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Sub-Saharan Africa Feed Composition Database nutritive values Creating a database In October 2011, SLP formally released the enhanced version of the subSaharan Africa Feeds database – a user friendly searchable database containing information on the nutritive values of 20,913 samples of 566 of the major feeds used in 15 countries in subSaharan Africa (SSA). The database is freely available both on the web (Figure 1)—where it can be downloaded, or on CD (at ILRI –Ethiopia). This is the first time that such a large amount of data on common feeds for livestock in the tropics has been made publically available in this way. www.vslp.org/ssafe ed Figure 1: Home page of the feed database. The nutritional data on livestock feeds made available through 'SSA Feeds' was generated at the Animal Nutrition/Analytical Services Laboratories of the International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The laboratory analyses were performed as described by Osuji et al. (1993) and Ogubai and Sereke (1997). The initial data set used in this software is the same as used by Anindo et al. (1994). However, this data set was modified extensively to exclude duplicate entries and extreme cases of outliers. All feeds were classified into nine 'Feed types‘ (Figure 2). Plant names were identified, whenever possible, using the checklist of names given by Terrell et al. (1986). The initial data set is frequently revised as new data is added. Therefore the nutritive values obtained through this software may differ substantially from those provided by Anindo et al. (1994). Included variables ‘SSA Feeds’ provides data on the following nutritional values: 1. DM of the feeds as they are used in the farm. 2. AAS = Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. 3. FIA = Flow Injection Analysis. References Anindo DO, Said AN and LahlouKassi A. 1994. Chemical composition and nutritive value of feedstuffs for ruminant livestock in subSaharan Africa. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 539 pp. Harris LH. 1970. Nutrition research techniques for domestic and wild animals. Volume 1. Animal Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA. 86 pp. Jenet A. 2004. Longterm and carry over effects of feeding level performance and energy partitioning of Boran (Bos indicus)and Boran × Holstein dairy cattle. PhD thesis. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland. 105 pp. NRC (National Research Council). 1996. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Seventh revised edition. NRC, National Academic Press, Washington, DC, USA. 242 pp. NRC (National Research Council). 2000. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Update 2000. NRC, National Academic Press, Washington, DC, USA. 232 pp. NRC (National Research Council). 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. Seventh revised edition. NRC, National Academic Press, Washington, DC, USA. 381 pp. Ogubai M and Sereke BS. 1997. Analytical methods for feeds, animal excrements and animal tissues. Nutrition Laboratory, ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 90 pp. Osuji PO, Nsahlai IV and Khalili H. 1993. Feed evaluation. ILCA Manual. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Osuji PO, Saarisalo EM, Tegegne A and Umunna NN. 2005. Undernutrition of dairy cattle in smallholder production systems in East Africa. In: Ayantunde AA, FernándezRivera S and McCrabb G (eds), Coping with feed scarcity in smallholder livestock systems in developing countries. Animal Sciences Group, UR, Wageningen, the Netherlands; University of Reading, Reading, UK; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; and ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 97–120. Terrell EE, Hill SR, Wiersema JH and Rice WR. 1986. A checklist of names for 3000 vascular plants of economic importance.Agriculture Handbook 505. US Department of Agriculture, USA. 244 pp. van Soest PJ. 2002. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. O&B Books, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. 374 pp. van Soest PJ and Robertson JB. 1985. Analysis of forages and fibrous feeds. A laboratory manual for animal science 613. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. 202 pp. Why a feed database? Livestock often represent a major asset for smallholder farmers across the developing world. With an increasing demand for animal products led by growing populations, urbanisation and dietary changes, feed has become a constraint for farmers to improve livestock production. However, while feed quality often remains low, demand and prices of feed keep rising. This reinforces the need for more efficient feed production and use. The aim of this database is to enable extension, development and research agents to design scientificallybased and bestcost rations for meat, dairy and draught animals of smallscale African farmers. As their livestock assets are healthier and better nourished, these farmers become more foodsecure and are able to increase their income from animal products. Figure 2: Feed types Potential results After selecting the type of feed (Figure 3), results are given either per sample of the same feed and crop type (Figure 4), as a summary of all the samples of the same plant part (Figure 5) or they can be exported as a csv table. Figure 4: Example of results per sample of same feed and crop type. This useful information tool was created as a joint effort of SLP, the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), the Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), Texas A&M University and the Ethiopian Sanitary & Phytosanitary Standards and Livestock & Meat Marketing Program (SPSLMM) with funding from USAID. The information can now be used to improve the feed formulation to support livestock development in Ethiopia and throughout SSA. A poster has also been compiled on the nutritive values of the most commonly used feeds in Ethiopia to disseminate the information widely in Ethiopia. Data sources Figure 5: Example of summary results sample of same crop type and plant part. Figure 3: Example of feed within a feed type. Poster prepared by D Valbuena, Duncan AJ, Hanson J. 2011. CGIAR

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Page 1: Sub-Saharan Africa feed composition database: Nutritive values

Sub-Saharan Africa Feed Composition Databasenutritive values

Creating a databaseIn October 2011, SLP  formally  released the  enhanced  version  of  the  sub‐Saharan Africa Feeds database – a user friendly searchable database containing information  on  the  nutritive  values  of 20,913  samples of  566  of  the  major feeds  used  in  15  countries  in  sub‐Saharan  Africa  (SSA).  The  database  is freely available both on the web (Figure 1)—where it can be downloaded, or on CD  (at  ILRI  –Ethiopia).  This  is  the  first time  that  such  a  large  amount of data on  common  feeds  for  livestock  in  the tropics  has  been  made  publically available in this way. 

www.vslp.org/ssafe

ed

Figure 1: Home page of the feed database.

