South Asia: A closer lookSouth Asia: A closer look

Pakistan Bangladesh

Pakistan Bangladesh

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Why would these countries be grouped together?

Why would these countries be grouped together?

Cultural similarities: Islam; both countries formed because of the partition of British India

Young countries with ancient historyHarappa, Mohenjo-Daro - cities of 2500

BC (ancient Indus Valley civilization)

Cultural similarities: Islam; both countries formed because of the partition of British India

Young countries with ancient historyHarappa, Mohenjo-Daro - cities of 2500

BC (ancient Indus Valley civilization)

The PartitionThe Partition1947 - division of British India led to

formation of West and East PakistanPartition led to much violence between

Muslims and Hindus (app. 1 million people died)…Hindus to India, Muslims to Pakistan

West and East Pakistan of 1947 held religious bond, but 1,100 mile separation drove them apart…could it have survived?

East Pakistan wanted own state, West Pakistan refused - civil war in ‘71

India helped East Pakistan win independence and in 1972 became Bangladesh

Kashmir conflict…more to come

1947 - division of British India led to formation of West and East Pakistan

Partition led to much violence between Muslims and Hindus (app. 1 million people died)…Hindus to India, Muslims to Pakistan

West and East Pakistan of 1947 held religious bond, but 1,100 mile separation drove them apart…could it have survived?

East Pakistan wanted own state, West Pakistan refused - civil war in ‘71

India helped East Pakistan win independence and in 1972 became Bangladesh

Kashmir conflict…more to come

Country InfoCountry InfoCategory Pakistan Bangladesh

Official Language

Urdu Bengali

Population +170 million +150 million

GDP +410 billion +70 billion

GDP per capita + $2,500 US + $1,300 US

Government Islamic Republic

Parliamentary Republic

Political Leader President: Asif Ali ZardariPrime Minister: Yousaf Raza Gillani

President: Iajuddin AhmedPrime Minister: Sheikh Hasina

Total Area + 340,000 sq. m.

+55,000 sq. mi.

Economy Base Agr. 20%, Ser. 53% Agr. 60%, Garment Ind.

Jute in BangladeshJute in BangladeshGrows about 4 feet, useful fiber, makes

burlap bags for shipping produce also clothing, twine, rugs

Grows about 4 feet, useful fiber, makes burlap bags for shipping produce also clothing, twine, rugs

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Agriculture in Pakistan and Bangladesh

Agriculture in Pakistan and Bangladesh

A need to modernize farming methods

Struggles with arid climate (Pakistan) and unpredictable monsoons (Bangladesh)

Indus Valley irrigation keyRice in Bangladesh

A need to modernize farming methods

Struggles with arid climate (Pakistan) and unpredictable monsoons (Bangladesh)

Indus Valley irrigation keyRice in Bangladesh

Small IndustrySmall Industry

Microcredit: loans available to entrepreneurs; joint responsibility for repayment

Microcredit: loans available to entrepreneurs; joint responsibility for repayment

Culture in Pakistan and BangladeshCulture in Pakistan and Bangladesh Both lands part of Mughal Empire Islamic influence: Ramadan Pakistan seems to more strict with imposing Islamic laws - purdah

- seclusion of women (must wear veils, little to no contact with men who are not relatives)

Pakistan - ethnically diverse - 5 groups: Punjabis (half of population), Sindhis, Pathans, Muhajirs, Balochs

Urdu is official language, but many languages are spoken Bangladesh - mostly Bengalis (Bengali is language based on

Sanskrit) Typically arranged marriages, family priority Soccer, cricket popular sports Poetry very popular (Islamic tradition?)…poetry readings:

mushairas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oeRiN6BQRU&feature=related

Rabindranath Tagore - Bangladesh poet who won Nobel Prize for literature in 1913 - “My Golden Bengal” national anthem

Qawwali - form of devotional singing performed by Sufis

Both lands part of Mughal Empire Islamic influence: Ramadan Pakistan seems to more strict with imposing Islamic laws - purdah

- seclusion of women (must wear veils, little to no contact with men who are not relatives)

Pakistan - ethnically diverse - 5 groups: Punjabis (half of population), Sindhis, Pathans, Muhajirs, Balochs

