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Lecture - DM110 Emerging Web Media - National University of Ireland, Galway - October 2008
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Chapter Copyright 2008 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved.
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Social Media and Web 2.0
DM110 Emerging Web Media20th October 2008
Alexandre Passant <[email protected]>Digital Enterprise Research Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Introductions
Alexandre Passant Postdoctoral researcher DERI, NUI Galway Social Software cluster
Research Interests Web 2.0 and Social Media Semantic Web and Linked Data Combining both to provide advanced / intelligent services on
the Web for end-users
What about you ?
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Previous lectures
Overview of the World Wide Web History and technical architecture, HTML programming
Publishing content on the Web Content Management Systems, Drupal case-study
Digital media Formats for multi-media content on the Web
XML and XHTML Validating HTML and going further with XHTML
Translating data from one format to another one RSS to aggregate data, XSLT to translate it
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But ...
Is there a way to publish data on the Web without high-level technical skills ? Focus on the content rather than on the technical issues A large-scale writable-Web
How to use the Web as a medium to share data and get new relationships ? The Web as a platform On-line social networking
This is exactly what this lecture is about !
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Agenda
General introduction to Social Media and Web 2.0
Blogs Wikis Media-sharing and Online Social Networking Overview of various Web 2.0 services Licensing issues Web 1.0 / Web 2.0 / Semantic Web
Assignments Hands-on sessions during the lecture
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From the Web to a “Social Web”
The New Yorker, 1993
“On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.”
6
From the Web to a “Social Web”
The New Yorker, 1993
“On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.”
The New Yorker, 2005
“I had my own blog for a while, but I decided to go back to just
pointless, incessant barking.”
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What is Social Media ?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media “Social media uses the ‘wisdom of crowds’ to connect
information in a collaborative manner.” “Social media can take many different forms, including
message boards, weblogs, wikis, podcasts, pictures and video.”
Popular examples (details later) Wikipedia, Flickr, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Upcoming,
SecondLife, Digg, del.cio.us, 43things ...
Related terms Web 2.0, Social Web, social software, Social networks, social bookmarking, user-generated content
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What is Web 2.0 ?
A term made popular by Tim O’Reilly http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/
2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html “A set of principles and practices that tie together a veritable
solar system of sites that demonstrate some or all of those principles, at a varying distance from that core.”
... but also a copyrighted term for conferences
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Web 2.0 principles (O’Reilly)
The Web as a platform Harnessing collective intelligence Data is the next “Intel Inside” End of the software release cycle Lightweight programming models Software above the level of a single device Rich user experiences
The long tail
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Web 2.0 meme map
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Web 2.0 tagcloud
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Social Media in simple terms
Users Content Tags Interactivity
Users post content Users share content Users tag content Users comment content
Users browse content via tags Users connect directly
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How many Web 2.0 services ?
A lot ! See http://techcrunch.com But some of them may not survive ...
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Weblogs and weblogging
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What is a blog ?
A blog, or weblog (web log) is an online journal “A web application which contains periodic time-stamped
posts on a common (usually open-access) webpage” Posts are often shown in reverse chronological order Usually, blog posts can be commented by the readers Generally features RSS feeds to syndicate latest news
A wide range of use-cases: Individual diaries, group blogs on technical topics Political campaigns, media programs and corporations
(e.g. the Google Blog)
Grassroots journalism Well-known bloggers may even blog as a daily-job
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Anatomy of a weblog (frontend)
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Anatomy of a weblog (backend)
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State of the blogosphere
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Why ? Who ? How ?
http://technorati.com/blogging/state-of-the-blogosphere/
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Tagging blog posts
A simple for user-generated classification Anyone can use his own term No need to learn a predefined vocabulary Evolves among time, thanks to users themselves
Tagging A tripartite relationship between a User, a Resource, a Tag
Folksonomy The result of tagging actions in a given platform Tagclouds allow visual representation of folksonomies
As we will see later, many media-sharing platform also extensively use tagging
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Serendipity through tagging
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How to discover blogs ?
