Protecting The Environment Widescreen

PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENTEngineering Economics

Mohammad Bilal Mohammad Bilal Firoz Firoz Fa.2008/EE/058Fa.2008/EE/058

Mohammad Aatif Mohammad Aatif Fa.2008/EE/060Fa.2008/EE/060

Khwaja Ameer Khwaja Ameer Hamza* Hamza* Fa.2008/EE/051Fa.2008/EE/051

Mubashir JavaidMubashir Javaid

Fa.2008/EE/059Fa.2008/EE/059

Khwaja Nabeel Khwaja Nabeel ImtiazImtiaz

Fa.2008/EE/052Fa.2008/EE/052

Group Members (In order of appearance)

Fig 1.1 A view of the materialistic society.Fig 1.1 A view of the materialistic society.

* Indicates Group leader

Points to be covered How the world functions –

The Material Economy(Why it happens).

The Destructive lifespan of everyday products (How it happens).

Effects - The Global Toxic Emergency.

An Exploration of Possible solutions.

How the world functions - The Material Economy

Points The Chain of the Materials Economy. Development of Consumerist Culture – Conspicous Consumerism. Percieved Obsolescence and Psychologically Manipulative Advertising. The Linear Nature of the Economy.


Points What is the Materials Economy? Factors that conventional Economics ignores. Environmental Effects of the whole process.



The term natural resource extraction refers to the extraction of natural resources such as oil , copper , coal and wood from the earth.

The United States has 5 % of the earth’s population and uses about the 30% of the world’s resources.

The top oil user is the USA (17 million barrels per day) and top gas user is the former Soviet Union (23,000 billion cubic feet per year).

Oil Spills and the dumping of oil into waterways has been extensive poisoning drinking water and destroying vegetation.

75% of gas produced is flared causing extensive damage to wildlife and other environmental effects.

The BP oil spill in the gulf coast could cause a more powerful hurricane.


Global warming potential of milk production is for 48–65% due to emission of methane.

In 2006 FAO estimated that meat industry contributes 18% of all emissions of greenhouse gasses. This figure was challenged in 2009 by two World-Watch researchers who estimated a 51% minimum.


We already looked at the ill effects of burning oil and gas in the atmosphere. The Distribution Process requires the burning up of huge amounts of fossil fuels to make the simple delivery of a Product.


12 percent of the world’s population lives in North America and Western Europe and accounts for 60 percent of private consumption spending but a THIRD of humanity lives in South Asia and Sub Saharan Africa and accounts for only 3.2 percent.

If the Chinese consume resources in 2031 at a level that Americans do now , grain consumption per person there would climb from around 600 pounds today to around 2000 pounds needed to sustain a typical western diet. This would equate to 1352 million tons of grain , equal to two thirds of all grain harvested from the world in 2004.

The Average American buys 53 times as many products as someone in China and one American’s consumption of resources is equal to that of 35 indians.


The Garbage produced by all this consumption is sent to landfills.

If lucky the garbage is burned up before being disposed of to make it biodegradable. This causes the release of dangerous gases such as dioxin into the atmosphere.

We produce over 220 million tones of waste per year, nearly 75% of which ends up in landfills.

Only two man made structures can be seen from the moon , the Great Wall of China and the Fresh Kills landfill , located in Staten Island , USA.


Points Conspicous Consumerism. Victor Lebow – The Evil retail analyst from Hell.


“Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfactions, our ego satisfactions, in consumption. The measure of social status, of social acceptance, of prestige, is now to be found in our consumptive patterns. The very meaning and significance of our lives today expressed in consumptive terms. The greater the pressures upon the individual to conform to safe and accepted social standards, the more does he tend to express his aspirations and his individuality in terms of what he wears, drives, eats- his home, his car, his pattern of food serving, his hobbies. These commodities and services must be offered to the consumer with a special urgency. We require not only “forced draft” consumption, but “expensive” consumption as well. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced, and discarded at an ever increasing pace. We need to have people eat, drink, dress, ride, live, with ever more complicated and, therefore, constantly more expensive consumption. The home power

tools and the whole “do-it-yourself” movement are excellent examples of “expensive” consumption”


Your Value in the Materials Economy is determined by how much you consume.

Consuming more , lands you a certain set of privileges.

The Islamabad Club.


Percieved Obsolescence is when a product is supposedly presented to you in such a way that you think its obsolete.

Fashion trends in Electronics and Clothing.

Fashion magazines and journals indicating “latest trends”

We watch more advertisements in 1 year than people 50 years ago were exposed to in an entire life time. Krugman “TV transmits information not thought about at the time of exposure”

Psychologically Manipulative Advertising.


Assumes infinite resources , makes impractical assumptions.

