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Nokia Networks white paper LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization Nokia Networks

LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

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Page 1: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Nokia Networks white paper

LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Nokia Networks

Page 2: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Page 2 networks.nokia.com

Contents

Introduction 3

Carrier Aggregation in live networks 4

0XOWL�EDQG�WUDƯF�PDQDJHPHQW 5

&RYHUDJH�EHQHƬWV 9

FDD and TDD aggregation 10

Carrier aggregation in Heterogeneous Networks 10

$JJUHJDWLRQ�ZLWK�VXSSOHPHQWDO�GRZQOLQN 11

Aggregation with unlicensed frequencies 12

'HYLFH�SRZHU�FRQVXPSWLRQ�RSWLPL]DWLRQ 12

Evolution of Carrier Aggregation 14

6XPPDU\ 15

Further reading 15

Innovation is happening right now at Nokia

0DQ\�RI�WKH�LQQRYDWLRQV�IURP�SUHYLRXV�\HDUV�GHVFULEHG�LQ�WKLV�GRFXPHQW�DUH�VWLOO�UHOHYDQW�WRGD\�DQG�KDYH�EHHQ�GHYHORSHG�WR�VXSSRUW�WKH�RSWLPL]DWLRQ�RI�PRELOH�EURDGEDQG�QHWZRUNV�DQG�VHUYLFHV�/RRNLQJ�DKHDG��1RNLD�ZLOO�FRQWLQXH�WR�IRFXV�RQ�LQQRYDWLRQ�DQG�ZH�ZLOO�EH�XSGDWLQJ�WKLV�GRFXPHQW�WR�UHƮHFW�WKH�ODWHVW�GHYHORSPHQWV�

Page 3: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Page 3 networks.nokia.com

2012 2013

150 Mbps

20 MHz 2x2 MIMO

150 Mbps

10+10 MHz 2x2 MIMO

2014

2015

300 Mbps

20+20 MHz 2x2 MIMO

450 Mbps

3CA 2x2 MIMO

1 Gbps+

100 MHz and/or 4x4

600 Mbps

4CA 2x2 MIMO

Cat 4

Cat 6

Cat 9

Cat 4

Cat 11/12

2016

Introduction&DUULHU�$JJUHJDWLRQ��&$��LV�WKH�PRVW�LPSRUWDQW�WHFKQRORJ\�FRPSRQHQW�LQ�/7(�$GYDQFHG��&$�ZDV�GHƬQHG�LQ��*33�5HOHDVH����DQG�FRPPHUFLDO�QHWZRUN�ODXQFKHV�IROORZHG�LQ�.RUHD�LQ�������&DUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�KDV�SURFHHGHG�UDSLGO\�LQ�QHWZRUN�GHSOR\PHQWV�EHFDXVH�RI�SURPLVLQJ�SHUIRUPDQFH�EHQHƬWV�DQG�EHFDXVH�LW�DOORZV�RSHUDWRUV�WR�WXUQ�WKHLU�LQYHVWPHQW�LQ�DGGLWLRQDO�/7(�FDUULHUV�LQWR�PDUNHWDEOH��KLJKHU�GDWD�UDWHV��&DUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�LQFUHDVHV�SHDN�GDWD�UDWHV�DQG�SUDFWLFDO�GDWD�UDWHV��LPSURYHV�WKH�GRZQOLQN�FRYHUDJH�DQG�VLPSOLƬHV�PXOWL�EDQG�WUDƯF�PDQDJHPHQW��7KH�HYROXWLRQ�RI�GDWD�UDWHV�WKURXJK�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�LV�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJXUH����&RPPHUFLDO�/7(�QHWZRUNV�VWDUWHG�ZLWK�&DWHJRU\���DQG���GHYLFHV�VXSSRUWLQJ�����WR�����0ESV�ZLWK�FRQWLQXRXV����0+]�VSHFWUXP��7KH�ƬUVW�YHUVLRQ�RI�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ��GXULQJ�������HQDEOHG�����0ESV�ZLWK���������0+]�DOORFDWLRQ��7KH�QH[W�SKDVH�ZLWK�&DWHJRU\���GHYLFHV�KDV�EHHQ�FRPPHUFLDOO\�DYDLODEOH�VLQFH�������VXSSRUWLQJ�����0ESV�ZLWK���������0+]��&DWHJRU\���ZLOO�EULQJ�����0ESV�ZLWK����0+]�GXULQJ�������DQG�WKH�HYROXWLRQ�FRQWLQXHV��ZLWK�H[SHFWHG�UDWHV�RI���*ESV�LQ�WKH�QHDU�IXWXUH��&DUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�DOVR�SURYLGHV�FRPSHWLWLYH�GDWD�UDWHV�RQ�IUDJPHQWHG�VSHFWUXP��)RU�H[DPSOH��D�WKUHH�FRPSRQHQW�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�RI����������0+]�DOORZV�RSHUDWRUV�WR�UHDFK�����0ESV��7KLV�SDSHU�GLVFXVVHV�WKH�SUDFWLFDO�SHUIRUPDQFH�RI�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ��RSWLPL]DWLRQ�VWHSV�DQG�IXUWKHU�HYROXWLRQ�

)LJ������'DWD�UDWH�HYROXWLRQ�LQ�GRZQOLQN�ZLWK�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ

Page 4: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Page 4 networks.nokia.com

Average throughput

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Mbps

Pcell Scell CA

Carrier Aggregation in live networks&DUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�SHUIRUPV�ZHOO�LQ�OLYH�QHWZRUNV��7KH�H[SODQDWLRQ�LV�VLPSOH��PRUH�VSHFWUXP�LV�DOORFDWHG�SHU�FRQQHFWLRQ��ZKLFK�UHVXOWV�GLUHFWO\�LQ�KLJKHU�SHDN�DQG�SUDFWLFDO�GDWD�UDWHV��)LJXUH���LOOXVWUDWHV�GULYH�WHVW�UHVXOWV�IURP�D�OLYH�QHWZRUN�ZLWK�D�&DW���GHYLFH�DQG���������0+]�DJJUHJDWLRQ��7KH�GDWD�UDWH�ZLWK�D�VLQJOH����0+]�FDUULHU��3ULPDU\�3FHOO�RU�6HFRQGDU\�6FHOO��LV�DSSUR[LPDWHO\����0ESV��ZKLOH�WKH�DYHUDJH�GDWD�UDWH�ZLWK�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�LQFUHDVHV�WR����0ESV�

$�&DW���GHYLFH�IXUWKHU�LQFUHDVHV�WKH�GDWD�UDWH��7KH�SHDN�UDWH�PHDVXUHPHQWV�DUH�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJXUH����7KH�DOORFDWLRQ�RI���������0+]�JLYHV�����0ESV��ZKLOH���������0+]�JLYHV�XS�WR�����0ESV��LOOXVWUDWLQJ�WKH�LPSRUWDQFH�RI�DOORFDWLQJ�DV�PXFK�VSHFWUXP�DV�SRVVLEOH�WR�JHW�WKH�IXOO�EHQHƬW�RI�WKH�GHYLFH�FDSDELOLWLHV��

)LJ������3HDN�UDWH�PHDVXUHPHQWV�ZLWK�&DWHJRU\���GHYLFH

)LJ������'ULYH�WHVW�GDWD�UDWH�ZLWK���������0+]�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ

Cat 6 UE peak data rates

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Mbps

20 MHz 20+10

MHz

20+20

MHz

Page 5: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Page 5 networks.nokia.com

7KH�GULYH�WHVW�GDWD�UDWH�ZLWK�D�&DW���GHYLFH�LQ�JRRG�VLJQDO�FRQGLWLRQV�LV�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJXUH����7KH�UHVXOWV�LQGLFDWH�WKDW�LW�LV�SRVVLEOH�WR�DFKLHYH�GDWD�UDWHV�RI�����s�����0ESV�LQ�WKH�ƬHOG�LI�WKH�VLJQDO�DQG�LQWHUIHUHQFH�FRQGLWLRQV�DUH�IDYRUDEOH��

)LJ������'ULYH�WHVW�GDWD�UDWH�ZLWK�&DW���GHYLFH�LQ�JRRG�VLJQDO�FRQGLWLRQV

0XOWL�EDQG�WUDƯF�PDQDJHPHQW7KH�PDMRULW\�RI�RSHUDWRUV�VWDUWHG�/7(�QHWZRUNV�RQ�D�VLQJOH�IUHTXHQF\�EDQG�DW�D�JLYHQ�DUHD��IRU�H[DPSOH�������0+]�RU�����0+]��0RVW�RSHUDWRUV�KDYH�PHDQZKLOH�DGGHG�D�VHFRQG�DQG�HYHQ�D�WKLUG�/7(�IUHTXHQF\�EHFDXVH�RI�FDSDFLW\�UHTXLUHPHQWV�DQG�EHFDXVH�RI�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�GDWD�UDWHV��7KH�HYROXWLRQ�FRQWLQXHV��OHDGLQJ�WR�HYHU�PRUH�IUHTXHQFLHV�EHLQJ�XVHG�IRU�/7(��LQ�WXUQ�PDNLQJ�WKH�WUDƯF�PDQDJHPHQW�EHWZHHQ�WKH�IUHTXHQFLHV�PRUH�FKDOOHQJLQJ��7KH�JHQHUDO�WDUJHW�LV�WR�EDODQFH�WKH�ORDGLQJ�EHWZHHQ�WKH�IUHTXHQFLHV�DQG�WR�PDNH�EHVW�XVH�RI�WKH�ORZ�EDQG�WR�SURYLGH�EHWWHU�FRYHUDJH���&DUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�ZLOO�EH�WKH�PDLQ�VROXWLRQ�IRU�VLPSOLI\LQJ�PXOWL�EDQG�WUDƯF�PDQDJHPHQW��:LWKRXW�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ��WUDƯF�PDQDJHPHQW�PXVW�UHO\�RQ�KDQGRYHUV��ZKLFK�DUH�UHODWLYHO\�VORZ��WDNLQJ�VHYHUDO�VHFRQGV�ZKHQ�WDNLQJ�LQWR�DFFRXQW�WKH�PHDVXUHPHQWV�DQG�SURFHGXUH��7UDƯF�PDQDJHPHQW�DOVR�UHTXLUHV�SURSHU�FRQƬJXUDWLRQ�RI�LGOH�PRGH�SDUDPHWHUV��7KH�SURFHVV�EHFRPHV�VLPSOHU�ZKHQ�FDUULHU�aggregation is activated, as load balancing happens as part of the

SDFNHW�VFKHGXOHU��ZLWKLQ�D�IHZ�PLOOLVHFRQGV�)LJXUH���LOOXVWUDWHV�WKH�W\SLFDO�IUHTXHQF\�EDQGV�WKDW�DUH�DQG�ZLOO�EH�DYDLODEOH�IRU�(XURSHDQ�PRELOH�RSHUDWRUV�LQ�WKH�QHDU�IXWXUH��7KH�IUHTXHQFLHV�EHWZHHQ�����DQG������0+]�DUH�SUHIHUDEO\�DJJUHJDWHG�WRJHWKHU�WR�JDLQ�WKH�EHQHƬW�RI�IDVW�WUDƯF�PDQDJHPHQW��(YHQ�WKH�IUHTXHQFLHV�DW�����*+]�FDQ�EH�DJJUHJDWHG�WRJHWKHU�LI�WKH�VLWH�JULG�LV�GHQVH�HQRXJK�WR�SURYLGH�IRU�VXƯFLHQW�FRYHUDJH�RQ�����*+]��

20 + 20 MHz in the �eld

300 Mbps

Page 6: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Page 6 networks.nokia.com

1800

2100

3500

700

2600

900

5400

800

2300

1400

3.5 GHz in small cells or macro cells

with aggregation

700 – 2600 MHz aggregated into

single pool

5 GHz unlicensed band in small cells

)LJXUH���LOOXVWUDWHV�WKH�EHQHƬW�RI�IDVW�ORDG�EDODQFLQJ�ZLWK�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ��7KH�GRWWHG�OLQH�VKRZV�WKH�XVHU�GDWD�UDWH�DV�D�IXQFWLRQ�RI�V\VWHP�ORDGLQJ�ZLWK����0+]�EDQGZLGWK��7KH�FXUYH�DVVXPHV�WKDW�ORDG�EDODQFLQJ�LV�GRQH�DW�WKH�EHJLQQLQJ�RI�WKH�SDFNHW�FDOOV��7KH�continuous line shows the user data rates when carrier aggregation