Lots of people blog, but data is spread on the Web By nature, the Web is distributed, so is weblogging Anyone can create a weblog, but how to find it ?
Blogrolls and hyperlinks Will help to find related blogs from a particular one
Dedicated search engines Technorati - http://techorati.com Google Blogsearch - http://blogsearch.google.com
Using those search engines, you can then use your RSS aggregators to follow interesting news On-line aggregators, e.g. http://google.com/reader Desktop applications, e.g. http://netnewswire.com
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Create your own blog !
Free online services blogger.com, wordpress.com ...
Open-source tools WordPress, B2Evolution ... You will need you own hosting space on the Web,
generally with ability to embeds PHP in webpages and MySQL for data storage
Some CMS also offer blogging capabilities Drupal, Joomla ... You may need to install a particular blogging module
Let’s create your own blog ! On wordpress.com
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Wikis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki A wiki is a page or collection of Web pages designed to enable
anyone who accesses it to contribute or modify content, using a simplified markup language.[1][2] Wikis are often used to create collaborative websites and to power community websites.
WikiWikiWeb (http://c2.com/cgi/wiki) was the first site to be called a wiki. Ward Cunningham started developing WikiWikiWeb in 1994,
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Wiki principles
A wiki is an informational resource, like a reference manual, encyclopedia, or handbook The most famous is Wikipedia, a highly used, online, free-
access encyclopedia It amasses to a group of web pages that allows
users to add content and also allows others to edit the content: It relies on cooperation, checks and balances of its
members, and a belief in sharing of ideas Contrary to weblogs, wikis focus on community agreement
rather than on personal views of a topic This creates a community effort in resource and
information management, disseminating the 'voice' amongst many instead of concentrating it upon few
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What are wikis used for ?
Lots of various use-cases online encyclopaedias free dictionaries book repositories event management software development writing research papers project proposals
But be careful What is said in a wiki is not
necessary the truth ! Always check other information sources
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Anatomy of Wikipedia
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Anatomy of Wikipedia
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Anatomy of Wikipedia
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Wiki editing and auto-regulation
In a Wiki, anyone can edit exiting content, create new pages, and delete existing content WikiWords are used to create new pages and a simple
syntax allows to write pages without HTML A versioning mechanism allows to browse and retrieve
older versions to avoid vandalism
Auto-regulation People voluntary maintain the wiki to avoid vandalism Let’s try !
– Choose a Wikipedia page regarding a topic that you like– Edit the page and add a personal comment, without any
encyclopedic value (e.g. “This movie rocks, I’ve seen it ten times”)
– Let’s come back in 20 minutes ...
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Media Sharing and OSN
Many Web 2.0 websites allow to upload and share data: Pictures, Videos, Slides, Events, Playlists, Bookmarks, ... Tag content so that it can be discovered
Most of them include an online social-networking (OSN) component Meet people because you share the same interests Object-centric social networking
While some websites are pure OSN Meet people through others Various purposes: dating, friendship, business contacts
We will see various examples now !
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Last.fm use-case
Create an account http://last.fm/
Share your musical tastes Plug-ins for iTunes and iPod
Discover new content Based on what you’re listening to
Find people you may like Because you’re listening to the same bands And create your social network
Announce concerts, subscribe to events Chat with people online before you meet them in real life
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Last.fm use-case
Create an account http://last.fm/
Share your musical tastes Plug-ins for iTunes and iPod
Discover new content Based on what you’re listening to
Find people you may like Because you’re listening to the same bands And create your social network
Announce concerts, subscribe to events Chat with people online before you meet them in real life
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Last.fm use-case
Create an account http://last.fm/
Share your musical tastes Plug-ins for iTunes and iPod
Discover new content Based on what you’re listening to
Find people you may like Because you’re listening to the same bands And create your social network
Announce concerts, subscribe to events Chat with people online before you meet them in real life
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Connecting things ... and people
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Connecting things ... and people
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Online Social Networking
While the previous websites feature social-networking components, this is not their main purpose You can use them only to publish / discover data
Some websites are pure Social Networking: Friendships and relationships Offline meetings Curiosity about others Business opportunities and hob hunting
They allow a user to create and maintain an online network of close friends or business associates for social and professional reasons
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Other Web 2.0 services
Blogs, wikis, OSN and media sharing are the most popular form of Social Media websites
But many other services are available on the Web Microblogging Videoblogging Podcasting Social Aggregators ...
