Linux Network Administration (LPI-1,LPI-2)
Mc LcChng 1: Gii thiu h iu hnh Linux 3Chng 2: Ci t CentOS 19Chng 3: Tp lnh cn bn 53Chng 4: Qun tr ngi dng 100Chng 5: Qun l h thng tp tin 120Chng 6: Qun l Boot loader 143Chng 7: Qun l cng 174Chng 8: Qun l tin trnh v dch v c s 191Chng 9: Ci t phn mm 244Chng 10: Ci t, cu hnh mng 261Chng 11: Network File System (NFS) 277Chng 12: FTP 290Chng 13: The Secure Shell (SSH) 302Chng 14: DHCP 312Chng 15: Domain Name System (DNS) 323Chng 16: Web Server 340Chng 17: Mail Server 347Chng 18: Samba 359Chng 19: Squid Proxy Server 377Chng 20: Linux Firewall 388Chng 21: Sao lu & Restore 403Bonus 417
Chng 1: Gii thiu
H iu hnh Linux
Cc vn tho lun
H iu hnh.
Cc thut ng.
Tho lun v h iu hnh Linux.
Cc phin bn Linux.
CentOS.
H iu hnh
Cc thut ngOpen Source:
L loi phn mm cung cp lun c m ngun cho php ngi dng
chnh sa m ngun theo nhu cu m khng phi tr mt loi ph no v
bn quyn.
Closed Source:
L loi phn mm khng th mua c m ngun. Thng thng tr ph
cho bn quyn l bt buc i vi mt s phin bn.
Freeware:
L mt loi phn mm Closed source min ph hon ton.
Shareware:
L mt loi phn mm Closed source khng cn tr ph mua nhng
phi tr ph sau mt thi gian s dng n.
H iu hnh Linux l g?
Mt phn mm m ngun m c y c im cacc h iu hnh khc.
H iu hnh rt n nh, hiu nng cao v ang cpht trin bi hng trm ngn lp trnh vin trn ton th gii.
Nhiu cng ty, t chc chnh ph s dng Linux.
H iu hnh a tc v, a ngi dng.
L h iu hnh h tr a nn tng v trn nhiu loing dng mng.
Lch s v H iu hnh Linux
Gii thiu v H iu hnh Linux
Open Source Software Multiuser Multitasking Network support
nh ngha cc phin bn Linux
Phin bn ca mt h iu Linux c nh nghada trn Linux kernel version gm 2 thnh phn:
Major numberMinor number
V d: CentOS 6.4 kernel 2.6Ubuntu 13.10 kernel 3.2
u im ca LinuxRisk reduction: Gim thiu ri ro.
Meeting business needs:Khng b rng buc v tnh thng mi v vn bn quyn c gii quyt.
Stability and Security: n nh v bo mt.
Flexibility for different hardware platforms:Uyn chuyn tng thch vi nhiu loi phn cng.
Ease of customization: D dng iu chnh sa cha.
Ease of obtaining support: d dng h tr khi gp s c.Cost reduction: Gim thiu v mt chi ph.
Linux s dng dng lm g?
Web Hosting. Softwares Development. File and Print services. Document Publishing. E-mail Servers. Database Servers. Network Routers. Workstations.
Tnh n nh ca Linux
D dng qun l khi cng vic s ca mi trngkinh doanh hin nay.
My tnh s dng Linux c th hot ng n nh nhFTP server, Web server, Mail server, DNS server.
Khng khi ng li my sau khi ci t cc phm mmv cc dch v mi vo.
D dng khi phc hot ng khi gp s c v mt in.
Bo mt
M hnh open source cho php cc chuyn gia kim trasource code trc khi pht hnh.
Khi li tm thy, nhm cc nh lp trnh vin thuc cngng m ngun m trn th gii s khc phc li ngay.
Virus hu nh khng tn ti trn Linux.
Mt h iu hnh cc k n nh v c h tr nhiu loitng la chuyn dng khc nhau.
Cc phin bn Linux
Red Hat Linux. SuSE Linux. Slackware Linux. Debian Linux. Turbo Linux. Mandrake Linux.
www.distrowatch.com
CentOS
CentOS l g?L h iu hnh pht trin da trn nn nhn Red Hat(bn thng mi) tuy nhin CentOS hon ton min ph.
V sao s dng CentOS? Mang y tnh nng ca mt h thng Linux. Hu ht cng ng m ngun m u tin dng. Tnh n nh cao v kh nng sa li d dng khi c s c. c s dng rng ri trong hu ht cc cng ty ln nhtrn th gii.
CentOS
Hi & p
Chng 2: Ci t CentOS
Cc vn tho lun
Ci t CentOS.
Chia phn vng cng.
Demo ci t.
Shells. Terminals. Kernel.
Cc cch ci t
Ci t mt FTP server qua mng.
Ci t HTTP Web server qua mng.
Ci t NFS server qua mng.
Ci t SMB server qua mng.
Ci t Virtual Network Computing (VNC) qua mng.
Ci t nhng gi phn mm trn a cng.
Tin hnh ci t
- Chn ngn ng, ngn ng bn phm, chut, mn hnh.- Chn cch ci t.- Chia partition.- Cu hnh Boot Loader.- Cu hnh mng v tng la.- Chn ngn ng h thng v mi gi.- To ngi dng root (ngi dng ti cao).- Chn cc gi ci t ph hp vi mc ch s dng.- Hon tt ci t.
Ci t CentOS
Tho lun v vn chia phn vng:/boot: t 100MB n 200MB.swap:
Nu RAM 4GB: Swap = 16GB.** i vi server Oracle: Swap >= 24GB.
/ : Phn cn li ca cng.
Cu hi: Ti sao phi chia li partition m khng h thngt chia?