Linear in Nature.

A poor choice against circular and environmental economics.

The Destructive lifespan of Everyday Products

Important: Your most common everyday use item such as electronics is designed to last a minimum of 18 months , after which you will either find it ‘ugly’ due to massive mental manipulation or you will find it ‘non-compatible’ with everyday products.


Points to be covered: The Lifecycle of

Electronics. Externalization of costs. Designed for the dump or

planned obsolescence. Ecological Debt.


The average price of a radio from Radio Shack is around $50.

The materials used in Manufacturing are shipped from Africa , with production taking place in China and shipped to be consumed in the USA.

Externalization of costs. Who pays for your product?

According to UNICEF , across Africa, there are an estimated 80 million child workers, a number that could rise to 100 million by 2015.

The United Nations labor agency estimates there are now 100000 to 250000 child gold miners in West Africa alone !




Have you noticed your Nokia charger?

Planned Obsolescence – Products designed to be replaced as quickly as possible.

The sudden change in Nokia models (e.g 6600 and 6630)

The whole idea is deliberate - Designed for the dump.


What is an Ecological debt?

What is a carbon footprint?

Electronics Industry(including Power) has one of the largest debt and footprint.

The Global Toxic Emergency

Points Factories Externalizing. Dioxin and Alarming Carbon emission levels. Non Biodegradable waste. Cap and Trade emission fees – The Scam.

The Global Toxic Emergency Factories pollute the atmosphere and water streams. Main cause of acid rain causing a loss of crops , animals

and clean water drinking facilities. When an ecosystem becomes unsustainable, it leaves

behind people with no other option. Factory workers pay with their health. According to IBM’s

own research workers in computer chip manufacturing facilities have 40% more miscarriages, have more chances to die from blood, brain or kidney cancer.


Dioxin is the name generally given to a class of super-toxic chemicals.

Its toxicity is second only to radioactive waste. In Love Canal, hundreds of families needed to

abandon their homes due to dioxin contamination. Penetration of Dioxin in our body.


Consumerism has led to increasing demand of goods and hence production is increasing.

It is general consensus that our CO2 in atmosphere should be reduced to 350ppm but right now it is at 387ppm.

With current trend it is unlikely that carbon emission is going to be reduced since all our economy runs on fossil fuels.


Non-biodegradable waste is something that is not recyclable and hence does not mix in earth.

Some of this waste is incinerated adding to more atmospheric pollution.

Landfill is also not a healthy solution for such waste as we are aware of love canal disaster.

The Global Toxic Emergency Government will allow a certain amount of permits for pollution. Number of permits would decrease with each passing year. Corporations get rich and pollution seems reduced. *Cap and giveaway i.e. most industries got the vast majority of permits for

free. Failure in Europe, instead the polluters made millions of dollars in excess

profits through trading permits. Offsetting can be used as cheating and hence add more to pollution instead

of decreasing it.

The Global Toxic Emergency Solid Caps. Strong Laws. Citizens actions. Carbon Fees.

An Exploration of Possible Solutions.Points Renewable Energy. Zero waste. Take back laws and innovation. Corprotaracy. Closed Loop Production. Local Living Economies. Corporate Environmental Responsibility.

An Exploration of Possible Solutions. Renewable energy is natural energy which does not have a limited supply. Renewable energy can be used again and again, and will never run out. Forms of renewable energy are Wind , Solar , Geothermal , Hydropower and Biomass.

An Exploration of Possible Solutions. Wind is currently the world’s fastest growing energy source. Pakistan is building wind power plants in Jhimpir, Gharo, Keti Bandar and Bin Qasim in Sindh. China becomes world leader, installing 18.9 Giga watt, more than 50 % of the world market. Germany keeps its number one position in Europe with 27’215Megawatt.

An Exploration of Possible Solutions. What is waste? Zero Waste is a whole-system approach to redesigning the flow of resources through society. Masdar city in Abudhabi, UAE is an example of a zero waste project. Zero waste is a sign of inefficiency, the reduction of waste usually reduces costs.Example:- Hewlett Packard in Roseville, CA reduced its waste by 95% and saved $870,564 in 1998

An Exploration of Possible Solutions. What are Take back laws and what is Innovation? The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive) is the European Community directive 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) which, together with the RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC, became European Law in February 2003, setting collection, recycling and recovery targets for all types of electrical goods.11 countries have mandatory electronic recovery laws.

An Exploration of Possible Solutions. Eco-Friendly electronics. Micheal Dell’s Bamboo computer.

An Exploration of Possible Solutions. What is a Corporotoracy? 51 largest economies in the world are Corporations. Citizens United v Federal Election Commission, 130 S.Ct. 876 (2010), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidate elections cannot be limited — because of the First Amendment. Remember the Psychological Advertising technique?