Mash-ups will allow to combine data from various Web 2.0 services to create your own Eg: Display upcoming concerts on a GoogleMap
– Topic of our next lectures
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Microblogging ?
Short updates of your activity lifestream Publish from various devices and share it to anyone A new form of agile communication
Twitter.com The most famous microblogging website 140 characters max per update
Let’s try Go to http://twitter.com and create an account Start publishing some data that will be available on your
public timeline http://twitter.com/myusername Find people that you want to follow
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Social Aggregators
How to let people browse my social data from a single entry point Social aggregators can help
– Eg: FriendFeed
We will see in our next lecture how the Semantic Web can provide alternatives, but thanks to open standards and process
Privacy issues What do you want to publish ? Who can access it ?
– Do you really want your lecturer to see your latest party pictures ?
Work still must be done in that direction !
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Licensing issues
When you publish content online, you may allow people to reuse it, but you want to keep some kind of ownership So that your work can be recognized Licensing does not unallow to give your work ‘for free’
– E.g.: Free-source software licenses (GPL ...)
Creative Commons - http://creativecommons.org Share, Remix, Reuse — Legally Decide what people can do with your content
– Reuse it ? Edit it ? Sell it ?
6 different contracts Some bands put their songs using a CC-licence
– http://jamendo.com
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Creative Commons
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Find, identify and re-use CC content
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Find, identify and re-use CC content
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Find, identify and re-use CC content
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Find, identify and re-use CC content
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Web 1.0 / Web 2.0
Web 1.0 Web 2.0
Platforms Netscape, Internet Explorer Google Services, AJAX, Flock
Web Pages Personal Websites Blogs
Portals Content Management Systems Wikis
Encyclopediæ Britannica Online Wikipedia
Talk Netmeeting Skype, Asterisk
Knowledge Directories, Taxonomies Tagging, Folksonomies
Referencing Stickiness Syndication
Content Akamai BitTorrent, P2P
Events Evite Upcoming.org
(updated from O’Reilly)
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... 2.0 or 0.1 ?
“Web 2.0” is not far from the initial idea of the Web “The idea was that anybody who used the web would have
a space where they could write and so the first browser was an editor, it was a writer as well as a reader. Every person who used the web had the ability to write something. [...] When you write a blog, you don't write complicated hypertext, you just write text, so I'm very, very happy to see that now it's gone in the direction of becoming more of a creative medium” - Tim Berners-Lee - Interview with the BBC (2005) - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4132752.stm
We’ll see in our next lecture that the (Social) Semantic Web is even more near from the initial vision of the Web !
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Assignment
Choose a particular project / interest that you have Describe and implement your Social Media strategy
to promote it to a worldwide audience ! Define and argue which tools you will use (blogs, OSN ...) Then create some account(s) and publish content ... keep
it alive if you can, and you might be able to create a community around it !
Finally, provide a single entry point so that people can discover all your Social Media regarding to that topic content from a single entry point
– HTML document with links to different sources, aggregated RSS feeds, FriendFeed accout ...
mailto: [email protected] before 09 Nov.
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Credits
Some slides based on: Last year lectures by John Breslin Social Semantic Web tutorials
– WWW2008– RWSS2008
CC-Pictures: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:HNL_Wiki_Wiki_Bus.jpg http://flickr.com/photos/laughingsquid/462105429/ http://flickr.com/photos/stabilo-boss/93136022/