V d phn vng mc nh
Cu hnh Bootloader
- GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB).- Boot Record (MBR).- First hard disk sector.
Shells - Terminals - Kernel
Terminals
Thc hnh ci t CentOS
Demo Ci t.+ Ci t qua giao din ha.
+ Ci t qua text mode.
Hc vin thc hnh ci t trn my cc phin bn CentOS.
Bi tp lm thm: Hc vin th ci t cc Distro khc nh:Ubuntu, Fedora, OpenSUSE, Backtrack.
Demo Ci t
Boot t CD CentOS
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Demo Ci t
Chng ta chn nhng gi ci t cn thit cho server.
Demo Ci t
Bt u ci t.
Demo Ci t
Sau khi ci t thnh cng Mn hnh login u tin ta s thy:
DEMO khi phc password user root.DEMO cch tt tng la.
Hi & p
Chng 3: Tp lnh c bn(Command Line)
Cc vn tho lun
Gii thiu Command Line. Gii thiu h thng tp tin. Qui c t tn & ng dn. Lm quen vi cc tp lnh c bn. iu khin cng vic. Bin mi trng. Link. Son tho vn bn vi vi. Restart & shutdown.
Bn tng xem qua cc super hacker thao tc th notrong cc b phim?
CLI (Command Line Interface) l cch tt nht, nhanh nht ngi qun tr thao tc vi my tnh.
3 Nguyn tc khng th thiu ca mt ngi qun trh thng gii cn phi c:
- Lm ch hon ton Command Line.- T ng ha tt c.- Sao lu ton b d liu.
Lazy sysadmin is the best sysadmin Anonymous
Ti sao s dng Command Line?
Shell l mt chng trnh gip ngi qun tr chuyn ccthao tc ln bn phm xung cho h iu hnh bit phi lmg.
Hu ht tt c cc phin bn Linux u s dng chng trnhshell t d n GNU c gi l bash.
Shell l g?
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS):
/bin Cc lnh c bn cho tt c ngi dng.
/boot Cha kernel v cc file s dng cho vic boot.
/dev Cha cc khai bo v thit b.
/etc Cha cc file cu hnh h thng v cc ng dng.
/home ng dn mc nh cha th mc ngi dng.
/lib Cha cc th vin dng chung.
/mnt L mt th mc rng s dng cho vic mount.
Gii thiu h thng File trn Linux
/proc Thng tin process v kernel.
/opt Cha cc chng trnh phn mm thm vo.
/root Th mc ca ngi dng root.
/sbin Cha cc tp lnh qun tr.
/usr Cha nhng tp lnh ca cc ng dng.
/tmp Cha d liu tm.
/var Cha cc File log.
Gii thiu h thng File trn Linux
- Ti a 255 k t, dng bt k k t no, k c k t c bit.
V d: Very ? long - file + name . test
- Tp tin (th mc) n c bt u bng du chm .
V d: .bash_history
Qui c t tn
ng dn tuyt i: bt u bng /
V d : / /bin /usr /usr/bin
ng dn tng i: khng bt u bng /
V d: etc/httpd/ usr/bin
ng dn t bit:.. - th mc cha.. - th mc ang lm vic.~ - th mc home ca ngi dng hin hnh.
V d: Nu ngi dng ang th mc /etc, mun tham chiu n tp tin/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf th ng dn tng i s l ./vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
ng dn
Chuyn ngi dng (Switching Users): su$ su# su pqdung$ su vnlamp
Kt thc mt Terminal Session:#exit
Lm quen cc lnh c bn
C php: command [flags] arg1 arg2 arg3
Cc thnh phn cch nhau mt khong trng.
Cc c thng theo sau du - hoc -- (nht l cc c nhiu k t).V d: #ls -a -l -F hoc #ls --color
Nhiu c c th dng chung mt k t -.V d: ls -al tng ng ls -a -l Mt s lnh c bit, khng cn k t - trc cc c. Mun xem tr gip dng tham s --help hoc man.
V d: ls --help hoc man lsGhi ch: C kh nhiu loi shell trn Linux, kim tra ang dng loishell no:echo $SHELL
C php lnh
Tn tp tin hoc th mc lm tham s dng lnh c th dngkhng tng minh.
Trn Linux khng phn bit phn ui m rng.
Dng k t thay th cho mt phn hoc ton b tn.* : mi chui k c rng? : mt k t bt k[aeg] : tng ng vi mt trong cc k t a,e,g[a-h]: mt k t trong khong a h[^abc]: khng phi a,b,c\ : loi b ngha c bit ca cc k t *,?,)
K t thay th
Nhn t ng in y dng lnh:$ cd /usr/lo (/usr/local)$ cpcp cpp cpio cproto$ cd dirdir1 dir2 dir3
T ng in dng lnh
Cc lnh gip Help:#man#help
Lnh thao tc cc th mc v ng dn:#pwd In th mc ang lm vic.#cd Thay i th mc.#ls Lit k th mc.
Cc lnh thng s dng
#mkdir To th mc.#mv Di chuyn.#cp Sao cho.#alias To lnh thay th.#rm Xa file v th mc.#rmdir Xa th mc rng.#file Xc nh loi file.#touch To file rng.#tee Va xut kt qu ra mn hnh va xut vo file.
Cc lnh thng s dng
#cat Xem ni dung file.#tac Ngc li ca cat.#head Xem cc dng u tin ca file.#tail Xem cc dng cui ca file.#wc m s dng, s t hoc s byte ca file.#nl nh s dng ca file.#grep Tm kim ni dung.
#updatedb Cp nht cc thay i ca c s d liu h thng.#locate Tm kim file.
**Ch : #tail -f xem log ng.
Cc lnh x l chui
Cho bit ngi dng ang ti th mc no:#pwd
Chuyn th