RI���������0+]�LV�DFWLYDWHG�DQG�DOO�GHYLFHV�VXSSRUW�WKH�IHDWXUH��7KH�XVHU�GDWD�UDWH�LV�LQFUHDVHG�FRQVLGHUDEO\��LQ�WKH�RUGHU�RI������HYHQ�DW�KLJK�ORDGLQJ��$OWHUQDWLYHO\��WKH�VDPH�DYHUDJH�XVHU�GDWD�UDWH�FDQ�EH�DFKLHYHG�ZKLOH�KDYLQJ�KLJKHU�RƪHUHG�ORDG�DQG�PRUH�XVHUV��,Q�WKLV�H[DPSOH�HYHQ�����PRUH�ORDGLQJ�FDQ�EH�VXSSRUWHG�ZKLOH�SURYLGLQJ�WKH�VDPH�XVHU�GDWD�UDWHV�

)LJ������$JJUHJDWLRQ�RI�DOO�ORZ�EDQGV�LQ�PDFUR�FHOOV

)LJ������*DLQ�IURP�IDVW�ORDG�EDODQFLQJ�ZLWK�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ

200

150

100

50

0

20 30 40 50 60 70

Carrier aggregation Load balancing, no CA

O�ered load (Mbps)

UE

th

rou

gh

pu

t (

Mb

ps)

+40% more users with

the same data rate

+80%

higher user

data rate

Page 7: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Page 7 networks.nokia.com

0

20

40

60

80

100

Mbps

Pcell SCell Sum

CA UE

Non-CA UE

/7(�QHWZRUNV�ZLOO�KDYH�D�PL[WXUH�RI�QHZ�&$�GHYLFHV�DQG�OHJDF\�QRQ�&$�devices and so fair resource sharing between these devices needs to

EH�FRQVLGHUHG��:H�ZRXOG�OLNH�WR�SURYLGH�HQRXJK�UHVRXUFHV�IRU�QRQ�&$�GHYLFHV�SDUWLFXODUO\�RQ�WKH�ORZ�EDQG��ZKLFK�KDV�EHWWHU�FRYHUDJH�DQG�W\SLFDOO\�D�VPDOOHU�EDQGZLGWK��1RNLD�6PDUW�6FKHGXOHU�DOORZV�WKH�RSHUDWRU�WR�DOORFDWH�PRUH�UHVRXUFHV�IRU�QRQ�&$�GHYLFHV�FHOO�E\�FHOO�EHFDXVH�&$�GHYLFHV�FDQ�DFFHVV�UHVRXUFHV�IURP�WZR�FHOOV��$Q�H[DPSOH�FDVH�LV�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJXUH����ZKHUH�D�QRQ�&$�GHYLFH�LV�DOORFDWHG�GRXEOH�UHVRXUFHV�FRPSDUHG�WR�D�&$�GHYLFH�RQ�WKH�3ULPDU\�FHOO��3FHOO���ZKLOH�WKH�&$�GHYLFH�JHWV�UHVRXUFHV�DOVR�RQ�WKH�6HFRQGDU\�FHOO��6FHOO���7KH�UHVXOW�LV�WKDW�WKH�HQG�XVHU�GDWD�UDWH�LV�GLVWULEXWHG�PRUH�IDLUO\�EHWZHHQ�WKH�GLƪHUHQW�GHYLFHV��5HVRXUFH�VKDULQJ�LQ�WKH�DGYDQFHG�VFKHGXOHU�FDQ�EH�FRQƬJXUHG�E\�WKH�RSHUDWRU�

)LJ������$GYDQFHG�UHVRXUFH�DOORFDWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�&$�DQG�QRQ�&$�GHYLFHV

Page 8: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Page 8 networks.nokia.com

