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Added value of polyamide in the extrusion process, in particular extrusion coating
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DSM Engineering Plastics
1
PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Improved performance with PA6 in multilayer barrier films
PA6 with modified rheology
Ted Brink
Application Development Extrusion
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
OverviewOverview
• Introduction• Why PA6 in food packaging• Trends in barrier films• Akulon XP – high productivity PA6• Conclusion
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Evolution
DSM: over a century of successful DSM: over a century of successful transformationstransformations
Chemical engineering
Polymer technology
Fine chemicals
Material science
Mechanical engineering
Biotechnology
Technological competences
Life Science Products
Coal
Fertilizers
Petrochemicals
Performance Materials
Bioterials / Biologics
1902 1930 19701950 1990 2000
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
DSM today DSM today
• Globally active “multi-specialty” chemical company• active on 5 continents, more than 200 locations• approximately ~ 21.000 employees
• Leadership positions in ~75 % of the portfolio• R&D spending ~ 5 % of sales• Solid balance sheet
• € 8 billion sales in 2005
Life Science Products
Performance Materials
Industrial Chemicals
Other
DSM NutritionalProductsDEP
DSM Engineering Plastics€705 million sales in 2005
1300 employees
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
DEP: partner for innovative film conceptsDEP: partner for innovative film concepts
• Today one of the leading PA6 film resin suppliers• New plant started with 18.000 t/y capacity in 2001• Additional capacity of 35.000 t/y in 2005• Introduction of Akulon XP• Portfolio of resins for the film industry
NOH
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
DSM product portfolio for film applicationsDSM product portfolio for film applications
• Akulon PA6• Akulon PA66• Akulon XP high productivity PA6• Yparex PE-g-MAH tie resin• Stanyl PA46 high heat resistant for specialty films• Arnitel COPE breathable film
portfolio of standard gradesfor cast and blown film
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
PA6 in barrier filmPA6 in barrier film
• food packaging (> 80 %)• meat• cheese• fish• sausage casings
• non-food applications• release films for SMC• medical film• protective bubble film• agricultural film
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Why PA6 for film in food packaging?Why PA6 for film in food packaging?
• Oxygen barrier• Aroma and flavour barrier• Mechanical protection• Puncture resistance• Printability• Transparency• Heat resistance
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Trends in PA barrier filmTrends in PA barrier film
• Use of BOPA• Improvement of barrier properties
• nanocomposites• oxygen scavengers• blends
• Active & intelligent packaging• More complex film structures (Akulon
XP)• Down gauging – improved productivity (Akulon XP)• Shift from PA6.66 to PA6
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Examples of coextruded multilayer structuresExamples of coextruded multilayer structures
cheese/meat
tie layer
PE
PA
fresh meat
PEtie layer
EVOH
tie layerPP
PA
PA
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Multilayer film with viscosity matchMultilayer film with viscosity match
desired situation
However, in practice ideal situations are rare
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Multilayer film with viscosity mismatchMultilayer film with viscosity mismatch
Viscosity mismatch:• limits flexibility
• more grades required
• different film structures on one machine not always feasible
• quality risk• more material use
polymer with higher viscosity
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Viscosity curves of LDPE and PA6Viscosity curves of LDPE and PA6
10
100
1000
10000
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
shear rate [1/s]
visc
osi
ty [
Pa.
s]
LDPE
Akulon F132
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Polymer flow in a coat hanger diePolymer flow in a coat hanger die
Coat hanger die:• different flow rates in the die• multilayer structures require viscosity match
to prevent interface disturbances
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
processing window
Standard materials result in interfacial Standard materials result in interfacial instabilityinstability
Rheology mismatch PA6 and LDPE
10
100
1000
10000
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
shear rate [1/s]
visc
osi
ty [
Pa.
s]
PA6
LDPE
leads easily to problems
poor elasticity and viscositymatch creates wave effect
one component missing at edges
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Viscosity curves of unmodified materialsViscosity curves of unmodified materials
10
100
1000
10000
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
shear rate [1/s]
visc
osi
ty [
Pa.
s] LDPE
Akulon F126
Akulon F130
Akulon F132
Akulon F136
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
wide processing window
The Akulon XP solutionThe Akulon XP solution
10
100
1000
10000
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
shear rate [1/s]
visc
osi
ty [
Pa.
s]
Minimizes the difference in melt viscosity and melt elasticity of coextruded materials.
