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The Third Industrial Revolution and its Implications for Africa
Dr. Robin Teigland Stockholm School of Economicswww.knowledgenetworking.orgwww.slideshare.net/eteigland
RobinTeigland
July 2013www.hhs.se
”No one knows everything, everyone knows something,
all knowledge resides in humanity.”
networks
Adapted from Lévy 1997
Six degrees of separation
- Milgram, 1967
Creation > curation
Where have the traditional sources of sustainable competitive advantage been?
#1
InnovationNetworks of relationships
Brand & Reputation
FIRM
Kaye 1993
#1
InnovationNetworks of relationships
Brand & Reputation
FIRM
TWhere are tomorrow’s sources of
sustainable competitive advantage?
Teigland 2010
105 emp350+
Partners
43,900+Communitymembers
15,000+Customers in 130 countries
eZ Ecosystem
• Content management software, #1 in media industry
• 250,000 sites in 170 countries• Customers: UN, FT, WSJ, Vogue, Hitachi, 3M, BMW
• 105 employees in 9 countries (US, Europe & Asia)
http://academia.edu/2846771/Are_we_in_this_together_Exploring_private-collective_knowledge_communities
30% profit margin in
commodity business
First fully crowdsourced premium fashion brand
We design We deliver
Made in
San
Francisco
From clothing to home products to ….
http://www.quirky.com/
The Quirky process
http://www.quirky.com/ge
Open innovation in automotive design/production
“Local Motors is the place for people to create influential vehicles together.”
http://localmotors.com/
ExploitationImproving
existing value creation activities
ExplorationDeveloping new value creation activities
Adapted from March 1991
Valuecreation
Talent• “Net generation”• 24x7 “mobile” talent• Entrepreneurial spirit
Technology • 3D printing• Internet of things• Robotics
Open Source
• Software • Hardware• Physibles
Convergence of…..
Finance• Crowdfunding/equity• Digital currencies• Micropayments
Open Source + 3d Printing + ICT + Talent
http://mashable.com/2013/02/13/robohand/
$60,000
$150
Where is the firm?
Open Source values of sharing
The virtual meets the physical in a growing network of labs
http://afrilabs.com/
The maker movement in Africa
iHub – KenyaHouse4Hack – RSAWoelab – Togo
Developing international entrepreneurs
South African ‘Maker’ with completely new 3D printer
design
http://www.house4hack.co.za/
Enabling the workforce through MOOCs (massively open online courses)
SMART (Software, Mobil Apps, Research & Technology) Knowledge Hubs in Tanzania
New Economy Skills for Africa Program- ICT (Tanzania)+
Coursera
http://blogs.worldbank.org/edutech/moocs-in-africa
24x7 global freelance talent
https://www.elance.com/trends/talent-available
Global Online Employment Report
Q2 2012 at Elance
http://www.freelancer.co.za
New means of payment…
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2263707
…and financing through Crowdfunding
http://www.slideshare.net/eteigland/crowdfunding-in-sweden
“Made in Africa” 3D printer (Togo)crowdfunded through Ulele
Winner of International Space
Apps Challenge
http://www.engineering.com/3DPrinting/3DPrintingArticles/ArticleID/5712/E-Waste-3D-Printer-to-Mars.aspx
Endless possibilities
http://opensourceecology.org/
Here comes the Immersive Internet….
O’Driscoll 2009
What are Virtual Worlds ?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Quh2OiPHkm8
Platforms for unleashing creativity and revolutionizing
value creation
Innovation workshops bring together users from across the globe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kMNWBU1Yb8
Overview− EU funded, 3 year multilateral and transversal network (LLP EACEA,
KA3 (ICT))− December 2011 – December 2014− Project Leader: University of Hull (Darren Mundy, Luisa Panichi)− 19 partners from Austria, Cyprus, France, Germany, Israel, Italy,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, UK Network Aims
−Collect good practice examples in teaching and learning in virtual worlds from different subjects and national and local contexts− Facilitate transfer of core knowledge to new contexts− Provide framework for creation of pan-European virtual-world university
Expected Outcomes− Increased number of experts in virtual world education− Policy for long-term sustainability of network and its outcomes− Model for knowledge transfer− Range of dissemination events
More information: http://www.euroversity.eu/
Developing international entrepreneurs
≈1.5 bln VW accounts under age 16http://aisel.aisnet.org/misq/vol35/iss3/3/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20492908
Kibera, Nairobi
OpenSimulator: A value-creation ecosystem
AcademicEntrepreneurHobbyistLarge FirmNon-profitLocal PublicFederal PublicResearch InstSME EmployeePeriphery
USD 5.5mln in development
costs
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2271529
From the mobility of goods to the mobility of financial capital to …
...the “mobility” of labor?
http://journals.tdl.org/jvwr/index.php/jvwr/article/view/866
Out now – by Palgrave Macmillan
http://www.amazon.com/The-Immersive-Internet-Reflections-Entangling/dp/1137283017
History tends to repeat itself….Innovation, financial crisis, industrial revolution,
…
Steam engine
Internal combustion
engine
Microelectronics
Late 18th C Late 19th C Late 20th C
Schön 2008
Third industrial revolution?
Increasing pace of change
Average lifespan of company on S&P 500−1920s – 67 years−2010s – 15 years
Dr. Richard Foster, Yale, Sept 2012−Today's rate of change is faster than ever −E.g., prediction is by 2020, > 75% of S&P
500 will be companies we do not know about today
http://www.fastcompany.com/3001444/what-zara-pg-and-berlitz-know-about-agility
The Firm
The Collective
vs
E.g., Microsoft~ Built by employees within
organizational boundaries
E.g., OpenSimulator~ Built by users and distributed freely regardless of affiliation
Models of Knowledge Creation
Teigland, Di Gangi, & Yetis 2012
? ???
From factories to office parks to….
? ???
Here today, gone tomorrow?
The virtuous cycle of innovation
Innovation Exchange
Exchange Trust
Trust RelationshipsRelationships Interaction
Karinda Rhode
aka Robin [email protected]
www.knowledgenetworking.org
www.slideshare.net/eteigland
www.nordicworlds.net RobinTeigland
Photo: Lindholm, Metro
Photo: Nordenskiöld
Photo: Lindqvist
If you love knowledge, set it
free…
Do you have some good case studies to share?
We are looking for examples of interesting developments in Africa related to the content of this presentation to include in our study.
Please contact us if you have something to share or someone else whom you think we should contact.
Twitter: robinteiglandEmail: robin.teigland<at>hhs.se
Thank you very much!!
Some of our related publications
Breaking out of the Bank – a report on the digital currency Bitcoin: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=226370
Crowdfunding in Sweden – a report on the crowdfunding phenomenon in general and the specific case in Sweden: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2289134
eZ Systems and its ecosystem: http://academia.edu/2846771/Are_we_in_this_together_Exploring_private-collective_knowledge_communities
Immersive Internet – a discussion of virtual worlds and the immersive internet: http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?pid=642471
A study of the virtual world organization Peace Train - http://journals.tdl.org/jvwr/index.php/jvwr/article/view/866
User innovation in virtual worlds: http://journals.tdl.org/jvwr/index.php/jvwr/article/view/819
Open Entrepreneurship - Exploring value-creation ecosystems - http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2271529