An Exploration of Possible Solutions. Material flows in a workstations and buffers and re-enters in a system. Non-toxic and anti-pollutants production Precautionary Principle

Extraction

Production

Distribution

Consumption

Disposal Work

An Exploration of Possible Solutions.

Basic tool in closed loop

Waste prevention

Use of non-toxic materials

More usable and recyclable products

Development of durable products

Healthy environment

An Exploration of Possible Solutions. An Efficient Justice system. Caters to the 3 pillars of

sustainability. Businesses suffer as the rest

of the community suffers. Economic power resides

locally, sustaining healthy community life and natural life as well as long-term economic viability.

An Exploration of Possible Solutions. Broader area of Corporate

Social Responsibility. Do companies have a social

responsibility to protect the environment beyond legal requirements?

Recycling and biodegradation of materials makes healthy environments.

An Exploration of Possible Solutions. It leaves a positive impact on employees,

current members and stock holders Organizations lasts longer if they have a strong

reputation of corporate environmental responsibility

It increases company sales, market position, strengthen brand positioning, encourage investors.

Improves public image of an organization

References.Our whole motivation is inspired from Annie Leonard’s “ The Story of stuff” .Independent references are :http://www1.american.eduhttp://www.care2.com/causes/environment/blog/10-most-horrifiyng-facts-about-the-gulf-oil-spillhttp://start006.blogspot.com/2008/02/fast-facts-consumption-statistics.htmlhttp://www.justlivegreener.com/environment/253-scary-fact-about-landfills.htmlhttp://www.wechange.org/b/augustin/television-advertising-brainwashinghttp://en.wikipedia.orghttp://www.who.inthttp://www.cqs.comhttp://www.storyofstuff.org

http://www1.american.edu/

http://www.care2.com/causes/environment/blog/10-most-horrifiyng-facts-about-the-gulf-oil-spill


http://start006.blogspot.com/2008/02/fast-facts-consumption-statistics.html

http://www.justlivegreener.com/environment/253-scary-fact-about-landfills.html

http://www.wechange.org/b/augustin/television-advertising-brainwashing

http://en.wikipedia.org/

http://www.who.int/

http://www.cqs.com/

http://www.storyofstuff.org/

References.http://www1.american.eduhttp://www.care2.com/causes/environment/blog/10-most-horrifiyng-facts-about-the-gulf-oil-spillhttp://start006.blogspot.com/2008/02/fast-facts-consumption-statistics.htmlhttp://www.justlivegreener.com/environment/253-scary-fact-about-landfills.htmlhttp://www.wechange.org/b/augustin/television-advertising-brainwashinghttp://en.wikipedia.orghttp://www.who.inthttp://www.cqs.comhttp://www.storyofstuff.org

http://www1.american.edu/



http://start006.blogspot.com/2008/02/fast-facts-consumption-statistics.html

http://www.justlivegreener.com/environment/253-scary-fact-about-landfills.html

http://www.wechange.org/b/augustin/television-advertising-brainwashing

http://en.wikipedia.org/

http://www.who.int/

http://www.cqs.com/

References.http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:MEJAEf-tOrQJ:cell1.mit.edu/theses/werner-ms.pdf+closed+loop+production&hl=en&gl=pk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiBZGDBcdXxYZi12K4SWGXMiC6XkX5S6ExpdnWxztyoWH5gznwqqwBQ5114ebLKXR-VtHqclccr3y4QpdsVBVxXj-iErnmGGLUCSccmiEA8d_r7_eBeDoa1kKNwQfKWbnECC7QD&sig=AHIEtbQft0IOmFyjjPCg-u5-JPX1T7ryCQhttp://www.cleanproduction.org/Producer.Introduction.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Alliance_for_Local_Living_Economieshttp://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:Y54mawxi8DUJ:www.pollutionprobe.org/old_files/Reports/cerreport.pdf+corporate+environmental+responsibility&hl=en&gl=pk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShDCwTG-f-Nk8ZwobwTrl_-26CoUvcH2KQ95HR5d3sZ4LDTSsR7PtR7TIqQnDEz03UYVYJobjCCX9XnrZvMeB3vBh-6nHZ_jUy8tKc2X7r2O1vpGqSCp7UQZryml70tZ-IsLL-b&sig=AHIEtbT84Qp66BaqRWEXV_vGqJ1hvPCcUwhttp://books.google.com.pk/books?id=2ppzhuJyyPgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=corporate+social+responsibility&hl=en&ei=JDSpTdv1LIfKrAezyoyoCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=1&ved=0CDIQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false

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Protecting The Environment Widescreen