Luca Aranda Mendozangela Surez Cordero2B

ENERGY

INDEX

What's energy?

Types of energy.

Energy sources.

Types of power stations.

1. W h a t ' s e n e r g y ?

Energy is the capacity of an object or an element to do a work. The energy of a body can't be created or destroyed.

How to measure the energy:

The energy is measured in joules (J) or Kilojoules (kJ) for larger quantities of energy.

The heat of energy is measured in calories (cal), or Kilocalories (kcal).

1 cal = 4.18 J

2. T y p e s o f e n e r g y.

Types of energy Characteristics

Mechanical energy Kinetic energy is the energy that all objets have when they're moving.

Potential energy is the energy that objets have when they're moved from their stable position of equilibrium.

Electrical energyThe energy that's taken from an electrical current and make the object work.

Electromacnetic energyThe energy that's transported by electromagnetic waves. Luminous energy is generated by the sun or artificial light.

Sound energyThe energy that is transmited by vibrations and sound waves.

Chemical energyThe energy that is stored in substances and can be released or absorbed during its process.

Nuclear energyThe energy that contains the nuclei of atoms and released during nuclear reactions.

Thermal or calorific energyThe energy that comes from vibrations of particles in matter.

3. E n e r g y s o u r c e s.

Energy sources are natural reserves that provide different forms of en.ergy, which is transformed for particular uses.

We use many different energy sources to do work for us. Energy sources are classified into two groups: non-renewable and renewable.

3.1. N o n r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y s o u r c e s.

Non-renewable energy is the energy that are limited and has a recreation very slow, so they need million of years to form.

- Nuclear energy:

ProductionIt is stored in nuclei of atoms. - Nuclear fusion: when two light nuclei join to form a bigger nucleus. - Nuclear fission: when a big nucleus is dividing into two lighter nuclei.

TransformationNuclear power stations use fission energy.The thermal energy liberated from the reaction heats water and the water is convert into vaporized water. It produces electrical energy.

- Coal:

Extraction Open-cast mines: when the coal is near the surface, soil is extracted to expose it.

Underground mines: when the coal is deposited in the earth deep below the surface, it must be mined underground.

Transport By sea: in big ships.

By land: usually by train.

By road: normally by local transport.

Uses For energy: - Now adays: to generate electricity in regular power stations or for central heating systems.- Other uses: -Coke - Pitch and star.

- Petroleum:

Extraction The platform built in thr sea is drilled on land or under the sea.

The petroleum is extracted using pumpsor natural pressure.

The extracted petroleum contains salt water,rock,mud and gas.

Storege and transport Oil tankers are ships designed divided oli into separate safety reasons.

Oil pipelines are enormous pipes that lie above ground on the surface in protected trenches.

Transformation and uses Transformation caused of crude oil are used in industry and heat engines.

Use: fuel, heat engines, fuel oil...

- Natural gas:

ExtractionNatural gas extraction is expensive. It is extracted by drilling.

Storage and transport1. Natural gas is transported from gas fields by gas pipelines.2. The gas is transformed into liquid from LNG.3. It is transported by special ships.4. When the LNG reaches its destination, it is returned into a gaseous state.

UsesTo produce thermal energy in houses and to obtain electrical energy.

3.2. R e n e w a b l e e n e r g y s o u r c e s.

Renewable energy come from infinity naturall resources.Somo of these sources are:

- Hydraulic energy:

Production1. Water is transformed into knetic energy. 2. This energy moves the turbines.3. The alternator transforms the knetic energy into electricity.

Transformation Rivers with a lot of water

Rivers in valleys with high grade.

Advantages It's cheap.

It's clean.

It's non-polluting.

Disadvantages Building power stations is very expensive.

The destroy of villages.

Affects the animal and plant's life in the area.

Catastrophe.

- Solar energy:

Production and transformation To produce hot water by using flat solar thermal greenhouses and swimming pools.

To generate electrical energy using solar energy.

To create electrical energy in heliostat fields.

Advantages Its clean

Big power stations are not needed.

Its infinite.

Disadvantages Sunlight depends on the season, climate ans latitude.

Solar panels are expensive for general use.

- Wind energy :

Production and transformationWind energy is created by the impression of radiation on the atmosphere.When the wind energy causes the edge of wind turbine to move the winds kinetic energy is transformed into electricity.

Advantages Its unlimited and non-polluting.

The coast of construntion and maintaining a wind farm is low.

Disadvantages There are many regions that havent got much wind.

Its are danger for bird.

Wind turbine produce noise pollution.

- Marine energy :

There some means for producting energy from the sea :

Tidial energy can be extracted from the tides.

Wave energy is taking from the movement of the sea wave.

Ocean thermal energy is produced from the difference in temperature between the exterior of the sea and the low sea.

- Geothermal energy :

This energy comes from rhe heat accumulate in the earths crust.If the temperature is under 150 C heat can be produced and if the temperature is over 150 C electricity can be created.

- Biomass :

This is produced from plant remains, forest and agricultural waste, high energy plant and organic waste in waste matter.

4. T y p e s o f p o w e r s t a t i o n s.

A hydraulic power station is a system of interconnected pipelines that carriespressurized liquid that is used to transmit mechanical power from an energy source, ike a pump.

- Hydraulic power station:

- Wind power station:

Wind energy is transformed into a useful form of energy, such as using:- Wind turbines to make electricity.- Windmills for mechanical power.- Windpumps for water pumping.- Sails to propel ships.

A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual of wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission.

- Solar power station:

The solar energy is converted into electricity, if it's directly is used photovoltaics (PV), or if it's indirectly is used concentrated solar power (CSP).

-Nuclear power station:

A nuclear power plant is a thermal power stationin which the heat source is one or more nuclear reactors.The heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a generator which produces electricity.

-Thermal power station:

A thermal power station is a power plant in which the mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and circuit a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator .After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated.

EXTRA WORK

- Do you think wind turbines can produce water?

The answer is easy. Yes.Wind turbines can produce simply drinking water from humid air. One turbine can produce up of 1,000 litres of water per day, but obviously, it depends of the level of humidity that is in the air, the temperature and the wind speeds.

END