Second Language Second Language

Acquisition-LearningAcquisition-LearningProcess by which people learn a second language in addition to their

native language

Authors:María Castilla, Jenny Landaeta,Javier García,Katyusca Castro.

Brown (2000), states about Second Language Acquisition

that it “involves cognitive variations, is closely related to

one´s personality type, is interwoven with second culture

learning, and involves interference, the creation of new

linguistic systems, and the learning of discourse and

communicative functions of language”.

Developmental PatternsDevelopmental PatternsRod Ellis (1994), states that “Developmental patterns will be used as a

cover term for the general regularities evident in language acquisition. As

such, it subsumes the ideas of order and sequence”.

He distinguished between

"order" and "sequence"

To refer to the pattern in which different language features are acquired

To denote the pattern by which a specific language feature is acquired.

The work on developmental patterns suggests that some

linguistic features are inherently easier to learn than others.

This fact has implications for both SLA theory and for

language teaching.

Developmental patterns are mainly studied in Developmental patterns are mainly studied in every day situations.every day situations.

Why?... To see how Second Language learners use that language, their reactions when using it, the words and expressions that are used, the tenses that prevail when using language, among others.

Why do we study developmental patterns?

To describe learner language in its own right, as a system of rules that learners constructed and revise repeatedly.

Rod Ellis (1994), states that “The existence of developmental

patterns can be investigated in different areas of language:

linguistic (phonological, lexical, and grammatical), semantic,

and functional”.

For you to think:

● Are the patterns in L1 acquisition and in L2 acquisition the same? Why?

● The orders and sequences of acquisition can be altered through formal instruction?

● Are the developmental patterns important for EFL teachers?

Order and Sequence of 2nd Order and Sequence of 2nd Language AcquisitionLanguage Acquisition

StageStage I: I: Pre-productionPre-production StageStage II: II: EarlyEarly ProductionProduction Stage III: Speech EmergenceStage III: Speech Emergence Stage IV: Intermediate FluencyStage IV: Intermediate Fluency Stage V: Advanced FluencyStage V: Advanced Fluency

All new learners of English progress through the same stages All new learners of English progress through the same stages to acquire language.to acquire language.

The length of time a learner spends at a particular The length of time a learner spends at a particular stage may vary greatly.stage may vary greatly.

For further information about Order and Sequence of Acquisition: http://www.everythingesl.net/inservices/language_stages.phphttp://www.everythingesl.net/inservices/language_stages.php

LanguageLanguage transfer in Second transfer in Second Language AcquisitionLanguage Acquisition

Language TransferLanguage Transfer

• • InterlingualInterlingual

• Intralingual

Language TransferLanguage Transfer

Transfer is the influence that the learner’s L1 presentsTransfer is the influence that the learner’s L1 presentsand also use as own resource in the acquisition of an L2, and also use as own resource in the acquisition of an L2, Selinker (1972) and Ellis (1997).Selinker (1972) and Ellis (1997).

InterlingualInterlingualThe type of cross-linguistic influence that nativeThe type of cross-linguistic influence that native

language has on the acquisition of an L2. Odlin, (1989)language has on the acquisition of an L2. Odlin, (1989)

IntralingualIntralingual The type of cross-linguistic influence that an L2 language has The type of cross-linguistic influence that an L2 language has on a previously acquired (L1). Odlin, (1989)on a previously acquired (L1). Odlin, (1989)

Main factors in Language Transfer Main factors in Language Transfer occurenceoccurence

Factors in the 2nd language Factors in the 2nd language acquisition processacquisition process

Input.Input.Interaction.Interaction.Interlanguage.Interlanguage.Teacher talk.Teacher talk.

BACK

Reciprocal action.Student- TeacherTeacher- Student

Student- Student

Modality in which ideas are interchanged

BACK

Interaction

INTERLANGUAGE(attitude towards the language acquisition)

TARGET + NATIVE

=STUDENT’S OWN REALIZATION OF LANGUAGE

(Imperfect version of target language)

BACK

TEACHER

•Orientates•Facilitates

•Gives support

•Motivates•Encourages to solve problems

•Gives easy and explicit instruccions

BACK

For further information about Language transfer in For further information about Language transfer in

Second Language Acquisition:Second Language Acquisition:

http://books.google.co.ve/books?id=7voXQ0YdJckC&printsec=frontcover&dq=terence+odlin+language+transfer&cd=1#v=onepage&q=factors&f=false

http://books.google.co.ve/books?id=quC_EWOfRTUC&pg=PA38&dq=interlingual+transfer&cd=1#v=onepage&q=interlingual%20transfer&f=false

http://books.google.co.ve/books?id=Dx5ohdiplRUC&pg=PP1&dq=Susan+M.+Gass+and+Larry+Selinker&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false