Routing in Drupal 8

July 31, 2014

Nice to Meet You!

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Kalpana GoelDeveloper

William HurleyManager, Technical

Development

Routes basically are the mappings between URL paths and their corresponding page and access callbacks.

What is a route?

What’s Changed

hook_menu defines the routing in Drupal 7

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1:1 mapping of path to route

hook_menu is dead in 8.0.x

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There is no hook_menu in Drupal 8!

MODULENAME.routing.yml

One path may map to multiple routes

Why the Change?

D7 hook_menu

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● Routing (page and access callbacks)● Menu links● Local actions● Local tasks● Breadcrumbs● Contextual links● Title● Weight

*.links.actin.ml *.links.contexual.yml

Basic Example

D7: hook_menu()

function user_menu() { $items['user/logout'] = array( 'title' => 'Log out', 'access callback' => 'user_is_logged_in', 'page callback' => 'user_logout', 'weight' => 10, 'menu_name' => 'user-menu', 'file' => 'user.pages.inc', );

return $items;}

D8: Routing

user.routing.yml

user.logout: path: '/user/logout' defaults: _controller: '\Drupal\user\Controller\UserController::logout' requirements: _user_is_logged_in: 'TRUE'

D7: page callback

/** * Menu callback; logs the current user out, and redirects to the home page. */function user_logout() { global $user;

watchdog('user', 'Session closed for %name.', array('%name' => $user->name));

module_invoke_all('user_logout', $user);

// Destroy the current session, and reset $user to the anonymous user. session_destroy();

drupal_goto();}

D8: Controller

namespace Drupal\user\Controller;

class UserController extends ControllerBase {

public function logout() { user_logout(); return $this->redirect('<front>'); }

Path Variables

D8: Path (required)

For dynamic properties, you can include them in curly braces. For example - ‘/admin/structure/views/{js}/display/{view}/{display_id}/{type}'The {display_id} element in the URL is called a slug and is available as $display_id in the controller method.

D8: dynamic path exampleviews_ui.form_display: path: '/admin/structure/views/{js}/display/{view}/{display_id}/{type}' defaults: _content: '\Drupal\views_ui\Form\Ajax\Display::getForm'

class Display extends ViewsFormBase { public function getForm(ViewStorageInterface $view, $display_id, $js, $type = NULL) { $this->setType($type); return parent::getForm($view, $display_id, $js); }

D8: Optional Attributes

user.cancel_confirm: path: '/user/{user}/cancel/confirm/{timestamp}/{hashed_pass}' defaults: _title: 'Confirm account cancellation' _content: '\Drupal\user\Controller\UserController::confirmCancel' timestamp: 0 hashed_pass: ''

D8: Page Title

user.view: path: '/user/{user}' defaults: _entity_view: 'user.full' _title_callback: 'Drupal\user\Controller\UserController::userTitle' requirements: _entity_access: 'user.view'

D8: Page Types

_content : -display content on a page _form : - display form on a page. _controller : - use to generate raw data like json output_entity_view : - for example - node.teaser_entity_form : - display a form for a entity_entity_list : - display list of entity like node

Access Restrictions

D8: Available Checks

_permission - A permission string (e.g. - _permission: ‘access content’)_role : A specific user role (e.g.- administrator)_entity_access: In case where an entity is part of route, can check a certain access level before granting access (e.g. node.view)_custom_access: You can also do custom access checking on route. Same as title callback (define as method on class)Read more - https://www.drupal.org/node/2122195

D8: Access checkuser.role_add: path: '/admin/people/roles/add' defaults: _entity_form: user_role.default _title: 'Add role' requirements: _permission: 'administer permissions'

Some permissions based on roles , permissions_permission: ‘administer nodes’_role: ‘administrator’

Based upon access to Entities _entity_access: $entity_type.$operation

check to see if everyone has access

_access: TRUE

D8: Access check

Multiple access check - node.add_page: path: '/node/add' defaults: _title: 'Add content' _content: '\Drupal\node\Controller\NodeController::addPage' options: _access_mode: 'ANY' _node_operation_route: TRUE requirements: _permission: 'administer content types' _node_add_access: 'node'

Forms

D7: Form Router$items['user/password'] = array( 'title' => 'Request new password', 'page callback' => 'drupal_get_form', 'page arguments' => array('user_pass'), 'access callback' => TRUE, 'type' => MENU_LOCAL_TASK, 'file' => 'user.pages.inc',);