Urdu is official language, but many languages are spoken Bangladesh - mostly Bengalis (Bengali is language based on

Sanskrit) Typically arranged marriages, family priority Soccer, cricket popular sports Poetry very popular (Islamic tradition?)…poetry readings:

mushairas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oeRiN6BQRU&feature=related

Rabindranath Tagore - Bangladesh poet who won Nobel Prize for literature in 1913 - “My Golden Bengal” national anthem

Qawwali - form of devotional singing performed by Sufis

KashmirKashmirThe 1947 partition brought on another

dilemma: who will control Kashmir? Located at foot of Himalayas -

surrounded by India, Pakistan, ChinaRegion, not a cityKashmir valley - Indian; Jammu and

Azad Kashmir - Indian and Pakistani control; Northern Area - Pakistani control; Aksai Chin - Chinese control

What are effects of this dispute?

The 1947 partition brought on another dilemma: who will control Kashmir?

Located at foot of Himalayas - surrounded by India, Pakistan, China

Region, not a cityKashmir valley - Indian; Jammu and

Azad Kashmir - Indian and Pakistani control; Northern Area - Pakistani control; Aksai Chin - Chinese control

What are effects of this dispute?

A closer look at KashmirA closer look at KashmirRead and answer questions to

better understand the dispute and the factors involved?

Video on Kashmir: http://youtube.com/watch?v=CNM92scQJNg&feature=channel_page and http://youtube.com/watch?v=3QQBKqn7y1s&feature=channel

Read and answer questions to better understand the dispute and the factors involved?

Video on Kashmir: http://youtube.com/watch?v=CNM92scQJNg&feature=channel_page and http://youtube.com/watch?v=3QQBKqn7y1s&feature=channel

South Asia: A closer look South Asia: A closer look

Nepal Bhutan

Nepal Bhutan

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National FlagsNational Flags

Nepal Bhutan Nepal Bhutan

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A look at the two countriesA look at the two countriesInformation Nepal Bhutan

Government Republic Parliamentary

Monarchy

Language Nepali Dzongkha

Population App. 29 million + 675,000

Total Area + 56,000 sq mi

+ 18,000 sq mi

GDP per capita $377 US $1,840 US

Economy 76% of people agr., 18% ser.,6% man.

80% agr., industry also

Religion 80% Hindu, 10% Buddhist

Buddhism

Mountain KingdomsMountain KingdomsMountainous terrain = isolated historiesNeither country has access to the seaElevation - majority of country is over 2,000

meters highLittle suitable land for agricultureTerraces created on mountainsides: rice, corn,

potatoes, wheat; livestock: cattle, sheep, yaksTimber very important resource -

deforestation still a problemTourism is growing: climbing Himalayas,

positive and negative - creates economy AND damages environment - Bhutan only allows a certain number of tourists yearly

Mountainous terrain = isolated historiesNeither country has access to the seaElevation - majority of country is over 2,000

meters highLittle suitable land for agricultureTerraces created on mountainsides: rice, corn,

potatoes, wheat; livestock: cattle, sheep, yaksTimber very important resource -

deforestation still a problemTourism is growing: climbing Himalayas,

positive and negative - creates economy AND damages environment - Bhutan only allows a certain number of tourists yearly

Cultural TraditionsCultural Traditions In Nepal: Indo-Nepalese Hindus whose ancestors

came from India; most speak Nepali, a variation of Sanskrit; also Tibetan ancestry - Sherpas - today traditional mountain guides of Everest region; multilingual, multiethnic nation because of migrations from India and China; newari music; was once a absolute monarchy, then became a parliamentary monarchy, then in May of 2008 a republic

In Bhutan: main ethnic group is the Bhote, who trace origins to Tibet; most live in 2-story houses - family on second, livestock on first; use flutes, drum, long brass horns, elaborate customs, colorful textiles with silk, cotton, wool;rich Buddhist tradition; rigsar music

In Nepal: Indo-Nepalese Hindus whose ancestors came from India; most speak Nepali, a variation of Sanskrit; also Tibetan ancestry - Sherpas - today traditional mountain guides of Everest region; multilingual, multiethnic nation because of migrations from India and China; newari music; was once a absolute monarchy, then became a parliamentary monarchy, then in May of 2008 a republic

