSC: USA-Canada-Mexico-Korea

Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Europe-Australia-New

Zealand-Singapore

Integrated System for Digital Broadcasting : Japan

Digital Mobile Broadcasting-T: China

International System for DTV: Brazil

Some CRC involvement with all

INTERNATIONAL DIGITAL BROADCASTING

SYSTEMS

DTV AROUND THE WORLD

Experimental HDTV Station: 1999 (Manotick)

Industry Canada

CDTV

Larcan

CRC

Experimental Single Frequency Network and

On-Channel Repeater

HDTV Receivers testing

Confirm channel parameters

Measure evolution of channel equaliser range

HDTV FIELD TEST IN CANADA

TV TRANSMISSION TESTING FACILITIES

Fig 4. Equipment at the Transmission Laboratory to simulate transmission environments for testing and comparing robustness to transmission impairments of different transmission and modulation technologies

Fig 5. Mobile Transmission Laboratory for television transmission and coverage tests (Picture shows tests being carried out at Parliament Hill in Ottawa)

DTV Chanel parameters, transmission

mask…provided by CRC

738 Canadian full-power television transmitters

1238 low-power transmitters

First transition allotment plan in 1998

Second transition allotment plan in 1999

Final Transitional Allotment Plan in May 2005

Post-Transition Allotment plan in December

2008

First Canadian station (CITY-TV) : January 2003

HDTV CHANNEL ALLOCATION

Transition coordinated by the Canadian Digital Television (CDTV)

Broadcasters: Astral, Bell, CHUM, Global, Telesat, CTV, Corus, Omni…

Consumers and Professional Equipment suppliers: LG, Sharp, Sony, R&S, Larcan

Industry and Government Organisations: CRTC, CRC, CAB, IC, Heritage…

Industry Canada produced a Transition DTV allotment plan and a DTV Post Transition Allotment plan

End of NTSC (Analog) Transmission on August 31, 2011

Digital TV in only 28 markets

Other areas can remain analogue

Channel 52-69 (698-806 MHz)cleared of TV broadcasting signals

DIGITAL TV TRANSITION

14 Canadian stations

CBC (English) (4) 25

Global (6) 14

CBC (French) (9) 22

CHCH (11) 33

CTV 13

Omni1 (60) 27

TVO 24

TQ - Télé Québec 30

TQS (V) - CFGS 34

TVA - CHOT 40

CTS (32) 42

"A" Channel 43

Omni2 (14) 20

CityTV (65) 17

5 from Watertown-Norwood

WNPI Norwood PBS 23

WCFE Mountain Lake PBS 38

WNYF FOX SD 18

WWNY CBS HD 7

WWTI ABC HD 21

HDTV STATIONS NOW AVAILABLE IN THE

OTTAWA AREA

Licence Winners # of Licences Won Final Price Total Population Covered

Feenix 1 Paired + 0 Unpaired $284,000 107,215

MTS 1 Paired + 0 Unpaired $8,772,072 1,206,968

Bragg 4 Paired + 0 Unpaired $20,298,000 3,101,204

TELUS 16 Paired + 14 Unpaired $1,142,953,484 33,475,915

Vidéotron 7 Paired + 0 Unpaired $233,328,000 28,030,489

Bell 17 Paired + 14 Unpaired $565,705,517 33,475,915

Sasktel 1 Paired + 0 Unpaired $7,556,929 1,030,039

Rogers 22 Paired + 0 Unpaired $3,291,738,000 33,368,700

700 MHZ (TV BAND)

SPECTRUM AUCTIONS

Second part: Present and Future

TV BROADCASTING

AT CRC

Adding Data to analog Color TV Broadcasting

Data available for various applications including electronic newspapers, downloading computer software and transmitting supplemental information to TV commercials

National Data Broadcasting Committee (NDBC) set up in the USA to select a system

2 candidates: Wavephore and Digideck

CRC involves in Laboratory tests

Transmission

Subjective evaluation of impairments

CRC as consultant to American-Japanese TV broadcasters

Transmission performance

Data Capacity potential

NTSC DATA CASTING (1995-96)

Local multipoint communication systems (LMCS) 1995-1997 LMCS for the distribution of services, such as interactive video,

broadcasting, multimedia, voice, narrowband and broadband data services to Canadian households and businesses;

27.35–28.35 GHz

CRC did coverage (5 Km radius) study and field tests for WIC -Connexus to determine viability of possible point to multipoint services

Coverage limited by humidity in foliage

In 2014, IC expected the band to be used by fixed point-to-point services to support commercial mobile services.

