Leading Biometrics Technologies

What is Biometrics ?

• Biometrics the science with technology to measure and analyze biological data.

• Meaning of Biometrics comes from the Greeks. Biometry = bio(life) + metry(to measure).

• Biometrics refers to automated methods or technologies that measure and analyze human body characteristics like DNA, fingerprints, eye retinas and irises, voice patterns, facial patterns and hand measurements for authentication purposes.

How Biometrics Works ?

Types of Biometrics

Physiological• Retina• Iris recognition • Face• Fingerprint• Palm Vein

Reader

Behavioral• Voice• Signature

Face Recognition

• Principle: analysis of the unique shape, pattern and positioning of facial features.

• A automated software for identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source.

• Typically used in security systems• Uses an image or series of images either from a camera or

photograph to recognize a person.• Passive biometrics and does not require a persons cooperation.• Highly complex technology.

Comparison of Biometrics

Biometric Type Accuracy Ease to Use User Acceptance

Fingerprint High Medium Low

Palm Vein Reader Medium High Medium

Voice Medium High High

Retina High Low Low

Iris Medium Medium Medium

Signature Medium Medium High

Face Low High High

Retina scan

• It analyzing the layer of blood vessels situated at the back of the eye.

• The machine takes around ten seconds to shine a “low intensity coherent light source” onto the retina to illuminate the blood vessels.

• Once the machine has a copy of the scan, it compares the picture to all the different scans of databases, looks for a match, and identifies the individual.

• Retina scan machines are fairly expensive.

Fingerprint Recognition

• A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger.

• Biometrics refers to that measure and analyze human body characteristics such as fingerprints recognition.

• Fingerprint recognition is possible using the fingerprint scanner.

• A fingerprint scanner has two basic jobs.• It needs to get an image of your finger.• It needs to determine whether the pattern of ridges and

vellys in this image matches pattern of ridges and valleys in pre-scanned images.

Problem to Finger Print System

• Finger prints can be easily copied.• Wrong result is shown if the finger is not placed properly.• If the software is not sufficiently god negative result is shown.

Advantages of fingerprint Recognition

• Oldest form of Biometrics• Highly Reliable• Uses distinctive features of fingers• High Security access• Reduce cost• Instance Report

Iris Recognition

• An automated method of biometric identification that uses mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on video images of the irises of an individual's eyes, whose complex random patterns are unique and can be seen from some distance.

• Iris recognition uses camera technology with subtle infrared illumination to acquire images of the detail-rich, intricate structures of the iris.

Problems to Iris Scanning

• Scanning difficult from a larger distance.• It uses INFRARED light which may cause damage to

our eyes.• An eye photograph can also be used to gaining the

access.

Signature Recognition

• One of behavioral biometric: Signature recognition• Operated in two different mode:

Static Dynamic

In this mode, users write their signature on paper, digitize it through an optical scanner or a camera, and the biometric system recognizes the signature by analyzing its shape. It is also known as “off-line”.

In this mode, users write their signature in a digitizing tablet, which acquires the signature in real time. Dynamic recognition is also known as “on-line”.

Signature Recognition Application• Criminal identification• Prison security• ATM and other Financial Transactions• PC/LAN Login• Database access• Border crossing controls

Palm Vein Technology

• Palm vein Technology is one of the upcoming technology• It is the world first contactless personal identification system.• It is highly secure and accurate.• It is one of the best BIOMETRICS Technology.

Palm Vein Reader• A highly secure and contactless biometric device that

works by reading the vascular pattern of the palm.

Advantages of Biometrics

• Biometrics are generally used for authentication. • It provides higher security .e.g. Iris recognition .• Voice Recognition works well over the telephone• User friendly

e.g. Hand geometry recognition,

finger print recognition

Disadvantages of Biometrics

• Retina recognition requires close physical contact of the scanning device, may not be generally accepted by public

• This technology is little Costly.• Voice recognition requires large amount of computer

storage, people's voices can change, background noises can interfere.

• Biometrics features may change over time.• Signature recognition has poor long-term reliability,

accuracy difficult to ensure.

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