Naïve Physics&

Change Blindness

Reasoning about devices

Naïve Physics

• Mental models built according to the visible structure of the outside world

• Ontogeny follows philogeny even in the cultural process of learning

• Every new theory that has to be learnt such as relativity theory for physics compared to classic physics is not learnt against an old one but as a development of it showing lear differences and showing how paradigm changes

Why is naïve physics so popular?• It is rare for a physics course to have the power to

change the perspective from which the student looks at the physical phenomena.

• Generally, the mind stores the physical education as a tool that serves no other purpose than to himself and continues to draw on personal compendium of naive physics to interpret the physical reality

Types of Experiments

• The basic experimental procedure of a study on naïve physics involves three steps: prediction of the infant’s expectation, violation of that expectation, and measurement of the results.

Naive concepts• what goes up must come down• a dropped object falls straight down• a solid object cannot pass through another solid

object• centrifugal force throws rotating things outwards• an object is either at rest or moving, in an absolute

sense• two events are simultaneous or they are not

• What would happen to a ball shot through this pipe?

Naïve physics. Experiment 1

• People often respond by assuming curvilinear momentum (Bozzi, 1990)

• Even happens if they carry out an action. (Mc Beath et al. 2010)

Experiment 2

What would happen to a bomb dropped from this plane?

A CB

Experiment 3&4

• Which car will go up faster?

• Does the slope of the hill make any difference?

Experiment 5 & 6

1 23

Which forces act when you flip a coin ?

WRONG !

Experiment 7

Experiment 7

An example of experiment

Theory vs practice: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6NICkPYwSU&feature=channel_video_title

Change Blindness: Example 1

• The phenomenon that occurs when a person viewing a visual scene fails to detect changes in the scene.

• For CB to occur, the change in the scene has to coincide with some visual disruption such as a saccade or a brief obscuration of the observed scene or image. (O’Reagan)

• http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr/#CBhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dgVga5PesZo

Change Blindness: Example 1b

• The phenomenon that occurs when a person viewing a visual scene fails to detect changes in the scene.

• Without blink changes are detected more easily• http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=OFEmzla1X7k&feature=channel_video_title

2. Central vs Marginal Interest

Central example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVLaXsnh8nU

Marginal example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gf4J2yplD5U

Paradigm 1: flickering

In the flicker paradigm, an original and modified image are presented in rapid alternation with a blank screen between them. two primary findings: (1) observers rarely detect changes during the first cycle of alternation, and some changes are not detected even after nearly 1 minute of alternation.(2) changes to objects in the “centre of interest” of a scene are detected more readily than peripheral or “marginal interest”

Pradigm 2: Mudsplashes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JyxwX5U4Vo&feature=related

Paradigm 3: CB & Slow motion

• You can also get change blindness by making the change so slow that attention is not captured by the changing element

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ui-bBSva8RE&feature=BFa&list=SPB5D4854B7C3041EC&lf=list_related

Inattentional Blindness: Gorillas, coins and other tasks…http://www.dansimons.com/videos.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=eb4TM19DYDY#!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDkpL6oDnyg&list=PLB5D4854B7C3041EC&index=2&feature=plpp_video

Processing & Change Blindness

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDijQFsHbaM&feature=BFa&list=PLB5D4854B7C3041EC&lf=plpp_video

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owN1f29k_Rc&feature=related

Drawing, reporting and observing:

• long vs short delay• Three different conditions for the same experiment• Watch the 2 videos and try to draw the image with

pens and paper• Long delay: http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Z61IoNxg3q0&feature=related • Short delay: http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Pw3gYvy0GPI

• Change Blindness: • http

://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr/Mudsplash/Nature_Supp_Inf/Nature_Supp_Inf.html#CI&MIdef

• http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~rensink/flicker/download/ • http://viscog.beckman.illinois.edu/change/demolinks.s

html• Naïve Physics: • http://www.springerlink.com/content/

kl44571021758m33• https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F

%2Fwww.iuav.it%2FRicerca1%2FDipartimen%2FdADI%2FWorking-Pa%2Fwp_2007_08.pdf

References