Reduced Bandwidth Electronic News Gathering (ENG) 1999 Performance degradation from 12 MHz ENG vs 17 MHz

Broadcast Auxiliary Services Band reduced from 120 to 85 MHz: 2.025 -2.110 GHz

Impairments tests to determine subjective video-audio threshold

Degradation of a few dB for video (2-4.5 dB) and audio (5-6 dB)

SPECTRUM EFFICIENCIES

White is the free spectrum in the TV bands that could be used by

other unlicenced services using Data Base or cognitive radio.

CRC investigated sensing techniques to identify available white

space

Developed Testing Methods for White Space devices

Contributed to development of industry standard

Helped Canadian industry developing White Space devices

(RedLine)

TV WHITE SPACE

R&D Program set by CRC in 2002, to support

Industry Canada mandate to increase service in

Rural and Remote areas.

One of the project proposed to used Broadcasting

technologies:

Using ATSC to transmit 20 MBPS over 6 MHZ channels

Using DVB-RCT as a return data channel

CRC contributed to the development of the IEEE

802.22 Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN)

standard (2011)

RURAL AND REMOTE

BROADBAND ACCESS (RRBA) 2002-05

RRBA BROADCAST CONCEPT

MOBILE VIDEO BROADCASTING

Laboratory and Field tests of proposals for ATSC H/M

Investigations on more efficient Audio/Video

compression technologies Wavelet-based codec (CRC-CWT and CRC-WVC)

Frame rate conversion (CRC-FRC)

Multi-frame motion estimation

Bio-inspired audio coding algorithms

Contributions to the Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG) for Multimedia applications.

Subjective audio/video evaluations

Investigation of effect of Tx impairments on video quality

Investigations on Multimedia Broadcasting using DAB-

DMB technologies in the VHF-UHF Band

Coverage prediction using COV-LAB

Video over Wi-Fi and WiMax

MOBILE RECEPTION TESTS

Fig 6. Interior of the Mobile Transmission Laboratory for television transmission and coverage tests

Fig 7. Installation of an 8-VSB Gap-Filler transmitter

IMPROVEMENTS TO ATSC DTV COVERAGE :

PREDICTION OF SFN COVERAGE

48

Example of CRC-COVLAB prediction for

Mobile/Fixed

Fixed

Mobile

Coverage prediction software for Radio -TV Broadcast systems

Using various propagation models including CRC Predict

Developed to demonstrate Digital Radio Broadcasting (DRB)

coverage in L-Band

Coverage improvements using Single Frequency Networks

Coverage reduction of FM in Canada due to interference from

US FM-IBOC

Mobile DTV (ATSC-M/H) coverage prediction

On-Line coverage prediction

Software sold around the world

CRC COV-LAB

SINGLE FREQUENCY NETWORK

In 2002, CRC did interference assessment to

enable spectrum sharing between NTSC-DTV

and Public Safety Wireless Operation on

Channels 60-69 (746-806 MHz):

Co-Channel interference (200-300 Km protection):

Clear channel 63 and 68 for Public Safety

Adjacent Channel interference: Co-location of Public

Safety Base Station if channel 62-64 in operation.

CRC developed video processing techniques to

improve images from surveillance recording in

low light conditions

PUBLIC SAFETY

Competition to find the best

Loudness Meter for TV broadcasting

CRC responsible for testing

CRC (Gilbert Soulodre) developed a simple reference to

validate tests

CRC design found to be the best one !

ITU adopted CRC design as international standard (2006)

CRC Design is now in the public domain

The CRC team won another in the EMMY AWARD in the

Technology and Engineering category, for their part in

devising an international standard that will help to lower

the volume on television commercials along with Dolby

and the ITU.

CRC VIDEO LOUDNESS METER:

THIRD EMMY AWARD !

3D TELEVISION AT CRC

Popularity of 3-D Cinema

Future Upgrade to HDTV

Availability of 3-D Display (Without glasses)

Small overhead in term of data rate

Better understanding of the 3-D production problems

Cell phones with 3D displays.