In Bhutan: main ethnic group is the Bhote, who trace origins to Tibet; most live in 2-story houses - family on second, livestock on first; use flutes, drum, long brass horns, elaborate customs, colorful textiles with silk, cotton, wool;rich Buddhist tradition; rigsar music

ReligionReligion A closer look at Buddhism:

Founder? - Siddhartha Gautama, born in present-day Nepal and India in 6th century B.C.; Buddhism grew in Nepal, but later replaced by Hinduism

Buddhism in this region: Mahayana Where else practiced: Bhutan, China, Korea, Japan, Tibet,

Vietnam, Nepal, Taiwan, Mongolia Characteristics: started in India in 1st century BCE; Zen

Buddhism, Pure Land Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism are all forms of Mahayana Buddhism

Main idea(?): Mahayana Buddhists strive to be, “saints who have become enlightened but who unselfishly delay nirvana to help others attain it as well, as the Buddha did. Perhaps more significantly for one who would choose between the paths, Mahayana Buddhists teach that enlightenment can be attained in a single lifetime, and this can be accomplished even by a layperson. The various subdivisions within the Mahayana tradition, such as Zen, Nichiren, and Pure Land, promote different ways of attaining this goal, but all are agreed that it can be attained in a single lifetime by anyone who puts his or her mind (and sometimes body) to it” (from BBC http://www.religionfacts.com/buddhism/sects/mahayana.htm)

A closer look at Buddhism: Founder? - Siddhartha Gautama, born in present-day Nepal

and India in 6th century B.C.; Buddhism grew in Nepal, but later replaced by Hinduism

Buddhism in this region: Mahayana Where else practiced: Bhutan, China, Korea, Japan, Tibet,

Vietnam, Nepal, Taiwan, Mongolia Characteristics: started in India in 1st century BCE; Zen

Buddhism, Pure Land Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism are all forms of Mahayana Buddhism

Main idea(?): Mahayana Buddhists strive to be, “saints who have become enlightened but who unselfishly delay nirvana to help others attain it as well, as the Buddha did. Perhaps more significantly for one who would choose between the paths, Mahayana Buddhists teach that enlightenment can be attained in a single lifetime, and this can be accomplished even by a layperson. The various subdivisions within the Mahayana tradition, such as Zen, Nichiren, and Pure Land, promote different ways of attaining this goal, but all are agreed that it can be attained in a single lifetime by anyone who puts his or her mind (and sometimes body) to it” (from BBC http://www.religionfacts.com/buddhism/sects/mahayana.htm)

The few differences may be that in Hinduism a follower lives for reincarnation to improve one’s dharma (through karma) while in Buddhism a follower lives to seek for nirvana, which is attainable in one’s lifetime.

Mahayana Buddhism uses rituals, icons, sacred objects in practice

Scripture: Sutras - actual words of Buddha - the Dhammapada, the Tipitaka, many sutras (or suttas) in different versions

The few differences may be that in Hinduism a follower lives for reincarnation to improve one’s dharma (through karma) while in Buddhism a follower lives to seek for nirvana, which is attainable in one’s lifetime.

Mahayana Buddhism uses rituals, icons, sacred objects in practice

Scripture: Sutras - actual words of Buddha - the Dhammapada, the Tipitaka, many sutras (or suttas) in different versions

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Buddhism and the WestBuddhism and the WestBuddhism has become a growing

religion in the Western world. Influential reasons: politics in Tibet, the

Dalai Lama, the internet, the Vietnam war, baby-boom generation, yoga

Influential works: by Pema Chodron, Thubten Chodron

Buddhism has become a growing religion in the Western world.

