Laser Induced Fluorescence and ISVs

Laser‐Induced Fluorescence (LIF)and

Integrated Site VisualizationsTM (ISV)

Direct Sensing Technologyfor

Identification and Delineation ofLight Non‐Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPL)

at Hydrocarbon Release Sites

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Today’s Presenters:

Ed CreadenDirector, Corporate MarketingWCEC / Matrix [email protected]

Jim RolleISVTM Program ManagerWCEC / Matrix [email protected]

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Basic principles of LIF technology & operationDeploymentOutputLNAPL delineationInterferences & limitationsData analysisLNAPL Conceptual Site Model (LCSM)Case studies & ISV examples

What we will discuss:

Laser‐Induced Fluorescence (LIF)Developed by Dakota Technologies, Inc., Fargo, ND

UVOST®

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TarGOST®

Both technologies employ lasers for excitation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in NAPL.

This presentation focuses primarily on the UVOST® technology.

Tar‐specific Green Optical Screening Tool

Detects coal tars/creosotes containing moderate to heavy PAH

concentrations.

Ultra‐Violet Optical Screening Tool

Detects fuels/oils containing low to moderate PAH concentrations.

UVOST® Features

LIF excitation of PAHs present in LNAPL

Direct‐sensing of mobile and residual LNAPL

Real‐time data, logs response vs. depth

Direct‐push delivery (CPT or push probe)

Rapid assessment (200 to 500 ft./day)

Greater cost‐effectiveness than traditional LNAPL assessment strategies

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Because PAHs such as naphthalene, perylene and anthracene predictably fluoresce at varying wavelengths and decay times when exposed to UV light, useful information regarding the presence and composition of LNAPL is available in the fluorescent response.

UVOST® Technology Description

NaphthaleneC10H8

UVOST® Technology Description

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Conductivity Wires

Return FiberLaser Launch Fiber

Sapphire Window

Parabolic Mirror

Conductivity Dipole

Shock‐ProtectedOpticalCompartment(SPOC)

Shock‐resistant and water‐tight SPOC is advanced with direct‐push equipment.

UVOST® and computer provide real‐time data logging during assessment.

UVOST® Deployment

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WCEC and Matrix advance the UVOST® tooling using direct‐push technology from a variety of delivery platforms.

UVOST® Deployment

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Truck‐mounted and tracked probing units are commonly used to deploy the UVOST®.

UVOST® Deployment

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WCEC and Matrix are often required to deploy UVOST® under complex site access scenarios.

UVOST® Output

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The OST translates the fluorescence emission into a multi‐wavelength waveform.

3D illustration of diesel’s fluorescenceemission – wavelength/time matrix (WTM)

Diesel’s multi‐wavelengthwaveform

OST

Dakota Technologies

UVOST® Output

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Jet fuel / kerosene

Dakota Technologies

Gasoline

Diesels

Oils

UVOST® Output

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Real‐time logs displayresponse vs. depth

Waveform calloutson demand

Electrical conductivitysimultaneously loggedwith each UVOST® probe for lithology assessment

Representative UVOST® log

Contamination Phases

1) Vapor Phase2) Adsorbed Phase3) Dissolved Phase (aqueous phase liquid)4) Non‐aqueous Phase Liquid (NAPL)

a) Mobileb) Residual

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Hydrocarbon contamination exists in four phases in the subsurface:

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1) Soil Boring Investigation2) Monitoring Well Network3) Vapor Survey4) Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)

Each of these is responsive to all four phases of contamination, resulting in poor delineation of the LNAPL source body.

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NAPL Assessment Tools

Standard LNAPL Assessment Methods:

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UVOST® Application

The UVOST® responds only to LNAPL, supporting the development of an accurate LCSM for risk assessment and remediation purposes.

LNAPL Source Identification with UVOST®

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Diagram of conceptual field application of UVOST® technology

LIF‐01 LIF‐02 LIF‐03

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Simplified UVOST® log




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Diagram of conceptual field application of UVOST® technologyLNAPL Source Identification with UVOST®

UVOST® assessments collect environmental measurements at the appropriate scale of the heterogeneities which control contaminant distribution, transport and fate.