The nutritional data on  livestock  feeds made available  through 'SSA  Feeds'  was  generated  at  the  Animal  Nutrition/Analytical Services  Laboratories  of  the  International  Livestock  Centre  for Africa  (ILCA)  and  the  International  Livestock  Research  Institute(ILRI)  in  Addis  Ababa,  Ethiopia.  The  laboratory  analyses  were performed  as  described  by Osuji et  al.  (1993)  and Ogubai and Sereke (1997). 

The  initial data set used  in this software  is the same as used byAnindo et  al.  (1994).  However,  this  data  set  was  modified extensively  to  exclude  duplicate  entries  and  extreme  cases  of outliers. All  feeds were  classified  into nine  'Feed  types‘ (Figure 2). Plant  names  were  identified,  whenever  possible,  using  the checklist of names given by Terrell et al.  (1986). The  initial data set  is  frequently  revised  as  new  data  is  added.  Therefore  the nutritive  values  obtained  through  this  software  may  differ substantially from those provided by Anindo et al. (1994).

Included variables‘SSA Feeds’ provides data on the following nutritional values:

1. DM of the feeds as they are used in the farm.2. AAS = Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.3. FIA = Flow Injection Analysis.

ReferencesAnindo DO, Said AN and Lahlou‐Kassi A. 1994. Chemical composition and nutritive value of feedstuffs for ruminant livestock in sub‐Saharan Africa. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 539 pp. Harris LH. 1970. Nutrition research techniques for domestic and wild animals. Volume 1. Animal Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA. 86 pp. Jenet A. 2004. Long‐term and carry over effects of feeding level performance and energy partitioning of Boran (Bos indicus)and Boran × Holstein dairy cattle. PhD thesis. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland. 105 pp. NRC (National Research Council). 1996. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Seventh revised edition. NRC, National Academic Press, Washington, DC, USA. 242 pp. NRC (National Research Council). 2000. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Update 2000. NRC, National Academic Press, Washington, DC, USA. 232 pp. NRC (National Research Council). 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. Seventh revised edition. NRC, National Academic Press, Washington, DC, USA. 381 pp. OgubaiM and Sereke BS. 1997. Analytical methods for feeds, animal excrements and animal tissues. Nutrition Laboratory, ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 90 pp. Osuji PO, Nsahlai IV and Khalili H. 1993. Feed evaluation. ILCA Manual. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Osuji PO, Saarisalo EM, Tegegne A and UmunnaNN. 2005. Undernutrition of dairy cattle in smallholder production systems in East Africa. In: Ayantunde AA, Fernández‐Rivera S and McCrabb G (eds), Coping with feed scarcity in smallholder livestock systems in developing countries. Animal Sciences Group, UR, Wageningen, the Netherlands; University of Reading, Reading, UK; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; and ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 97–120. Terrell EE, Hill SR, Wiersema JH and Rice WR. 1986. A checklist of names for 3000 vascular plants of economic importance.Agriculture Handbook 505. US Department of Agriculture, USA. 244 pp. van Soest PJ. 2002. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. O&B Books, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. 374 pp. van Soest PJ and Robertson JB. 1985. Analysis of forages and fibrous feeds. A laboratory manual for animal science 613. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. 202 pp.

Why  a  feed database?Livestock often represent a major asset for  smallholder  farmers  across  the developing  world.  With  an  increasing demand  for  animal  products  led  by growing  populations,  urbanisation  and dietary  changes,  feed  has  become  a constraint  for  farmers  to  improve livestock  production.    However,  while feed quality often remains low, demand and  prices  of  feed  keep  rising.  This reinforces  the  need  for more  efficient feed  production  and  use.  The  aim  of this  database  is  to  enable  extension, development  and  research  agents  to design scientifically‐based and best‐cost rations  for  meat,  dairy  and  draught animals  of  small‐scale  African  farmers. As  their  livestock  assets  are  healthier and  better  nourished,  these  farmers become more food‐secure and are able to  increase  their  income  from  animal products.

Figure 2: Feed types

Potential resultsAfter  selecting  the  type of  feed  (Figure 3),  results are given either per  sample of  the same feed and crop type (Figure 4), as a summary of all the samples of the same plant part (Figure 5) or they can be exported as a csv table. 

Figure 4: Example of results per sample of same feed and crop type.

This useful  information  tool was  created as a  joint effort of  SLP,  the  International Livestock  Research  Institute  (ILRI),  the Ethiopian  Institute  of  Agricultural Research (EIAR), the Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture  (MoA), Texas A&M University and  the  Ethiopian  Sanitary  & Phytosanitary Standards  and  Livestock & Meat Marketing Program (SPS‐LMM) with funding  from USAID. The  information can now  be  used  to  improve  the  feed formulation  to  support  livestock development  in  Ethiopia  and  throughout SSA. A poster has also been compiled on the  nutritive  values  of  the  most commonly  used  feeds  in  Ethiopia  to disseminate  the  information  widely  in Ethiopia.

Data sources

Figure 5: Example of summary results sample of same crop type and plant part.

Figure 3: Example of feed within a feed type.

Poster prepared by D Valbuena, Duncan AJ, Hanson J. 2011. CGIAR