Influential reasons: politics in Tibet, the Dalai Lama, the internet, the Vietnam war, baby-boom generation, yoga

Influential works: by Pema Chodron, Thubten Chodron

South Asia: A closer lookSouth Asia: A closer lookSri Lanka the

MaldivesSri Lanka the

Maldives

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National FlagsNational FlagsSri Lanka the

MaldivesSri Lanka the

Maldives

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A common bond?A common bond?These areas have been major ports for

ships from all over the worldBoth have close ties to the Indian

subcontinent, but very distinct histories

These areas have been major ports for ships from all over the world

Both have close ties to the Indian subcontinent, but very distinct histories

Sri Lanka The Maldives

Government Democratic Socialist Republic

Presidential Republic

GDP per capita $1,623 US $3,066 US

Economy Textiles, garments +60%; agric. 15%

Tourism 30%; fishing; industry

Language Sinhala, Tamil Dhivehi

Total Area 25,332 sq mi 115 sq mi

Population +21 million +350,000

Religion 70% Theravada Buddhist

Predominately Muslim

At a glance: Sri LankaAt a glance: Sri Lanka People “arrived” to island from India in around 6th century BCE - the Sinhalese -

these people were not the native inhabitants, however Buddhism was adopted by culture In 4th century the Tamils (Dravidian Hindus from southern India) “arrived”; the

Tamils inhabited the north, while the Sinhalese moved to the southern end of the island

Europeans “arrived” in 16th century - Portuguese, Dutch, then British (and called it Ceylon); independence was won in 1972

After independence tensions grew between Tamils and Sinhalese; 1980s civil war Full of flora and fauna; tropical climate; was plantation site for colonizers; Today government is mixture of presidential and parliamentary systems Has major national railway system Cinema very popular; rivals Bollywood? Has oldest radio station in Asia One of most literate populations of developing nations National sport - volleyball; most popular - cricket (1996 World Cup champions) Very ethnically diverse nation: besides Tamil Hindus and Sinhalese Buddhists also

Muslims and Christians (of mixed European descent known as Burghers) Many Sri Lankans live in small villages and towns Religious structures (temples, churches, mosques) cover landscape of country Dancing: Kandyan - tells stories of local kings and heroes; also yearly Perahera

festival Economic strengths: large amount of land designated for agriculture - rice, tea;

famous for gemstones; tourism is important economy boost, but wars have plagued this type of revenue

People “arrived” to island from India in around 6th century BCE - the Sinhalese - these people were not the native inhabitants, however

Buddhism was adopted by culture In 4th century the Tamils (Dravidian Hindus from southern India) “arrived”; the

Tamils inhabited the north, while the Sinhalese moved to the southern end of the island

Europeans “arrived” in 16th century - Portuguese, Dutch, then British (and called it Ceylon); independence was won in 1972

After independence tensions grew between Tamils and Sinhalese; 1980s civil war Full of flora and fauna; tropical climate; was plantation site for colonizers; Today government is mixture of presidential and parliamentary systems Has major national railway system Cinema very popular; rivals Bollywood? Has oldest radio station in Asia One of most literate populations of developing nations National sport - volleyball; most popular - cricket (1996 World Cup champions) Very ethnically diverse nation: besides Tamil Hindus and Sinhalese Buddhists also

Muslims and Christians (of mixed European descent known as Burghers) Many Sri Lankans live in small villages and towns Religious structures (temples, churches, mosques) cover landscape of country Dancing: Kandyan - tells stories of local kings and heroes; also yearly Perahera

festival Economic strengths: large amount of land designated for agriculture - rice, tea;

famous for gemstones; tourism is important economy boost, but wars have plagued this type of revenue

At a glance: the MaldivesAt a glance: the Maldives Originally “settled” by Buddhists and Hindus from Sri

Lanka and India around 6th century BCE; later - Arab traders influenced area - 12th century island converted to Islam; dynasties ran by sultans

1968 became a republic Language is unique to the Maldives Islam is the only state religion and only religion

allowed Bodu beru music - strong African influence

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_mQqRiKafG4&feature=related

“lowest” country in the world Greenhouse effect a real concern for this island

nation Tourism is huge economic booster!

Originally “settled” by Buddhists and Hindus from Sri Lanka and India around 6th century BCE; later - Arab traders influenced area - 12th century island converted to Islam; dynasties ran by sultans

1968 became a republic Language is unique to the Maldives Islam is the only state religion and only religion

allowed Bodu beru music - strong African influence

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_mQqRiKafG4&feature=related

“lowest” country in the world Greenhouse effect a real concern for this island

nation Tourism is huge economic booster!