Active Learning AssignmentTopic: Air Pollution

Prepared By:1)Akabari Nirali 2)Bhut Vidhi 3)Bhavsar Mausam 4)Kapadiya Tinkle

Air Pollution

Introduction

Air constituents 80% of……….We breath about 22,000 times…….This suggets how that……Also the effects of…….We can not control the flow of………

What is Air Pollution?“Air Pollution is the presence

in ambient atmosphere of substances, generally resulting from the activity of man in sufficient concentration, present for a sufficient time and causes the harmful effect on humans, plants and animals.”

Sources of Air Pollution

Natural Sources1.Pollen grains2. Forest Fires3. Salt spray from

oceans4. Dust Storms5. Marshy land6. Spores7.Photochemical

reactions

Man Made Sources

1.Industrial units2.Thermal power

plants3.Automobile

exhaust4.Fossil fuel

burning5.Agricultural

activities6.Nuclear explosion7.Domestic burning

of woods

Primary Pollutants

The major primary pollutants include:Particulate Matter (PM),Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs),

Carbon monoxide, and Lead.

Pollutants

Natural source Man Made Sources

Secondary Pollutants Atmospheric sulfuric acid is one example of a

secondary pollutant. Air pollution in urban and industrial areas is

often called smog. Photochemical smog, a noxious mixture of

gases and particles, is produced when strong sunlight triggers photochemical reactions in the atmosphere.

The major component of photochemical smog is ozone.

Although considerable progress has been made in controlling air pollution, the quality of the air we breathe remains a serious public health problem.

Controlling Air Pollution through Regulations

Economic activity, population growth, meteorological conditions, and regulatory efforts to control emissions, all influence the trends in air pollution.

The Clean Air Act of 1970 mandated the setting of standards for four of the primary pollutants—particulates, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and Nitrogenas well as the secondary pollutant ozone.

Have Regulations Helped?

In 1997, the emissions of the five major primary pollutants in the United States were about 31 percent lower than 1970.

In 1990, Congress passed the Clean Air Act Amendments, which further tightened controls on air quality.

Regulations and standards regarding the provisions of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 are periodically established and revised.

Air is Expensive than Blood. Air is what we Breathe every Second even during sleep.

Air is sucked into lungs every few seconds and the alveolar system of the lungs helps the oxygenation of blood in every drop.

Heart pumps Blood and Blood carries O2(by Hemoglobin) to every part/cell of the body to sustain Life inside.

Air Pollution-2 side effects of Coins

1.Pollution & 2. Deforestation1.Pollution: Pollution is the main cause for

Global Warming.2. Deforestation : Forest/Vegetation on the

side have the capacity to take the carbon oxides and purify the air around by releasing oxygen, thus nullifying pollution to some extent.

But the present day scenario ,pollution is increasing every second, and same time on the other site deforestation is happening aat rapid speed and is supporting the acceleration of Air Pollution as a catalyst.

‘More O2’ into the body is called ‘More Life.’

Similarly ‘Better O2’ into the body is called ‘Better Life.’

‘Polluted O2’ into the body is called ‘Polluted Life.’

Effects of Air Pollution onHuman Health: Eye irritation can be caused by many

air pollutants such as NOX, O3, PAN, smog, Particulates, etc.

Nose and throat irritation can be caused by SO2, NOX, pesticides, etc.

Hydrogen fluoride can causes fluorosis and mottling of teeth.

Irritation of the respiratory tract can be caused by SOX, NO2, O3, CO, etc.

Dust Particles can causes dust specific respiratory diseases such as silicosis and asbestosis.

Heavy metals like lead can causes poisoning. Its high concentration can causes damage liver and kidney.

Property/Material:Pollutants like SO2, O3, H2S and

aerosols damage protective coating and paints of the surface.

Damage of textile dyes and textile fibers is caused by SOX, NOX, and O3.

Soiling increases cost of cleaning shirts and others wears, windows, curtains, building surfaces.

Climate:Melting of ice, glaciers.Affect agricultural output because

of change in pattern in rain fall.

Aesthetic Beauty:Industries, automobilesSewage and garbage heaps emit

foul odours causing further loss of aesthetic beauty.

Composition of Air

Atmosphere is the mixture of various gases and water vapour and subatomic particles that entirely covers the earth extending outward several thousand kilometers. The major gases in a pollution free dry air are Nitrogen(78%), Oxygen(21%), Argon(0.9-1.0%) and carbon dioxide.

The minor gases include Neon, Helium, Methane, Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide Ozone etc.

Constituent Concentration

Nitrogen 0.7808

Oxygen 0.2095

Argon 0.0093

Carbon dioxide 355 ppm

Neon 18 ppm

Helium 5.2 ppm

Methane 1.8 ppm

Sr.No.

Research Topic

Author Methods&Materials

Findings

1. Participatory Air Pollution Monitoring using Smart phone.

David Hasenfratz

Olga Saukh

Silvan Sturzenegger

Lothar Thiele

Gas Mobile Prototype System

Low cost of and off the shelf Hard ware to monitor the ozone concentration

It is feasible to use Gas Mobile in participatory sensing application to increase public awareness and to create spatially fine-grained air pollution maps

2. Measuring the Health Benefits from Reducing Air Pollution

Naveen Adhikari

He was collected over four seasons from 120 households(641 individuals) and 3 different locations.

Estimate of Health Benefit from a reduction in air pollution from current level to national ambient air quality standard level in Kathmandu Valley.

Sr.No.

Research Topic

Author Methods&Materials

Findings

3. development and contemporary methodological challenges

Cizao Ren

Shilu Tong

Case-crossover and panel studies have shown that there are constituents short terms effects of air pollution on health outcomes.

To provide an overview of recent research development and contemporary methodological challenges and to identify future research directions for air pollution epidemiological studies

4. Housing, home heating and air quality; a public health perspective

The Public health perspective

Canterbury District Health Board April 2013

The information about housing and air quality is presented in the contex of what is currently know post of earthquakes.

ReferencesB.R.Shah, Snehal Popli,

“Environmental Studies”, Mahajan Publishing House, 6th Edition,2013.