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High Resolution Data with UVOST®

Subsurface heterogeneities occur at scales that areoften too small for conventional investigationstrategies and technologies to adequatelycharacterize.

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Data density determines how clearly you will ‘see’ the picture and how accurate your LCSM will be.

UVOST® Data Density

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Greater degrees of accuracy in an LNAPL assessment support more effective and efficient remediation.

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Greater degrees of accuracy in an LNAPL assessment support more effective and efficient remediation.

But only up to a limit!We can assist our clients to develop appropriate UVOST® sampling plans for maximum cost‐effectiveness.

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UVOST® Detects:GasolineDieselJet fuel (kerosene)Motor oilHydraulic fluidsCutting fluids

UVOST® Applications & Limitations

Note: Tar‐specific Green Optical Screening Tool (TarGOST®) is used for the detection of coal tars, creosotes, heavy crudes, tank bottoms, etc.

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UVOST® Applications & LimitationsUVOST® Does Not Detect:

PCBsChlorinated HydrocarbonsDissolved phase PAHs

Note: Tar‐specific Green Optical Screening Tool (TarGOST®) is used for the detection of coal tars, creosotes, heavy crudes, tank bottoms, etc.

UVOST® Detects:GasolineDieselJet fuel (kerosene)Motor oilHydraulic fluidsCutting fluids

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UVOST® Applications & LimitationsUVOST® False Positives:

Organic matter

Sea shells

Calcite

Calcareous sands

Peat

Shorter lifetimes

“Odd” appearance Dakota Technologies

Key Take‐Aways

LIF responds only to NAPL – Effectively differentiates NAPL from other phases of

contamination

High data density – Accurate delineation of NAPL body

Development of robust LCSM

Cost‐effective, real‐time data

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UVOST® Data Analysis & LCSM Development

WCEC provides Integrated Site Visualization (ISVTM) services to deliver a 3D representation of the site conceptual model.

Use of 3D visualization tools allows complex information to be easily evaluated and understood by both technical and non‐technical interested parties.

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High resolution GIS imagery and traditional basemap features, such as CAD drawings, topographic maps, or aerial photographs, may be combined to represent the ground surface in three dimensions, with the photographs or maps precisely placed on the topographic surface.


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LIF and electrical conductivity (EC) data greatly enhance the accuracy and usefulness of the model.


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Contaminant chemistry data are depicted along with lithology and stratigraphy data for a more complete understanding of subsurface contaminant fate and transport.


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3D images of the extent and magnitude of the contaminant plume are used to determine volumetric parameters.


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Deliverables include static images, digital animations, and dynamic 3D files with an interactive viewer.

Our ISVTM deliverables prevent misconceptions that often result when using two dimensional plots to represent the three‐dimensional subsurface environment.


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UVOST® ISV™ Animations

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UVOST® ISV™ Animations

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UVOST ® Investigation Case StudyLegacy petroleum release site in downtown Polson, Montana, initial investigation in early 1990s

13 facilities with releases and individual PRP ownership

Large undefined LNAPL plume, LNAPL present in various monitoring wells across the site

Complex lithology consisting of fine‐grained, varved lakebed sediments

Sensitive surface water receptor (Flathead Lake)

Various regulatory agencies including MTDEQ, City of Polson, Lake County, CSKT Tribe & USEPA

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UVOST ® Investigation Case Study

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Investigation included 138 UVOST® borings completed over 10 day period

Geospatial data points recorded for each boring using sub‐decimeter GPS equipment

Daily uploads of UVOST® response and GPS data conducted using WCEC’s Real Time Data Transmission (RTDT) service

WCEC UVOST® analyst provided daily 2D LNAPL isoconcentration maps as a tool to guide the investigation

Depth of borings was correlated to high and low pool lake elevations

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Investigation successfully delineated horizontal and vertical extent of LNAPL plume allowing for targeted LNAPL recovery

Completed in 10 field days with total cost of under $100,000

Previous investigations totaled over $1M and were not successful in delineating plume

Greatly advanced the CSM through collection of detailed LNAPL distribution and geophysical data (EC)

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Thank you! Questions?

UVOST® Services:Jim DzubayLIF Services [email protected]

ISVTM Services:Jim RolleISVTM Program [email protected]

www.wcec.comwww.matrixenv.com