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THE ATMOSPHERE
COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Was the composition of the atmosphere always the same?
• Was there always oxygen in the atmosphere?
• Evolución composición atmósfera
STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE
• There are 5 layers:– TROPOSPHERE– STRATOSPHERE– MESOSPHERE– TERMOSPHERE– EXOSPHERE
• Sobre las distintas capas– http://recursostic.educacion.es/secundaria/edad/1esobiologia/1quincena5/1q5_contenidos_2a.htm– Video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jv9r7ZCN-DU
• Aurora borealis
• Video aurora borealis
• Video troposphere
• Troposphere– The closest layer to the Earth– Meteorological phenomena take place here– The greenhouse effect– 80% of the gases are in this layer.
• Stratosphere– It contains the ozone layer
• Mesosphere– Falling stars form here
What happens in the..?
• Ionosphere or Termosphere– Aurora borealis and aurora australis (Northern
and Southern lights) are produced here
• Exosphere– The last layer– Very very few air molecules in this layer– No clear boundary between this layer and space
Weather and climate
• Weather:
• is what the forecasters on the TV news predict each day.
Weather conditions include:
• Humidity Amount of water vapour.
• Clouds.
• Precipitacion (rain, snow or hail)
• Temperature (hot or cold air)
• Wind
Atmospheric pressure• The pressure air exerts on a surface.
• Where is it higher, at sea level or at the top of a mountain?
Low and high pressure areas
Air moves from high pressures areas to low pressure areas
• Climate:– is the average weather in a place over
many years. – While the weather can change in just a few
hours, climate takes hundreds, thousands, even millions of years to change.
Factors affecting climate are:• Latitude. How far North or South a place is
from the equator.
Longitude. The East or west position of a point on the Earth´s surface.
• Video explaining latitude.– http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=K2b4iInGYq0
• Longitude video– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3z-
j6tXcLAk#t=10
• Distance from the sea. Coastal areas have milder weather than inland areas.
• Ocean currents.
• Video Ocean currents– http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Hu_Ga0JYFNg
Meteorological instruments• Thermometer:
– measures the air temperature.
• A BAROMETER:– measures air pressure. – It tells you whether or not the pressure is rising or
falling.
– A rising barometer means sunny and dry conditions, while a falling barometer means stormy and wet conditions.
– An Italian scientist named Torricelli built the first barometer in 1643.
• Anemometer– measures wind
speed.
Weather vane/ Wind vane:
– determines the direction from which the wind is blowing.
• Hygrometer– measures the water
vapor content of air.– The humidity.
• Pluviometer– the amount of rain that
has fallen over a specific time period.
What is atmospheric pressure?
• Video instrumentos meteorológicos– http://recursostic.educacion.es/secundaria/ed
ad/1esobiologia/1quincena5/1q5_contenidos_3d.htm
• Animation