User movement

Primary carrier

Secondary carrier 1

4 3

2

CA activation based on data volume Channel quality-based recon�guration

SCell swap

Deactivation due to inactivity

1

2

3

4

7KH�6FHOOoV�FRYHUDJH�DUHD�PD\�EH�GLƪHUHQW�WR�WKDW�RI�WKH�3FHOO�LQ�SUDFWLFDO�QHWZRUNV�LI�GLƪHUHQW�DQWHQQDV�RU�DQWHQQD�ORFDWLRQV�DUH�XVHG��6XFK�D�QHWZRUN�FRQƬJXUDWLRQ�UHTXLUHV�ƮH[LEOH�FRQƬJXUDWLRQ�RI�6FHOO��$Q�H[DPSOH�FDVH�LV�LOOXVWUDWHG�LQ�)LJXUH����ZLWK�PXOWLSOH�6FHOOV�LQ�WKH�FRYHUDJH�DUHD�RI�D�VLQJOH�3FHOO��:KHQ�WKH�GHYLFH�LV�PRYLQJ��WKH�6FHOO�LV�UHFRQƬJXUHG�G\QDPLFDOO\��)LUVW��WKH�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�LV�DFWLYDWHG�DFFRUGLQJ�WR�WKH�GDWD�YROXPH�LQ������7KH�6FHOO�LV�UHFRQƬJXUHG�GXH�WR�PRELOLW\�LQ�����DQG�DJDLQ�LQ������7KH�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�LV�GHDFWLYDWHG�GXH�WR�LQDFWLYLW\�LQ������

)LJ������)OH[LEOH�FRQƬJXUDWLRQ�RI�VHFRQGDU\�FHOO

Page 9: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Page 9 networks.nokia.com

LTE 1800

LTE 800

Uplink

Uplink

Downlink

Downlink

-120 dBm -130 dBm

&RYHUDJH�EHQHƫWV/7(�FRYHUDJH�LQ�WKH�PDFUR�FHOOV�LV�XSOLQN�OLPLWHG�EHFDXVH�RI�WKH�ORZHU�WHUPLQDO�RXWSXW�SRZHU������P:��FRPSDUHG�WR�WKH�W\SLFDO�EDVH�VWDWLRQ�SRZHU�RI�VHYHUDO�WHQV�RI�ZDWWV��7KH�PLQLPXP�WKUHVKROG�IRU�/7(�LV�W\SLFDOO\�5HIHUHQFH�6LJQDO�5HFHLYHG�3RZHU��5653��RI������G%P�EHIRUH�KDQGLQJ�RYHU�WKH�FRQQHFWLRQ�WR�WKH��*�QHWZRUN��7KH�PLQLPXP�WKUHVKROG�LV�OLPLWHG�E\�WKH�XSOLQN�FRYHUDJH��ZKLOH�WKH�FRYHUDJH�FRXOG�EH�HYHQ�ZLGHU�LI�ZH�FRQVLGHU�RQO\�WKH�GRZQOLQN�GLUHFWLRQ��&DUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�FDQ�HQKDQFH�WKH�FRYHUDJH�E\�XVLQJ�WKH�ORZ�EDQG�IRU�WKH�XSOLQN�FRQQHFWLRQ�ZKLOH�WKH�GRZQOLQN�FDQ�VWLOO�EH�UHFHLYHG�E\�WKH�GHYLFH��ERWK�RQ�WKH�ORZ�EDQG�DQG�RQ�WKH�KLJK�EDQG��7KH�KLJK�EDQG�FRQQHFWLRQ�FRXOG�QRW�EH�XVHG�ZLWKRXW�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ��7KH�RXWFRPH�LV�WKDW�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�FDQ�HQKDQFH�WKH�GRZQOLQN�FRYHUDJH�RI�WKH�KLJK�EDQG��)LHOG�PHDVXUHPHQWV�LQGLFDWH�WKDW�WKH�KLJK�band Scell can contribute to the throughput at lower signal levels