CRC Investigation on compression technologies for 3 -D

video

CRCC Subjective evaluation of 3 -D

CRC Conversion of 2-D video programs to 3-D

Automatic (CRC Software) conversion of 2 -D to 3-D Video

53

3D TV ASSESSMENTS AT CRC (2003)FILIPPO SPERANZA, TAALI MARTIN, RON RENAUD

Single Frequency Network: Better

coverage, low power

DTV Multiplex flexibility: More programs

or less transmitters

Mobile television broadcasting:

Reception in mobile phones

Enhanced ATSC VSB: Better transmission

Wireless return channel for interactive

broadcast channels

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CRTC

Contribution to the Heritage

Standing Committee

Information to Auditor General

Information to Customs

Brochure on Canadian industry

capability for Foreign Affair

OTHER SUPPORT TO THE

GOVERNMENT OF CANADA

Demonstration of HDTV Tele Health

Telesat Canada tests on

contribution links

DTV Receivers testing

Patents sold

OTHER SUPPORT TO INDUSTRY

PERFORMANCES OF DIFFERENT

GENERATIONS OF ATSC RECEIVERS

Our Canadian Partners

PARTNERS FROM AROUND THE WORLD

Outreach Activities

• Contributions: CRTC , Heritage

committee, Telecommunication Policy

Review Panel( SFN, DMB), RABC,

ITU-R, Video Quality Expert Group

(VQEG), DTV-TG, DRRI, WorldDAB,

ATSC, World Broadcasting Union

(WBU), MPEG

• Publications: IEEE Transactions,

SPIE, JAES

• Conferences: WABE, CCBE, NAB,

IBC,AES, Picture Coding

Symposium, 3D TV, IEEE-BMBS,

IEEE Broadcast Symposium…

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

BROADCASTERS SHOW: 2010

Free booth at the Innovation Campus

Representative from Europe(DVB-EBU), Asia (ETRI-NHK-NERC

and Americas (ATSC-NAB-PBS-CBC-CRC-SET-TVGlobo)

Develop the technologies for the next generation TV broadcast

systems toward a world standard.

FUTURE OF BROADCASTING TELEVISION

(FOBTV) 2011

• CRC’s Predict licenced to Northwood.

• Former CRC employee, Bernard Breton moved to Northwood

• Northwood sold to Marconi, U.K.

• Marconi sold to Ericson, Sweden

• Ericson’s wireless network planning sold to CTS Holding, Paris, France

• Launch of the new company: Mentum

• Bernard Breton became COO and Head of Sales & Marketing

•Mentum acquired by InfoVista (France) in 2012

• 50-person R&D operation in Gatineau.

Long term impact of our work: An example

6

7

ViewersProduction

New Video Distribution TechniquesDistribution Place

shifting

Distribution

Rights

Cable

TV

IPTV

Broadcast

transmitters

Satellite

WI-FI

Internet

Cellular

BUT, REMEMBER WE HAD SOME

PROBLEM WITH ANALOG NTSC TV TOO!

BROADCASTING 3.0

NEXT STEP: SUPER HD VIDEO

-16 time HDTV resolution

-32 megapixels pictures

-22.2 sound channels

NEXT STEP: IMMERSIVE VIDEO

See demo at

http://immersivemedia.com/?page_id=494

Could that be transmitted to the home ?

Collective past

Railway, Broadcasting,

Satellite…

Require government

intervention ($)

Manage the spectrum

Government R&D to

initiate developments

National regulation

Following USA

Individual future

Internet, Cellular

Phone…

Required market

intervention

Sell the spectrum

Government ‘R&D’ to

monitor developments

Worldwide regulation ?

Worldwide access

PAST AND FUTURE

Prepare for Convergence

Everywhere !

WE CAME A LONG WAY:

WITH SOME HELP FROM CRC

Shut Off: The Canadian Digital TV Transition by by Gregory Taylor

BROADCAST TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH AMERICAN DIGITAL TELEVISION SYSTEM

by Metin Akgun, Ph.D. http://www.friendsofcrc.ca/Projects/DigitalTV/DigTV.html

High Definit ion Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology Philip J. Cianci

Defining Vision: How Broadcasters Lured the Government into Inciting a Revolution in Television by Joel Brinkley

FURTHER READING