D8: Form Router

Forms are classesThere is no method in forms as forms are presented as one classUse _form instead of _content or _controller

user.pass: path: '/user/password' defaults: _form: '\Drupal\user\Form\UserPasswordForm' _title: 'Request new password' requirements: _access: 'TRUE' options: _maintenance_access: TRUE

D7: User Password Form

function user_pass() { $form['name'] = array( '#type' => 'textfield', '#title' => t('Username or e-mail address'), '#size' => 60, '#maxlength' => max(USERNAME_MAX_LENGTH, EMAIL_MAX_LENGTH), '#required' => TRUE, '#default_value' => isset($_GET['name']) ? $_GET['name'] : '', ); [...]}

function user_pass_validate($form, &$form_state)function user_pass_submit($form, &$form_state)

D8: Form Interfacenamespace Drupal\Core\Form;* Provides an interface for a Form.interface FormInterface { * Returns a unique string identifying the form public function getFormId();

*Form constructor. public function buildForm(array $form, array &$form_state); * Form validation handler. public function validateForm(array &$form, array &$form_state);

* Form submission handler. public function submitForm(array &$form, array &$form_state);}

D8: User Password Formclass UserPasswordForm extends FormBase { public function getFormId() { return ‘user_pass’; } public function buildForm(array $form, array &$form_state) { $form['name'] = array( '#type' => 'textfield', '#title' => $this->t('Username or email address'), '#size' => 60, '#maxlength' => max(USERNAME_MAX_LENGTH, EMAIL_MAX_LENGTH), '#required' => TRUE, );

public function submitForm(array &$form, array &$form_state) {....}public function validateForm(array &$form, array &$form_state) {...}

D7: Form Validation

function user_pass_validate($form, &$form_state) { [...] form_set_error('name', t('Sorry, %name is not recognized as a user name or an e-mail address.', array('%name' => $name)));}

D8: Form Validation

public function validateForm(array &$form, array &$form_state) { [...] $this->setFormError('name', $form_state, $this->t('Sorry, %name is not recognized as a username or an email address.', array('%name' => $name))); }

D8: Form Base class* * Base class for implementing system configuration forms.Drupal\core\form\ConfigFormBase for example - class MenuSettingsForm extends ConfigFormBase

** generic base class - thisincludes string translation, link generatorDrupal\Core\Form\FormBase for example - class UserLoginForm extends FormBase

** base class for a confirmation form.Drupal\Core\Form\ConfirmFormBase for example - class LoggingForm extends ConfigFormBase

Other functionality from hook_menu

local task

local task

local task

D7: menu local tasks

$items['user/password'] = array( 'title' => 'Request new password', 'page callback' => 'drupal_get_form', 'page arguments' => array('user_pass'), 'access callback' => TRUE, 'type' => MENU_LOCAL_TASK, 'file' => 'user.pages.inc', );

D8: menu local tasksuser.links.task.yml

user.page: route_name: user.page base_route: user.page title: 'Log in' weight: -10user.pass: route_name: user.pass base_route: user.page title: 'Request new password'

local action

D7: Local action

$items['admin/structure/types/add'] = array( 'title' => 'Add content type', 'page callback' => 'drupal_get_form', 'page arguments' => array('node_type_form'), 'access arguments' => array('administer content types'), 'type' => MENU_LOCAL_ACTION, 'file' => 'content_types.inc', );

D8: Local action

node.links.action.yml

node.add_page: route_name: node.add_page title: 'Add content' appears_on: - system.admin_content

D8: Local action on multiple pages

block_content.links.action.yml

block_content_add_action: route_name: block_content.add_page title: 'Add custom block' appears_on: - block.admin_display - block.admin_display_theme - block_content.list

D8: Contextual links

D7: Contextual links

$items['admin/structure/block/manage/%/%/configure'] = array( 'title' => 'Configure block', 'type' => MENU_DEFAULT_LOCAL_TASK, 'context' => MENU_CONTEXT_INLINE, );

D8: Contextual links

block.links.contextual.yml

block_configure: title: 'Configure block' route_name: 'block.admin_edit' group: 'block'

D8: breadcrumb

breadcrumb is path based in Drupal 8

https://www.drupal.org/node/2098323

Useful Tips

Options

Useful Tips

_admin_route -- whether to use the admin theme for this route_maintenance_access -- whether route is publicly available when the site is in maintenance mode_access_mode -- whether requirements are ANY or ALL

Useful links

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https://www.drupal.org/node/1800686 - change record

https://www.drupal.org/node/2118147 - D7 to D8 upgrade tutorial

https://www.drupal.org/developing/api/8/routing - Routing system in D8

THANK YOU!Kalpana GoelWilliam Hurley