Result: widening of processing window
Akulon XP exhibits:enhanced
shear-thinning behaviour:
• less motor power at high rpm
• higher zero shear viscosity
LDPEMFI 1.9
Akulon XP
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
The “trick”: branching of the PA6 chainThe “trick”: branching of the PA6 chain
Random long chain branching of PA6• increase of zero-viscosity• flow behaviour becomes more shear thinning• enhanced melt strength in elongational flow
Furthermore:• branching allows very high molecular weights, not possible
with linear PA6
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Effects of branched polymersEffects of branched polymers
Linear polymers show Newtonian flow behaviour
Short chain branching:• reduction of density• minor influence on rheology
Long chain branching:• strong influence on rheology• enhanced shear thinning• strain hardening
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Effects of branchingEffects of branching
Control of viscosity• melt stability (uncontrolled polymerization)• gels !!
Controlled branching is realized by:• branching agent: addition of a trifunctional compound• to prevent formation of gels: addition of a monofunctional
compound
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Neck-in on cast film and extrusion coatingNeck-in on cast film and extrusion coating
maximum die width
chillroll
standard PA6 Akulon XP
extruded film width
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Web stability in cast film and extrusion Web stability in cast film and extrusion coatingcoating
die
chillroll
standard PA6 Akulon XP
web instability
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Improved layer thickness distributionImproved layer thickness distribution
thin sections are quality riskand determine
barrier and mechanical properties
classical PA6
Akulon XP
edge trim edge trim
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The thermoforming processThe thermoforming process
film
mould
IR heater
vacuum
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The thermoforming processThe thermoforming process
film
mould
IR heater
vacuum
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Thermoforming issuesThermoforming issues
thin corners
Issues:• thin corners• limited elongation
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Thermoforming behaviourThermoforming behaviour
• drawing is influenced by:• temperature• stretch ratio• drawing rate• polymer viscosity• molecular structure• crystallization rate
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Thermoforming of COPA and PA6Thermoforming of COPA and PA6
• advantage COPA is lower crystallization rate• drawing of PA6 can be improved by:
• keep the sheet as amorphous as possible• addition of amorphous polyamide• addition of COPA
• improved thermoformability of Akulon XP compared to regular PA6• more even thickness in the corners• higher elongation possible
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Effects of Akulon XP in multilayer cast filmEffects of Akulon XP in multilayer cast film
• less neck-in
• better web stability• improved layer thickness
distribution• wider processing window
• shear thinning
waste reduction (side trims)
improved machine efficiency
higher production speed
less material use
better quality
less down-time
higher output
less motor power at high rpm
higher output possible
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Akulon XP propertiesAkulon XP properties
• improved processing efficiency• cast film• blown film• extrusion coating• thermoforming• stretching
• barrier properties same as classical PA6• mechanical properties comparable to classical PA6• crystallization behaviour unchanged
DSM Engineering Plastics
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
Advantages of Akulon XP in non-film applicationsAdvantages of Akulon XP in non-film applications
• extrusion blow moulding• improved melt strength
• monofilaments• improved roundness at large diameters
• stock shapes• improved symmetry in tubes with large diameters due to high melt stabilty
• convoluted tubes• improved dimensional stability at low diameters tube
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PAGEV Turkish Plastics Industry Congress - 2006
ConclusionConclusion
Akulon XP is a new polyamide 6 with improved processing behaviour, which can lead to lower conversion costs and improved film properties
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İLGİNİZ İÇİN TEŞEKKÜR EDERİM