GRZQ�WR������G%P��7KRVH�GHYLFHV�WKDW�DUH�FORVHU�WR�WKH�EDVH�VWDWLRQ�FDQ�DOVR�XVH�/7(�����DV�WKH�SULPDU\�FHOO�DQG�XSOLQN�WUDQVPLVVLRQ���

)LJ�����&RYHUDJH�EHQHƬW�RI�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�ZKHQ�XVLQJ�ORZ�EDQG�3FHOO

Page 10: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Page 10 networks.nokia.com

FDD and TDD aggregation7KH�ƬUVW�SKDVH�RI�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�FRPELQHV�WZR�)''�IUHTXHQFLHV�RU�WZR�7''�IUHTXHQFLHV��7KH�QH[W�SKDVH�DOORZV�DJJUHJDWLRQ�RI�WKH�)''�DQG�7''�IUHTXHQFLHV�WRJHWKHU���*33�KDV�GHƬQHG�)''���7''�DJJUHJDWLRQ�LQ�5HOHDVH����ZKLFK�DOORZV�HLWKHU�)''�RU�7''�DV�WKH�3ULPDU\�FHOO��7KH�ƬUVW�SUDFWLFDO�LPSOHPHQWDWLRQV�KDYH�)''�DV�3FHOO�DQG�7''�DV�6FHOO�DQG�DUH�H[SHFWHG�GXULQJ�������)''�DQG�7''�DJJUHJDWLRQ�FDQ�SURYLGH�DQ�DWWUDFWLYH�FRPELQDWLRQ�RI�ORZ�EDQG�)''�IRU�JRRG�FRYHUDJH�DQG�KLJK�EDQG�7''�ZLWK�PRUH�VSHFWUXP�IRU�KLJKHU�GDWD�UDWHV��

Carrier aggregation in Heterogeneous Networks&DUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�DOVR�PDNHV�VPDOO�FHOO�GHSOR\PHQW�PRUH�DWWUDFWLYH��)LUVW��FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�LV�DOUHDG\�DYDLODEOH�LQ�VPDOO�FHOOV�VXSSRUWLQJ�PRUH�WKDQ�����0ESV��)XUWKHUPRUH��FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�FDQ�EH�REWDLQHG�EHWZHHQ�WKH�PDFUR�FHOO�DQG�WKH�ORZ�SRZHU�5)�KHDG�WKDW�LV�FRQQHFWHG�WR�WKH�PDFUR�FHOO�EDVHEDQG��6XFK�D�FRQƬJXUDWLRQ�LV�VXSSRUWHG�E\��*33�5HOHDVH����VSHFLƬFDWLRQV�ZKLFK�DVVXPH�WKDW�3ULPDU\�DQG�6HFRQGDU\�FHOOV�DUH�WUDQVPLWWHG�IURP�WKH�VDPH�EDVHEDQG�XQLW���*33�5HOHDVH����HQKDQFHV�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�ZKHUH�WKH�WZR�FHOOV�DUH�WUDQVPLWWHG�IURP�WZR�GLƪHUHQW�EDVH�VWDWLRQV��7KLV�IHDWXUH�LV�FDOOHG�LQWHU�VLWH�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�DQG�UHOLHV�RQ�GXDO�FRQQHFWLYLW\�ZKHUH�WKH�GHYLFH�KDV�WZR�VLPXOWDQHRXV�UDGLR�FRQQHFWLRQV�WR�WZR�EDVH�VWDWLRQV��7KH�PDLQ�XVH�LV�KHWHURJHQHRXV�QHWZRUNV�ZKHUH�WKH�GHYLFH�FDQ�PDLQWDLQ�SDUDOOHO�FRQQHFWLRQV�WR�WKH�ODUJH�PDFUR�FHOO�RQ�VRPH�RI�WKH�ORZ�EDQGV�DQG�WR�WKH�VPDOO�FHOO�DW�KLJKHU�EDQG��7KH�PDFUR�FHOO�FDQ�SURYLGH�UHOLDEOH�PRELOLW\�ZKLOH�WKH�VPDOO�FHOO�FDQ�SURYLGH�KLJKHU�GDWD�UDWHV�DQG�PRUH�FDSDFLW\��7KH�FRQQHFWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�PDFUR�FHOO�DQG�VPDOO�FHOO�LV�D�;��LQWHUIDFH��ZKLFK�FDQ�DOVR�XVH�ZLUHOHVV�EDFNKDXO��

)LJ������,QWHU�VLWH�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�PDFUR�DQG�VPDOO�FHOO

3500

Low band

+

Low band 3500

Release 12 inter-site carrier

aggregation between macro

and small cell

Macro cell

Small

cell

Macro cell

Release 10 carrier aggregation

in macro cell

X2

Low band 3500

Release 10 inter-site carrier

aggregation between macro and

low power RF head

Low

power

RRH

Macro cell

Fiber

Page 11: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Page 11 networks.nokia.com

Aggregation with supplemental downlink&DUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�DOORZV�WKH�EHQHƬW�RI�GRZQOLQN�RQO\�IUHTXHQFLHV��FDOOHG�VXSSOHPHQWDO�GRZQOLQN���*33�KDV�GHƬQHG�WZR�VXSSOHPHQWDO�GRZQOLQN�EDQGV��%DQG����DQG�����7KHVH�EDQGV�FDQ�EH�XVHG�WR�HQKDQFH�GRZQOLQN�GDWD�UDWHV�DQG�FDSDFLW\�ZLWK�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�IXQFWLRQDOLW\��7KH�FRQFHSW�LV�LOOXVWUDWHG�LQ�)LJXUH�����7KH�WUDƯF�SURƬOH�LQ�PRELOH�EURDGEDQG�QHWZRUNV�LV�TXLWH�DV\PPHWULF��ZLWK�GRZQOLQN�WUDƯF�W\SLFDOO\�WHQ�WLPHV�KLJKHU�WKDQ�XSOLQN�WUDƯF��ZKLFK�PDNHV�WKH�GRZQOLQN�RQO\�IUHTXHQFLHV�DWWUDFWLYH�IRU�PDWFKLQJ�WKH�WUDƯF�SURƬOHV��

)LJ������&DUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�ZLWK�VXSSOHPHQWDO�GRZQOLQN

Downlink aggregation

Downlink + uplink Supplemental

downlink

Page 12: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Page 12 networks.nokia.com

Aggregation with unlicensed frequencies/7(�FDQ�DOVR�XVH�WKH�XQOLFHQVHG���*+]�EDQG�WR�ERRVW�QHWZRUN�FDSDFLW\�DQG�GDWD�UDWHV��7KLV�LV�XQGHU�VSHFLƬFDWLRQ�LQ��*33�5HOHDVH����DQG�LV�FDOOHG�/7(�IRU�8QOLFHQVHG��/7(�8��RU�/LFHQVHG�$VVLVWHG�$FFHVV��/$$���The solution uses carrier aggregation between the operator’s licensed

IUHTXHQFLHV�DQG�WKH�XQOLFHQVHG�EDQG��7KH�FRQFHSW�LV�DQ�H[WHQVLRQ�RI�WKH�VXSSOHPHQWDO�GRZQOLQN�VROXWLRQ��The licensed band can provide a reliable connection both in uplink and

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Device power consumption optimization&DUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�DƪHFWV�VPDUWSKRQH�EDWWHU\�OLIH�EHFDXVH�WKH�GHYLFH�KDV�WR�PRQLWRU�WZR�IUHTXHQFLHV��DFWLYDWH�DGGLWLRQDO�5)�KDUGZDUH�DQG�LQFUHDVH�EDVHEDQG�DFWLYLW\��)RU�ODUJH�GDWD�WUDQVIHUV�VXFK�DV�D�ƬOH�GRZQORDG��WKH�SRZHU�FRQVXPSWLRQ�ZLWK�FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�LQFUHDVHV�GXULQJ�WKH�WLPH�D�ƬOH�LV�GRZQORDGHG��+RZHYHU��WKH�KLJKHU�WKURXJKSXW�PDNHV�WKH�GRZQORDG�VKRUWHU��DOORZLQJ�WKH�GHYLFH�WR�JR�EDFN�WR�55&�,GOH�VWDWH�VRRQHU��LQFUHDVLQJ�WKH�HQHUJ\�HƯFLHQF\�DQG�VDYLQJ�RYHUDOO�EDWWHU\�OLIH��

Downlink aggregation

Licensed downlink

+ uplink

Unlicensed

5 GHz band

Page 13: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Page 13 networks.nokia.com

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Power consumption

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

mA

10 MHz no CA 20 MHz no CA 10+10 MHz CA

800

900

1000

Active transmission

Average over 185s

Large �le transfer

Power (mW)

Time (s)

With CA

Without CA

Page 14: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Page 14 networks.nokia.com

Evolution of Carrier Aggregation&DUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�LV�HYROYLQJ�IXUWKHU���*33�5HOHDVH����VXSSRUWHG�D�PD[LPXP�RI�ƬYH�FRPSRQHQW�FDUULHUV�ZKLOH�WKH�VLJQDOLQJ�FDSDELOLW\�ZDV�H[WHQGHG�EH\RQG�ƬYH�FDUULHUV�LQ�5HOHDVH�����0DQ\�RSHUDWRUV�KDYH�HYHQ�PRUH�WKDQ�����0+]�RI�VSHFWUXP�DYDLODEOH�IRU�/7(�GHSOR\PHQW��$W�WKH�VDPH�WLPH��GHYLFH�EDVHEDQG�DQG�5)�SURFHVVLQJ�FDSDELOLW\�FRQWLQXHV�WR�LPSURYH��PDNLQJ�LW�IHDVLEOH�WR�VXSSRUW�HYHQ�KLJKHU�GDWD�UDWHV�LQ�WKH�GHYLFHV��1RNLD�GHPRQVWUDWHG�DQ�LPSUHVVLYH�GDWD�UDWH�RI���*ESV�E\�DJJUHJDWLQJ�WHQ�FDUULHUV��FRPELQHG�ZLWK�0XOWLSOH�,QSXW�0XOWLSOH�2XWSXW��0,02��WHFKQRORJ\��%RWK�)''�DQG�7''�IUHTXHQFLHV�ZHUH�DJJUHJDWHG��7KH�GHPRQVWUDWLRQ�ZDV�FRPSOHWHG�ZLWK�FRPPHUFLDO�)OH[L�0XOWLUDGLR����EDVH�VWDWLRQ�KDUGZDUH��6R�IDU��FDUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�KDV�IRFXVHG�RQ�WKH�GRZQOLQN�GLUHFWLRQ��7KH�XSOLQN�DJJUHJDWLRQ�ZLWK�WZR�FRPSRQHQW�FDUULHUV�LV�H[SHFWHG�WR�VWDUW�VRRQ�LQ�RUGHU�WR�SURYLGH�D�EHWWHU�PDWFK�ZLWK�WKH�UDSLGO\�LQFUHDVLQJ�GRZQOLQN�GDWD�UDWHV�

Page 15: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

Page 15 networks.nokia.com

Summary&DUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�LV�WKH�PRVW�LPSRUWDQW�IHDWXUH�LQ�/7(�$GYDQFHG�EHFDXVH�LW�LPSURYHV�WKH�SUDFWLFDO�GDWD�UDWHV��HQKDQFHV�WKH�QHWZRUN�FDSDFLW\��VLPSOLƬHV�WKH�WUDƯF�PDQDJHPHQW�DQG�H[WHQGV�WKH�FRYHUDJH�DUHD��&DUULHU�DJJUHJDWLRQ�VWDUWHG�FRPPHUFLDOO\�LQ�������7KH�SHDN�GDWD�rate has increased to 300 Mbps during 2014 and will hit 450 Mbps

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Further readingLTE-Advanced white paper

/7(�5HOHDVH����ZKLWH�SDSHU 6PDUW�6FKHGXOHU�ZKLWH�SDSHU LTE-U white paper

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6PDOO�&HOO�&DUULHU�$JJUHJDWLRQ�SUHVV�UHOHDVH� FDD-TDD Carrier Aggregation press release

Three-band Carrier Aggregation press release d

LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation video

Page 16: LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization

networks.nokia.com

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